4.2閱讀理解題型解讀與技巧點撥講義中考&高考考點解讀中考&高考考點解讀中考英語考點解讀高考英語考點解讀初中英語中，閱讀理解包括對書面語言的識別、理解、推理、判斷和快速記憶等幾個方面。需要快速歸納文章大意，理解文章部分細節(jié)，根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容做出一定的推理判斷。高中閱讀理解是英語能力培養(yǎng)的重點項目，是考試的一個重要題型，分值高、題量大。題材多樣化，包括科普、社會、文化、政治、史地、經(jīng)濟、新聞報道乃至廣告說明。體裁多樣，包括記敘文、說明文、應(yīng)用文等。閱讀理解考查的根本是檢驗學生對有關(guān)信息的加工能力。閱讀理解能力的重要標志是閱讀速度和理解力的正確率。具體考查點如下：試題要求：（1）掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意，以及用以說明主旨和大意的事實和細節(jié)。（2）既理解具體的事實，也理解抽象的概念。（3）既理解字面意思，也理解深層含義，包括作者的態(tài)度、意圖等。（4）既理解某句、某段的意義也理解全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，并據(jù)此進行推理和判斷。（5）能根據(jù)材料所提供的信息，結(jié)合應(yīng)有的常識正確判斷生詞的含義。（6）考查非語言因素，即：閱讀者對所學語言國家的社會和文化背景知識的掌握、對所讀材料內(nèi)容的熟悉、個人經(jīng)歷、生活常識、邏輯知識和語言修養(yǎng)等各方面。高中高中閱讀理解考查特點和解題策略一、閱讀理解考查類型：A.考查掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意的能力?此類考查主旨和大意的題大多數(shù)針對段落(或短文)的主題，主題思想，標題或目的，其主要提問方式是：1)Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?2)Whichofthefollowingisthispassageabout?3)Inthispassagethewritertriestotellusthat______.4)Thepassagetellsusthat______.5)Thispassagemainlytalksabout_______.B.考查把握文章的事實和細節(jié)的能力此類考查事實和細節(jié)的題目大多數(shù)是針對文章的細節(jié)設(shè)計的，其主要提問方式是：1)Whichofthefollowingisright?2)Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?3)WhichofthefollowingisNotTrueinthepassage?4)Choosetherightorderofthispassage.5)Fromthispassageweknow________.C.考查根據(jù)上下文猜測生詞的含義的能力此類猜測詞義的題目要求考生根據(jù)上下文確定某一特定的詞或短語的準確含義。其主要提問方式是：1)Theword“…”inthepassageprobablymeans________.2)Theunderlinedword“It”inthepassagerefersto_______.3)Inthisstorytheunderlinedword“…”means________.4)Here“it”means________.D.考查對閱讀材料全篇的邏輯關(guān)系的理解，對文章各段，各句之間的邏輯關(guān)系的理解能力此類題目主要考查的是句語句之間，短語短之間的邏輯關(guān)系，其主要提問方式是：1)Manyvisitorscometothewriter’scityto________.2)SomeshopscanbebuiltDongfengSquaresothattheymay_____.3)Airpollutionisthemostseriouskindofpollutionbecause_____.4)WhydidthewritergetoffthetraintwostopsbeforeViennastation?E.考查依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和考生應(yīng)有的常識進行推理和判斷的能力此類題目文章中沒有明確的答案，需要考生再理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上進行推理和判斷。其主要提問方式是：Wecanguessthewriterofthelettermaybea______.2)Wecaninferfromthetextthat_______.3)Fromtheletterswe’velearnedthatit’svery_____toknowsomethingaboutAmericansocialcustoms.4)Fromthestorywecanguess______.5)Whatwouldbehappyif…?F.考查推斷作者意圖和態(tài)度的能力該題型主要考察學生對文中的有關(guān)語句、要點、細節(jié)、觀點等的理解能力。這種題要求在宏觀把握文章的基礎(chǔ)上，作出合理判斷。這種題要求在宏觀把握文章的基礎(chǔ)上，選出作者對文章所談問題的態(tài)度，而不是我們對某一問題的經(jīng)驗。這類題要求考生從文章的論述方法、語氣和遣詞造句中把握作者對人與事的好惡，了解作者的態(tài)度和情感；這類題目需要多注意文章開頭、結(jié)尾等傳達作者感情傾向的地方。