新人教版七年級(jí)英語(yǔ)第三單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)及單元作文一、知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)（一）核心詞匯：場(chǎng)景化分類記憶詞匯學(xué)習(xí)需結(jié)合“學(xué)校場(chǎng)景”分類，避免孤立記憶，可按“場(chǎng)所類”“動(dòng)作類”“代詞類”“描述類”劃分，結(jié)合生活場(chǎng)景理解：-場(chǎng)所類：聚焦學(xué)校常見(jiàn)空間，是描述位置、寫作的基礎(chǔ)。-hall/h??l/n.禮堂；大廳（學(xué)校舉辦集會(huì)、活動(dòng)的核心場(chǎng)所）-building/?b?ld??/n.建筑物；房子（統(tǒng)稱，具體場(chǎng)所需搭配修飾詞，如classroombuilding教學(xué)樓）-office/??f?s/n.辦公室（常用搭配：teachers'office教師辦公室，headteacher'soffice校長(zhǎng)辦公室）-library/?la?br?ri/n.圖書館（注意復(fù)數(shù)形式為libraries，場(chǎng)景功能：borrowbooks借書，readquietly安靜閱讀）-dininghall/?da?n??h??l/n.餐廳（注意“dining”為動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)，表功能，對(duì)應(yīng)場(chǎng)景：havemeals吃飯，buysnacks買零食）-sportsfield/sp??tsfi?ld/n.運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)（涵蓋操場(chǎng)、球場(chǎng)，場(chǎng)景動(dòng)作：playfootball踢足球，run跑步）-artroom/ɑ?tru?m/n.美術(shù)室（功能場(chǎng)景：drawpictures畫畫，paint涂色）-sciencelab/?sa??nsl?b/n.科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室（“l(fā)ab”為“l(fā)aboratory”縮寫，場(chǎng)景動(dòng)作：doexperiments做實(shí)驗(yàn)，usetools使用工具）-動(dòng)作類：對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)校生活中的常見(jiàn)行為，多與場(chǎng)所搭配使用。-raise/re?z/v.使升高；提高（核心搭配：raisetheflag升旗，raisehands舉手）-putup/p?t?p/v.張貼；搭建（“put”為不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，過(guò)去式仍為put，搭配：putupposters張貼海報(bào)，putuptents搭帳篷）-borrow/?b?r??/v.借；借用（指向“從別人/地方借進(jìn)來(lái)”，搭配：borrowbooksfromthelibrary從圖書館借書，與“l(fā)end”區(qū)分，“l(fā)end”指“借出去”）-show/???/v.帶領(lǐng)；展示（常用搭配：showsb.around帶某人參觀，showsth.tosb.把某物展示給某人）-代詞類：重點(diǎn)掌握名詞性物主代詞，避免與形容詞性物主代詞混淆。-yours/j??z/pron.你的；您的（名詞性物主代詞，單獨(dú)使用，相當(dāng)于“your+名詞”，如：Isthispenyours?=Isthisyourpen?）-mine/ma?n/pron.我的（同理，單獨(dú)使用，如：Thebookismine.=Thebookismybook.）-his/h?z/pron.他的（既可用作形容詞性，也可用作名詞性，如：Hispenisred./Theredpenishis.）-描述類：用于修飾學(xué)校場(chǎng)所、物品，豐富表達(dá)。-large/lɑ?d?/adj.大的；大號(hào)的（同義詞：big，反義詞：small，描述場(chǎng)所大?。篴largedininghall一個(gè)大餐廳）-special/?spe?l/adj.特別的；特殊的（修飾有獨(dú)特意義的事物：aspecialdayatschool學(xué)校里的特別一天）-quiet/?kwa??t/adj.安靜的（對(duì)應(yīng)圖書館、教室等場(chǎng)景，反義詞：noisy吵鬧的，如：Thelibraryisquiet.）（二）高頻短語(yǔ)：固定搭配+語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用短語(yǔ)需牢記固定搭配，同時(shí)結(jié)合“詢問(wèn)位置”“描述場(chǎng)景”“表達(dá)感謝”等功能場(chǎng)景記憶，避免死記硬背：-方位描述類：?jiǎn)卧诵亩陶Z(yǔ)，直接服務(wù)于“where引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句”和“therebe句型”，需明確方位邏輯。