2025年英語(yǔ)專業(yè)四級(jí)閱讀理解實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練與技巧試卷考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______PartIClozeReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandchoosethebestwordforeachblankfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Markthecorrespondingletterwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Thehumanbrainisincrediblycomplex,constantly1)______newinformationandadaptingtoitsenvironment.However,thisremarkableorganisalsohighlyvulnerabletodamage,whichcanresultfromvariouscauses,includingtrauma,stroke,orneurodegenerativediseases.Understandingthemechanisms2)______damageoccursiscrucialfordevelopingeffectivetreatments.Recentresearchhasfocusedontheroleofoxidativestress,aprocess3)______reactiveoxygenspecies(ROS)accumulateanddisruptcellularfunction.Oxidativestresscanimpairtheintegrityofneuronalmembranes,leadtoproteinmisfolding,andtriggerapoptosis,ultimatelycontributingtocognitivedeclineandneuronaldeath.Severallinesofevidencesuggestthatmitigatingoxidativestresscould4)______apromisingstrategyforneuroprotection.CompoundsknownasantioxidantshaveshownpotentialinneutralizingROSandprotectingneuronsfromoxidativedamage.Forinstance,studieshaveinvestigatedtheeffectsofvitaminsCandE,aswellasmorecomplexmoleculeslikepolyphenolsfoundinfruitsandvegetables.Whiletheresultsarepromising,itisimportanttonotethattherelationshipbetweenoxidativestressandneurodegenerationiscomplexandlikelyinvolvesmultipleinteractingpathways.Furtherresearchisneededtofullyelucidatetheunderlyingmechanismsandtoidentifythemosteffectiveinterventions.1.A.processingB.storingC.retrievingD.generating2.A.bywhichB.thatC.forwhichD.as3.A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that4.A.representB.constituteC.constituteD.providePartIIReadingComprehensionReadthefollowingpassagescarefullyandanswerthequestionsbywritingNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.Passage1Theconceptofsustainabledevelopmenthasgainedsignificanttractioninrecentdecadesasglobalawarenessofenvironmentaldegradationandresourcedepletionhasincreased.Atitscore,sustainabledevelopmentaimstomeettheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.Thisinvolvesbalancingeconomicgrowth,socialequity,andenvironmentalprotection.Achievingsustainabilityrequiresamultifacetedapproachthataddressesvariousinterconnectedchallenges.Onekeyareaisrenewableenergytransition.Shiftingfromfossilfuelstorenewablesourceslikesolar,wind,andhydroelectricpoweriscrucialforreducinggreenhousegasemissionsandmitigatingclimatechange.Similarly,sustainableagriculturepracticesareessentialtoensurefoodsecuritywhileminimizingenvironmentalimpact.Thisincludestechniquessuchascroprotation,organicfarming,andwater-efficientirrigationmethods.Furthermore,sustainableurbanplanningplaysavitalroleincreatinglivableandresilientcities.Thisinvolvesdevelopinggreenspaces,promotingpublictransportation,andconstructingenergy-efficientbuildings.Educationandpublicawarenessarealsofundamentalcomponents,fosteringacultureofsustainabilitywhereindividualsmakeenvironmentallyconsciouschoicesintheirdailylives.Passage2Theriseofartificialintelligence(AI)hassparkedbothexcitementandapprehensionacrossvarioussectors.WhileAIofferstransformativepotential,particularlyinareaslikehealthcare,transportation,andautomation,italsoraisesimportantethicalconsiderations.Onemajorconcernisthepotentialdisplacementofjobs.AsAIsystemsbecomeincreasinglysophisticated,theycanperformtaskspreviouslydonebyhumans,leadingtoworkforceshiftsandtheneedforreskilling.EnsuringajusttransitionforworkersaffectedbyAIadoptionwillbecrucial.Anotherethicalissuerevolvesarounddataprivacyandsecurity.AIsystemsoftenrelyonvastamountsofdata,raisingquestionsabouthowthisinformationiscollected,used,andprotected.Thereisariskthatpersonaldatacouldbemisusedorexposed,leadingtoprivacyviolations.Biasandfairnessareadditionalchallenges.AIalgorithmsaretrainedondata,andifthisdatareflectsexistingsocietalbiases,theAIsystemmayperpetuateorevenamplifythem.Thiscanleadtodiscriminatoryoutcomesinareassuchashiring,loanapplications,andcriminaljustice.Addressingtheseethicalconcernsrequiresproactivemeasures,includingthedevelopmentofrobustregulatoryframeworks,ethicalguidelinesforAIdevelopment,andongoingpublicdiscourse.Passage3TheCOVID-19pandemichashadaprofoundimpactonglobaleducationsystems,exposingvulnerabilitiesandhighlightingtheimportanceofresilience.Schoolclosuresonamassivescaledisruptedlearningformillionsofstudents,creatingsignificantlearningloss,particularlyforthosefromdisadvantagedbackgroundswithlimitedaccesstotechnology.Thepandemicalsounderscoredthedigitaldivide,revealingdisparitiesinaccesstointernetconnectivityanddevices.Educatorsfacedthechallengeofrapidlyadaptingtoremoteteachingmethods,oftenwithlimitedtrainingandresources.Whiledistancelearningplatformsprovidedatemporarysolution,theystruggledtoreplicatetheinteractiveandengagingnatureofin-personinstruction.Mentalhealthconcernsalsoarose,withstudentsandteachersexperiencingincreasedstressandisolation.Thepandemicservedasacatalystforreflectiononthefutureofeducation.Itprompteddiscussionsabouttheroleoftechnologyinlearning,theneedforflexibleandadaptableeducationalmodels,andtheimportanceofprioritizingwell-beingalongsideacademicachievement.Movingforward,thefocusshouldbeonrebuildingandstrengtheningeducationsystems,ensuringequitableaccessandqualitylearningopportunitiesforallstudents,andleveragingtechnologytoenhance,ratherthanreplace,thehumanelementofteachingandlearning.試卷答案PartICloze1.Aprocessing解析：根據(jù)句意“大腦不斷處理新信息”，process（處理）符合語(yǔ)境。store（存儲(chǔ)）、retrieve（檢索）、generate（產(chǎn)生）均不符合。2.Abywhich解析：這里的結(jié)構(gòu)是“mechanismsbywhichdamageoccurs”，意為“損傷發(fā)生的方式/機(jī)制”。bywhich引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾mechanisms，表示“通過(guò)哪種方式”。3.Awhere解析：名詞process后需要一個(gè)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾，表示ROS積累的場(chǎng)所。where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，意為“在……的地方”，符合句意。4.Cconstitute解析：此處意為“緩解氧化應(yīng)激可能構(gòu)成一個(gè)有希望的策略”。constitutea...strategy意為“構(gòu)成一個(gè)……策略”，符合搭配和句意。provideastrategy意為“提供策略”，但constitute更強(qiáng)調(diào)“構(gòu)成”。PartIIReadingComprehensionPassage11.multifacetedapproach解析：根據(jù)“Achievingsustainabilityrequiresamultifacetedapproachthataddressesvariousinterconnectedchallenges.”，可知實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)性需要多方面的方法。2.renewablesources解析：根據(jù)“Shiftingfromfossilfuelstorenewablesourceslikesolar,wind,andhydroelectricpoweriscrucial...”，可知需要從化石燃料轉(zhuǎn)向可再生能源。3.sustainableagriculturepractices解析：根據(jù)“Similarly,sustainableagriculturepracticesareessentialtoensurefoodsecuritywhileminimizingenvironmentalimpact.”，可知可持續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)實(shí)踐至關(guān)重要。4.sustainableurbanplanning解析：根據(jù)“Furthermore,sustainableurbanplanningplaysavitalroleincreatinglivableandresilientcities.”，可知可持續(xù)城市規(guī)劃起著至關(guān)重要的作用。5.cultureofsustainability解析：根據(jù)“Educationandpublicawarenessarealsofundamentalcomponents,fosteringacultureofsustainabilitywhereindividualsmakeenvironmentallyconsciouschoices...”，可知需要培養(yǎng)一種可持續(xù)發(fā)展的文化。Passage21.workforceshifts解析：根據(jù)“AsAIsystemsbecomeincreasinglysophisticated,theycanperformtaskspreviouslydonebyhumans,leadingtoworkforceshiftsandtheneedforreskilling.”，可知AI會(huì)導(dǎo)致勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移。2.dataprivacyandsecurity解析：根據(jù)“Anotherethicalissuerevolvesarounddataprivacyandsecurity.AIsystemsoftenrelyonvastamountsofdata,raisingquestionsabouthowthisinformationiscollected,used,andprotected.”，可知另一個(gè)倫理問(wèn)題是數(shù)據(jù)隱私和安全。3.personaldata解析：根據(jù)“Thereisariskthatpersonaldatacouldbemisusedorexposed,leadingtoprivacyviolations.”，可知存在個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)被濫用的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。4.biasandfairness解析：根據(jù)“Anotherethicalissuerevolvesaroundbiasandfairness.AIalgorithmsaretrainedondata,andifthisdatareflectsexistingsocietalbiases...leadingtodiscriminatoryoutcomes.”，可知另一個(gè)倫理問(wèn)題是偏見和公平性。5.regulatoryframeworks解析：根據(jù)“Addressingtheseethicalconcernsrequiresproactivemeasures,includingthedevelopmentofrobustregulatoryframeworks,ethicalguidelinesforAIdevelopment...”，可知需要制定強(qiáng)有力的監(jiān)管框架。Passage31.profoundimpact解析：根據(jù)“TheCOVID-19pandemichashadaprofoundimpactonglobaleduca