1)HowdidthewriterfeelatViennastation?2)Thewriterwritesthistextto______.3)Thewriterbelievesthat______.4)Thewritersuggeststhat______.二、基本解題思路“重、定、劃、看、防、讀”“重”——“重文本”。讀懂文章最重要?！岸ā薄岸▍^(qū)間”。能夠圈定各題答案的范圍?！皠潯薄皠澑鶕?jù)”。作答時理由要充分，并在文章中劃出解題依據(jù)。“看”——“看轉(zhuǎn)換”。注意同一意思的不同表述(同意轉(zhuǎn)述)?！胺馈薄胺老菥薄ｆi定是“true”還是“nottrue”，辨明形近詞。三、基本解題技巧技巧一、先通讀，后細讀閱讀一篇文章，最好采用先通讀、再細讀的策略。首先要快速瀏覽全文，這一點非常重要。因為一篇文章是一個整體，是圍繞一個中心思想組織的。如果我們了解了文章大體講的是什么，有了整個篇章的結(jié)構(gòu)模式，就有利于我們理順句子或段落間的關(guān)系，準確地把握文章的主旨，同時也有利于我們在解題過程中有重點地細讀部分內(nèi)容。一篇文章無論長短，都要做到一口氣讀下來。對于生詞，只要不妨礙我們理解主要內(nèi)容，可暫時放下不管。如果我們讀讀停停，左顧右盼，往往會把文章完整的體系破壞了，有礙于對文章整體的理解。在掌握了文章的大體內(nèi)容后，我們再根據(jù)需要解答的問題逐句細讀，認真分析詞義及句子結(jié)構(gòu)，從而更準確地把握文章的具體內(nèi)容。技巧二、略讀略讀（skimming）是利用較短的時間粗略地閱讀全文的閱讀策略，其主要目的是迅速抓住文章的主旨大意或作者的寫作意圖。這是一種高效的、有選擇性的、有針對性的閱讀技巧。掌握略讀這一技巧的關(guān)鍵就在于學會在閱讀過程中區(qū)別文章的重要部分和非重要部分，全局部分和枝節(jié)部分。一些次要信息要大膽略去不讀，迅速找出topicsentence，即找出能概括全段大意的句子。在運用這一方法閱讀文章時，要特別注意：①文章的標題；②文章的首句或引導(dǎo)性段落；③文章尾部的結(jié)論性詞匯；④反映段落中心思想的主題句。如果我們找到了每段的主題句，再將這些主題句集中在一起，就差不多能夠把握全文的中心內(nèi)容了。技巧三、查讀查讀（scanning），也稱為掃描式閱讀，是指用較短的時間快速掃視文章，查找具體信息或相關(guān)事實與細節(jié)的閱讀技巧。查讀有一定的目的性，是帶著問題尋找答案的閱讀方法，在考試中具有很高的實用價值。先在問題中找出二至三個關(guān)鍵詞語，用作答案的指示牌。然后回到文章中迅速掃描，以確定答案可能存在的區(qū)域，最后將文章中與之匹配的部分標出，確定正確答案。在查讀過程中，我們可以一目十行地快速掃描整篇文章，也可用手指或鋼筆從左至右或逐行快速移動，同時眼睛要緊隨其移動，查看所要尋找的具體內(nèi)容，對那些與想要查找的信息無關(guān)的內(nèi)容可一帶而過甚至不必閱讀。技巧四、默讀專家認為，做閱讀理解不應(yīng)該是讀，而應(yīng)該是看。默讀有利于發(fā)展閱讀者的內(nèi)部語言，有利于強化理解，有利于提高閱讀速度。測試表明，我們朗讀時，一分鐘能念125個字就已很不錯了，而默讀時，每分鐘可讀150個字以上，有人閱讀小說時甚至可達每分鐘600字。默讀時一定要做到如下三點：①全神貫注。這是有效閱讀最需要的心理素質(zhì)。②積極思維。默讀有利于思維活動的開展，有利于深層理解。③減少回視?；匾暵矢卟粌H限制了速度，也會對內(nèi)容的理解產(chǎn)生支離破碎的影響。四、實例印證技巧解析：1、細節(jié)題InvitedbyMr.YeHuixian,hostofthewellreceivedTVprogramme“StarsTonight”，MissLuoLin,MissAsiaof1991，appearedastheguesthostessontheShanghaiTVscreenlastSunday.BorninShanghaiandtakentoHongKongwhenshewasonlysixyearsold,LuoLinhasneverdreamedofbeingMissAsia.Herchildhooddreamwastobeanairhostess.Beforeshetookpartinthecompetition,shehadbeenanairhostessinCathayAirlineforsevenyears.However，itstilltookherthreemonthstolearntheartofwalkingonthestage,dancing,singing,making-upandotherpropermanners,designedbytheAsiaTVStation.“It’sreallyahardjobforme.Iwon’tenterforsuchcompetitionanymore.Anyhow,Iamquitelucky.IamalsogladtohavehadmorechancetoworkforthesocialwelfaresinceIwonthetitle.Thistime,inShanghai,I’dlovetomakeadeepimpressiononmyTVaudience,“saidLuoLinwithasweetsmile.Q：WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.LuoLinisanativeofShanghai.B.LuoLinmovedtoHongKongwithherparents.C.LuoLinwonthetitleofMissAsiain1991.D.AsiaTVStationhelpedLuoLintobecomeMissAsia.