-infrontof在……前面（指“在物體外部的前面”，如：Thetreeisinfrontoftheclassroombuilding.樹在教學(xué)樓前面；注意與“inthefrontof”區(qū)分，后者指“在物體內(nèi)部的前面”，如：Theteacher'sdeskisinthefrontoftheclassroom.講桌在教室前面）-acrossfrom在……對(duì)面（強(qiáng)調(diào)“面對(duì)面、正對(duì)面”的位置關(guān)系，如：Thelibraryisacrossfromthedininghall.圖書館在餐廳對(duì)面）-nextto緊挨著；在……旁邊（指“距離非常近，幾乎相鄰”，如：Myclassroomisnexttotheteachers'office.我的教室緊挨著教師辦公室）-between...and...在……和……之間（連接兩個(gè)并列的人或事物，強(qiáng)調(diào)“在兩者中間”，如：Theartroomisbetweenthesciencelabandthesportsfield.美術(shù)室在科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室和運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)之間）-attheback(of)在……后面（“of”可省略，指“在物體的后部”，外部?jī)?nèi)部均可，如：Thereisagardenatthebackoftheschool.學(xué)校后面有一個(gè)花園；Theblackboardisatthebackoftheclassroom.黑板在教室后面）-動(dòng)作功能類：結(jié)合學(xué)校日?；顒?dòng)，明確動(dòng)作的實(shí)施場(chǎng)景。-putup張貼；搭建（如：Weputupanoticeonthewall.我們?cè)趬ι蠌堎N了一則通知；Theyputupatentforthecamp.他們?yōu)槁稜I(yíng)搭了一個(gè)帳篷）-raisetheflag升旗（學(xué)校固定場(chǎng)景，如：WeraisetheflageveryMondaymorning.我們每周一早上升旗）-borrow...from...從……借……（如：Iborrowastorybookfromthelibraryeveryweek.我每周從圖書館借一本故事書）-showsb.around帶某人參觀（如：Myfriendcomestomyschool,andIshowheraround.我的朋友來(lái)我的學(xué)校，我?guī)齾⒂^）-情感表達(dá)類：用于日常交際，體現(xiàn)禮貌用語(yǔ)。-thanksfor因……而感謝（后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞，如：Thanksforyourhelp.感謝你的幫助；Thanksforshowingmearoundtheschool.感謝你帶我參觀學(xué)校）（三）核心語(yǔ)法：規(guī)則+易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)解析本單元語(yǔ)法聚焦“方位表達(dá)”和“存在描述”，是初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法體系的基礎(chǔ)，需掌握規(guī)則并規(guī)避常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤：1.where引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句：詢問(wèn)“位置”-基本結(jié)構(gòu)：Where+be動(dòng)詞（is/are）+主語(yǔ)？（be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由主語(yǔ)決定，主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞用is，復(fù)數(shù)用are）-單數(shù)主語(yǔ)：Whereistheteachers'office?教師辦公室在哪里？-復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)：Wherearetheclassrooms?教室在哪里？-不可數(shù)名詞主語(yǔ)：Whereisthewaterintheclassroom?教室里的水在哪里？-回答規(guī)則：需用方位短語(yǔ)明確位置，結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞+方位短語(yǔ)”，或直接用方位短語(yǔ)回答。-完整回答：Theteachers'officeisnexttotheclassroom.教師辦公室緊挨著教室。-簡(jiǎn)潔回答：Nexttotheclassroom.緊挨著教室。