【答案】：B【解析】：A、C和D都可在原文找到答案，而B項原文列的是：takentoHongKong可判斷不是movedtoHongKongwithherparents，因此選B。Thebiggestchallengenowistofindwaystobringthesatellitesbacktotheearthafterayearortwo.Otherwise,majorhighwaysofspacejunkcouldgraduallyincreaseasCubeSatsbecomemorecommon.60.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?A.CubeSatscouldpossiblecausepollutioninspace.B.Afewkidswillsendapplicationsfortheproject.C.ScientistsdesignedCubeSatsforthekidtoplaywith.D.Studentscan’tdesignsatelliteswithoutcollegeeducation.【答案】：A【解析】：此題考查的是細節(jié)事實題，這道題是單詞的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，問題當中用的是“junk”垃圾這個單詞，答案中用的是“pollution”污染這個詞，雖然形式不一樣，但是卻表達的是一個意思。2、詞義猜測題1．閱讀理解猜測詞義題型的特點猜測詞義題也就是要正確理解短文中個別關(guān)鍵詞，可利用同義詞、近義詞、下定義及舉例子等方法推測詞義，甚至在通篇理解的基礎(chǔ)上推測并發(fā)現(xiàn)所給生詞的詞義。這種類型的題需要有意識地訓(xùn)練并最終具備這種不用字典而通過上下文來認識生詞的能力。2．閱讀理解猜測詞義題型的解題思路（一）根據(jù)解釋猜詞義在文章中，作者為了更好的表達思想，對一些重要的概念、難懂的術(shù)語或詞匯等要進行進一步的更明確的解釋。這些解釋提供的信息具有明確的針對性，我們可以利用它們比較容易地猜出詞義。1、根據(jù)定義猜測詞義如果句子或段落是生詞的定義，理解句子或段落本身就是詞語的含義。例如：TheroosteristhenationalemblemofFrancethankstoawordplay:theLatinwordmeaningcoq,orrooster.rooster其實是對coq解釋，因此兩者的意思都為cock。2、根據(jù)同位語、定語猜測詞義雖然同位語、定語不如定義那樣嚴謹、詳細，但是提供的信息足以使閱讀者猜出生詞詞義。例如，同位語infact,onlyabout80ocelots,anendangeredwildcat,existintheU.S.today.此例中，我們不難看出anendangeredwildcat是ocelot的同位語，也不難看出ocelot的意思。在構(gòu)成同位關(guān)系的兩部分之間多用逗號連接，有時也使用破折號、冒號、分號、引號和括號等。又如Towardstheevening,therecomesthegrandfinaleoftheopeningday,anextremelyexcitinghorserace.從anexcitinghorserace,towardstheevening,oftheopeningday等判斷，應(yīng)該是首日的最后一場的壓臺戲出場了。需要注意的是：同位語前還常有or,similarly,thatistosay,inotherwords,namely,orother,sayi.e.等副詞或短語出現(xiàn)。在定語從句TherearenotmanyfactoriesinOrkney,justtwodistillerieswhichmakewhiskyandafewsmall…中,根據(jù)從句whichmakewhisky可以判斷distillery是aplacewherewineismade。3、根據(jù)舉例猜測詞義恰當?shù)呐e例能夠提供猜測生詞的重要線索，例如：hisfamilytookhim,asaboy,huntingandfishingtripsandsomadehimknowearlythekindsofvirtues,suchascourageandendurance,whichwerelatershowninhisstories.句中“courage”和“endurance(忍耐)”是生詞的實例，通過它們我們可以猜出virtues的大致詞義“goodquality(美德)”。（二）根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)在關(guān)系猜詞義根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)在關(guān)系猜詞義是指運用語言知識分析和判斷相關(guān)信息之間存在的邏輯關(guān)系,然后根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系推斷生詞詞義或大致義域。這也是在完型填空題中常用的方法。1、根據(jù)上下文的情景猜測詞義如：ButPortamdidn’tfindmodelingveryinterestingandinsteadtriedtogainacareerinacting.Shemadeherdebutatage13asthegirlfriendof……”我們根據(jù)上文“…triedtogainacareerinacting”說明追求表演有了結(jié)果，所以debut應(yīng)該是“首次登臺表演”的意思。再如Lackofparentwillpowermaycontributemoretojuvenileobesitythanunder-exercisingorovereating，根據(jù)more…thanunder-exercisingorovereating等語境可判斷“juvenileobesity”意為”childhoodoverweight”。2、根據(jù)對比關(guān)系猜測詞義在一個句子或段落中，有對兩個事物或現(xiàn)象進行對比性的描述，我們可以根據(jù)生詞或難詞的反義或近義關(guān)系的詞進行猜測。例如：Anothersuggestionforconsumersistobuygenericitemsinsteadoffamousbrands.根據(jù)famousbrands可以輕易給genericitems（一般商品）下定義。3、根據(jù)因果關(guān)系猜測詞義在句子或段落種，若兩個事物、現(xiàn)象之間構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，我們可以根據(jù)這種邏輯關(guān)系推知生詞詞義。例如：Thesurveyalsoshow……elementswhicharecrucialtotheirphysicaldevelopment——magnesium,copper,calcium,ironandzinc.我們根據(jù)上文“…afterastudyrevealedthatunscientificwaysoffeedingbabiesandalackoftraceelementsarethetwobiggestthreatstoyoungsters’health.”可以看出這“五種元素”對孩子的身體發(fā)展是重要的。所以crucial的意思應(yīng)和important接近。4、根據(jù)同義詞的替代關(guān)系猜測詞義在句子或段落中，我們可以利用熟悉的詞語，根據(jù)語言環(huán)境推斷生詞詞義。例如：tensofthousandsoftouristsvisitNewYorkeveryyear.ThetouristscometoseetheskyscrapersofManhattan.Thecityisfamousforitsmanytallbuildings.manytallbuildings應(yīng)該是skyscrapers的同義詞，有替代關(guān)系。（三）根據(jù)外部相關(guān)因素猜詞語外部相關(guān)因素是指篇章(句子或段落)以外的其他知識。我們在依靠分析篇章的上下文內(nèi)在關(guān)系無法猜出詞義時,就需要運用生活經(jīng)驗和普通常識來確定詞義。例如：Bookloversofallagessaythebestthingaboutwinteriscuddlingupunderablanketwithawarmdrinkinonehandandagoodnovelintheother.從underablanket可以常識性地得出“看書”的狀態(tài)應(yīng)該是躺著，所以應(yīng)選擇“toliecloseandcomfortably”選項。又如：Onenight,sixofusdecidedtoborrowbikesfromthehotelandridearoundBeijingafterdark.Sincetherewereonlythreebikeswehadtodoubleup.根據(jù)sixofus和onlythreebikes，在聯(lián)系到double的本義“雙”，就可以判斷“doubleup”意思為“toshareabike”即兩人合騎一輛自行車。我們還可以依靠構(gòu)詞法方面的知識，從生詞（派生詞或復(fù)合詞）本身猜測詞義，即根據(jù)派生詞的前綴后綴，或根據(jù)復(fù)合詞的各部分的意思猜測詞義等?？傊?，利用各種已知信息進行推測、判斷詞義是一項重要的做閱讀理解題，乃至完型填空題的方法，也是我們平時閱讀文章時運用的常用技能。我們可以靈活地綜合運用上面提到的幾種解題方法，排除生詞的障礙，順利地理解文章的思想內(nèi)容，提高閱讀速度，以及做出相關(guān)的題型。根據(jù)定義猜測題意例1）Butthingsarechanging.Highcosts,unusualeducationalrequirementsandlongstart-uptimesarenolongeranobstacletospaceexploration.ThescientistsatStanfordUniversityhavedevelopedanewtypeoftiny,inexpensiveearth-orbitingsatellitesthatgofromideastolaunch(發(fā)射)inayear.59.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“obstacle”probablymean?A.Anaimtoachieveinthenearfuture.B.Animaginationthatkidsusuallyhave.C.Somethingdangeroustoterrifypeople.D.Somethingdifficultthatstandsintheway.【答案】：D【解析】：此題為猜測詞義題，D選項是對obstacle的解釋說明，是根據(jù)定義猜詞義的。例2）Youshouldneverputacottonswaborotherobjectintotheearcanal.Butyoucanuseaswaborclothtocleantheouterpartoftheear.Theexpertsagreewiththeoldsayingthatyoushouldneverputanythingsmallerthanyourelbowinyourear.Whatdoesa“swab”mostlyprobablymean?A.somethingsoft,smallandusedinclinicsB.somethinghard,longandusedathomeC.somethingthin,wetandlikeanelbowD.somethingsafe,bigandlikeatoy【答案】：A【解析】：根據(jù)Butyoucanuseaswaborclothtocleantheouterpartoftheear.可判斷or后面的名詞cloth與swab是同位關(guān)系，據(jù)此可以判斷swab是一種用來清洗耳朵等部位的棉制或布制的醫(yī)藥用品，即“棉簽”根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義Sharksareamongthefewanimalsintheworldthatalmostnevergetcancerandeyecataracts.Understandingwhycanhelpusimprovehumanhealth.Chemicalsextractedfromsharkcartilagehavekilledcanceroustumorsinlaboratoryanimals,aresearchthatsomedaycouldhelpprolongyourlife.Theunderlinedword“prolong”intheparagraphmeans______.A.saveB.protectC.lengthenD.improve【答案】：C【解析】：可根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法來判斷詞義。prolong是個派生詞，前綴pro-是“支持，親”之意，long是“長”之意，故可判斷prolong是“延長(壽命)”的意思。根據(jù)上下文及生活常識猜測詞義…ButsometimesIjustfeelloathtotalktothesepeople.Sometimes,Ijustwanttobealone,quietly,withoutbeingforcedtolistentotheirgossiporotheruselesswords.Theunderlinedword“l(fā)oath”inthisparagraphhastheclosestmeaningto______.A.unwillingB.eagerC.pleasedD.hurt【答案】：A【解析】：根據(jù)后面的語境“我寧愿安靜地獨處，不愿意去聽這些閑言碎語”，可見作者“不愿意”與這些人說話。故loath是“不愿意”之意。根據(jù)同義替換猜測詞義ThescientistsuseddetailedgeneticanalysistoprovethattheAfricansavannaelephantandtheAfricanforestelephanthavebeendistinctspeciesforseveralmillionyears.ThedivergenceofthetwospeciestookplacearoundthetimeofthedivergenceofAsianelephantsandwoollymammoths.Thisresultamazedallthescientists.…67.Theunderlinedword“divergence”inparagraph4means“______”.A.evolutionB.exhibitionC.separationD.examination【答案】：C【解析】：文中divergenceofthetwospecies指代前文theAfricanSavannaelephantandtheAfricanforestelephanthavebeendistinctspecies,divergence與distinct同義替換，對應(yīng)選項C。牛刀小試：1.FoxwasauniversitystudentinBritishColumbiawhenhebecamesickwithbonecancer.Doctorshadtoamputatemostofhisrightleg.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningto“amputate”?A.cureofB.cutoffC.takeawayD.leave【解析】本題所猜測單詞比較陌生，因此結(jié)合上下文可知“Fox患了骨癌，醫(yī)生需要截掉她的右腿”，故答案為B?！敬鸢浮緽2.Peoplealreadyusemorethanhalfoftheworld’srenewablefreshwater.Theword“renewable”referstothewaterthat_______.A.isfreshandnewB.canbemadenewagainC.canbemadecleanandusedagainD.canalwaysbereplacedwithnewwater.【解析】本題所猜測單詞從詞根的角度來看，為“更新”之意，但結(jié)合語境，答案C更合乎語境。【答案】C3.Hundredsofyearsago,muchoftheHollandwasbelowsealevelandwasoftenfloodedbytheNorthSea.Thismadethelandswampy.Whatdoestheword“swampy”mean?A.DryandhardB.DesertedC.SoftandwetD.Rich【解析】根據(jù)前文提到的flooded，可知詞義為C?！敬鸢浮緾4.Thechildrenwhohaverecentlyexperiencedafamilybreakuphaveamoredifficulttimewiththeirstudythanchildrenfromnormalconsummatefamilies.Whatdoestheword“consummate”mean?A.largeB.wealthyC.completeD.poor【解析】根據(jù)句式可知詞義應(yīng)與前文提到的breakup為反義詞，故答案為C?！敬鸢浮緾5.HemetJohnRidgwayandwashiredasaninstructoratRidgway’sSchoolofAdventure,wherehelearnedaboutRidgway’scoldwaterexploits.Greatlyinterested,SaundersreadallhecouldaboutNorthPoleexplorersandadventures.Theword“exploits”isclosestinmeaningto.A.journeysB.researchesC.adventuresD.operations【解析】根據(jù)句義可知，他在Ridgway’sSchoolofAdventure學會了某種技能，可猜測詞義為adventure?！敬鸢浮緾3、主旨大意題例1）ThefamousAmericangorilla(大猩猩)expertDianeFosseyhadacompletelynewwaytostudygorillas—shepretendedtobeoneofthem.Shecopiedtheiractionsandwayoflife—eatingplantsandgettingdownonherhandsandkneestowalkthewayagorilladoes.Itwasanewrelationship.DianeFosseywasmurderedinRwandain1985andherstorywasmadeintothepopularfilmGorillasintheMist.ItwasalongwayfromKingKong,whichisaboutagorillaasamonster(afrighteninganimal),andhelpedtoshowanewidea:therealmonsterisman,whilethegorillaistobeadmired.Todaytherearethoughttobearound48,000lowlandgorillasandmaybe400—450mountaingorillasinthewild.FromtheCongoinWestAfrica,toRwandaandUgandafurthereast,theyareendangeredbyhuntingandbythecuttingdownoftheirforesthomes.Sometimeago,IfoundinmyletterboxalittlemagazinefromtheWorldWideFundforNature.Ithadtwophotossidebyside.Onewasofayounggorilla.“Thisisaspeciesofmammal(哺乳類動物),”saidthewordsbelowit.“Itisbeingdestroyedbyman.Wemustsaveitforourowngood.”Theotherphotoshowedahumanbaby.Thewordsalsoread,“Thisisaspeciesofmammal,”butthenwenton:“Itisthemostdestructive(破壞性的)onearth.Wemustretrainitforitsowngood.”56.Thetextmainlytalksabout_____.A.DianeFosseyB.thegorillasinRwandaC.theprotectionofthegorillasD.thefilmGorillasintheMist【答案】：C【解析】：文章第一段談到DianeFossey大猩猩的研究；第二段談到根據(jù)她的事跡所拍攝的影片；第三段談到了大猩猩數(shù)量減少的原因；最后一段談到保護大猩猩的宣傳措施。前面三段都是為最后一段作鋪墊的,從最后一段“Itisbeingdestroyedbyman.Wemustsaveitforourowngood.”可知，最主要的目的還是要人們保護大猩猩。例2）OntheInternet,wecanreadnewsathomeandabroadandgetasmuchinformationaswecan.Weoftensende-mailsormaketelephonecallstoourfamiliesaswellastoourfriendsbyInternet.What’smore,wecangotoschoolonthenet,readalotofbooksandeventeachourselvesforeignlanguages.Wealsoenjoymusic,watchballmatchesonthenetandplaycomputergames.Withthehelpofthenet,wecandoshoppingevenwithoutleavingourhomes.TheInternetisplayingamoreandmoreimportantpartinourdailylife.1.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.KeepawayfromtheInternet.B.Surfthenet.C.TheInternetisplayinganimportantpartinourdailylife.D.WecanentertainourselvesontheInternet.【答案】：C【解析】：最后一句“TheInternetisplayingamoreandmoreimportantpartinourdailylife.”（因特網(wǎng)在我們的生活中起著越來越重要的作用）是全文的主題句。A項（遠離網(wǎng)絡(luò)）與主題不符。B項（上網(wǎng)）過于籠統(tǒng)。D項（網(wǎng)上娛樂）只不過是短文中的一個細節(jié)，不全面。例3）Lacrosse(曲棍球)isapopularsportinCanada.TheIndiansinCanadainventedit.Theyusedittotrainforwar.TheyinventedthisgamebeforeColumbusarrivedintheNewWorld.Peopleplaylacrosseoutdoors.Thelacrossefieldissevenmeterslong.Ateachendofthefieldthereisagoal.Thegoalisanet.Therearetenplayersoneachteam.Eachplayerhasastickcalled“cross”.Theplayerhitaballintothenetasmanytimesaspossible.Lacrosseisaveryfastgamebecausetheplayerscancatchandpasstheballatahighspeedwiththeirsticks.Playersoftengetgreatfunitplayinglacrosse.TherearemanylacrosseclubsandlacrosseteamsalloverCanada.EverynightCanadianscanwatchthelacrossegamesonTVorlistentothelacrossegamesovertheradio.AtonetimelacrossewasthenationalsummersportinCanada.TodayitisstillpopularwithCanadians.1.Thepassageismainlyabout.A.HowtoPlayLacrosseB.LacrosseinCanadaC.TheHistoryofLacrosseD.Lacrosse—APopularGameinCanada【答案】：D【解析】：作者先后兩次提到“長曲棍球在加拿大很受歡迎”，顯然選項D最符合短文的主題。4、推理判斷題閱讀推理判斷題類型1.推斷隱含意義2.推斷作者觀點或態(tài)度3.推斷寫作目的4.推斷文章出處5.推斷人物的觀點、情感、品性6.推斷讀者對象或文章的作者7.推斷作者的情感例1）WhenIwasateenager,mymother’sbrokenEnglishembarrassedme.Butnow,Iseeitdifferently.Tome,mymother’sEnglishisperfectlyclear,perfectlynatural.Itismymothertongue.Herlanguage,asIhearit,isvivid,direct,andfullofobservationandwisdom.Itwasthelanguagethathelpedshapetheway1sawthings,expressedideas,andmadesenseoftheworld.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhermother’sEnglishnow?Itconfusesher.B.Itembarrassesher.C.Ithelpsherunderstandtheworld.D.Ithelpshertoleraterudepeople.【答案】：C【解析】：題型是推斷作者觀點或態(tài)度。由文章最后一句Itwasthelanguage…andmadesenseoftheworld.可知我現(xiàn)在對母親的漢語式英語有了新的認識。C選項正確。例2）ForgetTwitterandFacebook,GoogleandtheKindle.Televisionisstillthemostinfluentialmediumaround.Indeed,formanyofthepoorestregions(地區(qū))oftheworld,itremainsthenextbigthing——finallybecomesgloballyavailable.Andthatisagoodthing,becausetheTVrevolutionischanginglivesforthebetter....ToomuchTVhasbeenassociatedwithviolence,overweightandloneliness.However,TVishavingapositiveinfluenceonthelivesofbillionsworldwide.Theauthorintendsto______.A.stresstheadvantagesofTVtopeople’slivesB.persuadewomentobecomemoreindependentC.encouragepeopletoimprovetheirreadingskillsD.introducethereaderssomewebsitessuchasGoogle【答案】：A【解析】：題型是推斷寫作目的。文章開始到結(jié)束都在強調(diào)電視對生活的積極影響，特別是首段中的“Andthatisagoodthing,becausetheTVrevolutionischanginglivesforthebetter.”和尾段中的“However,TVishavingapositiveinfluenceonthelivesofbillionsworldwide.”可看出作者的寫作意圖，故A項為正確選項。例3）Dresstoimpress:StylistandbusinessconsultantDanielaSmithsays,“Girlsshouldkeepinmindthatyourcollegeprofessorswilloftenbethebridgethatconnectsyoutoyourfuturecareerandyourclassmateswillbecomeyourprofessionalnetwork.Youdon’tneedtodresslikeyou’regoingtotheoffice,butyoushoulddisplayanabilitytoproperlypresentyourselfwithappropriatematurityandconfidence,andlookputtogether.”Thesecondparagraphindicatestheimportanceof________.A.impressingprofessorsB.gettingonwellwithclassmatesC.creatingaprofessionalimageD.dressingappropriately【答案】：D【解析】：題型是推斷隱含意義。文段強調(diào)了穿戴要合適，文中提到“butyoushoulddisplayanabilitytoproperlypresentyourselfwithappropriatematurityandconfidence,andlookputtogether.”故選項D是正確的。例4）ButinLondon,dinnerpartiesareinpeople'shomes.Notonlythat,theguestsareaninterestingmix.ThelasttimeIwenttoone,theguestswerefromFrance,India,DenmarkandNigeria;itwaslikeagatheringattheUnitedNations.InNewYorkthemixislessstriking.It'slikeagatheringatBloomingdale's,awell-knowndepartmentstore.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofthepartiesinLondon?A.Abitunusual.B.Fulloftricks.C.Lesscostly.D.Moreinteresting.【答案】：D【解析】：推斷作者觀點態(tài)度。上段講到，在倫敦dinnerparties不僅家中舉行，而且客人都是來自四面八方有趣的組合。文中講到“aninterestingmix”和“agatheringattheUnitedNations”也暗示倫敦的派對更好玩，故D選項正確。練習1:AnoldfriendfromCaliforniacalledfromtheairporttotellmethathehadarrived.Iwasnotabletoleavetheoffice,butIhadmadeplansforhisarrival.Afterexplainingwheremynewhousewas,ItoldhimthatIhadleftthekeyunderthedoormat（門墊）.SinceIknewitwouldbeprettylatebeforeIcouldgethome,Isuggestedthathemakehimselfathomeandhelphimselftoanythingthatwasintherefrigerator.Twohourslatermyfriendphonedmefromthehouse.Atthemoment,hesaid,hewaslisteningtosomeofmyrecordsafterhavinghadadeliciousmeal.Now,hesaid,hewasdrinkingaglassoforangejuice.WhenIaskedhimifhehadhadanydifficultyfindingthehouse,heansweredthattheonlyproblemwasthathehadnotbeenabletofindthekeyunderthedoormat,butluckily,thelivingroomwindowbytheappletreehadbeenleftopenandhehadclimbedinthroughthewindow.Ilistenedtoallthisingreatsurprise.Thereisnoappletreeoutsidemywindow,butthereisonebythelivingroomwindowofmynextdoorneighbor’shouse!【文章大意】我的一個朋友在機場給我打電話，他到了并且讓我去接他，可是我沒時間，于是告訴他鑰匙在哪里，家里有什么吃的；而我的朋友因為沒找到鑰匙而誤爬進我鄰居的家里，并且在那吃東西、聽音樂。1.Anoldfriendofminecalled______.A.totellmetomeethimattheairportB.totellmeabouthisarrivalC.toaskmetoleavetheofficeD.toaskmetomakeplansforhisarrival【答案】B【命題】細節(jié)理解題?？疾閷ξ恼绿囟毠?jié)的理解和判斷能力?！窘馕觥繛g覽全文，尋找細節(jié)。該題的細節(jié)是：totellmethathehadarrived.2.Myfriendclimbedintotheroombecause______.A.therewasanappletreeoutsideB.thelivingroomwindowwasleftopenC.hehaddifficultyopeningthedoorD.hehadn’tfoundth