-易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)：混淆be動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)，如誤寫“Wherearethelibrary?”（正確：Whereisthelibrary?）；回答時(shí)遺漏方位短語(yǔ)，如僅說(shuō)“Thelibrary.”（正確：Thelibraryisacrossfromthedininghall.）2.therebe句型：描述“存在”-基本結(jié)構(gòu)：There+be動(dòng)詞（is/are）+主語(yǔ)+方位短語(yǔ)？（表示“某地有某物”，強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀存在，區(qū)別于“have/has”表示“某人擁有某物”）-單數(shù)主語(yǔ)：Thereisalibraryinourschool.我們學(xué)校有一個(gè)圖書館。（不可數(shù)名詞同理：Thereissomewaterinthebottle.瓶子里有一些水）-復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)：Therearemanyclassroomsintheclassroombuilding.教學(xué)樓里有很多教室。-否定句：在be動(dòng)詞后加“not”，some變any（肯定句用some，否定句/疑問(wèn)句用any）。-Thereisnotalibraryinourschool.=Thereisn'talibraryinourschool.-Therearenotanyclassroomsinthebuilding.=Therearen'tanyclassroomsinthebuilding.-一般疑問(wèn)句：將be動(dòng)詞提前至句首，首字母大寫，some變any，句末用問(wèn)號(hào)。-Istherealibraryinyourschool?你們學(xué)校有圖書館嗎？（回答：Yes,thereis./No,thereisn't.）-Arethereanyclassroomsinthebuilding?這棟樓里有教室嗎？（回答：Yes,thereare./No,therearen't.）-易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)：與“have/has”混淆，如誤寫“Ourschoolhasalibrary.”（語(yǔ)法正確，但場(chǎng)景需區(qū)分：描述客觀存在用therebe，強(qiáng)調(diào)“擁有”用have/has）；“就近原則”誤用（therebe句型中，be動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)由“最近的主語(yǔ)”決定，如：Thereisapenandtwobooksonthedesk.桌上有一支筆和兩本書，因“apen”單數(shù)，用is）3.方位介詞：明確“空間關(guān)系”本單元方位介詞需結(jié)合“物體內(nèi)外、距離遠(yuǎn)近”區(qū)分，避免混淆：-infrontofvs.inthefrontof：前者“外部前”，后者“內(nèi)部前”（例：Thebikeisinfrontofthehouse.自行車在房子前面；Thedriverisinthefrontofthecar.司機(jī)在汽車前面）-acrossfromvs.nextto：前者“對(duì)面”（有距離，中間隔空間），后者“緊挨著”（無(wú)距離）（例：Thebankisacrossfromthepark.銀行在公園對(duì)面；Theshopisnexttothepark.商店緊挨著公園）-between...and...：必須連接“兩個(gè)具體事物”，不可連接多個(gè)（例：Thechairisbetweenthedeskandthebed.椅子在桌子和床之間，不可說(shuō)“Thechairisbetweenthedesk,thebedandthesofa.”）（四）發(fā)音：聚焦長(zhǎng)音/短音辨析本單元重點(diǎn)掌握元音音素/u?/（長(zhǎng)音）和/?/（短音）的發(fā)音，通過(guò)“口型大小、發(fā)音時(shí)長(zhǎng)”區(qū)分：-長(zhǎng)音/u?/：口型小而圓，舌頭后縮，發(fā)音持續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)，類似中文“烏”的延長(zhǎng)音。-例詞：school/sku?l/（學(xué)校）、room/ru?m/（房間）、blue/blu?/（藍(lán)色）、too/tu?/（也）-短音/?/：口型比/u?/大且略扁，舌頭位置稍前，發(fā)音短促，類似中文“烏”的短音。-例詞：book/b?k/（書）、look/l?k/（看）、good/ɡ?d/（好的）、put/p?t/（放）-練習(xí)方法：對(duì)比朗讀成對(duì)單詞，感受差異，如“school（/sku?l/）vs.book（/b?k/）”“room（/ru?m/）vs.good（/ɡ?d/）”，避免將“school”誤讀為/sk?l/，將“book”誤讀為/bu?k/。二、單元作文：多場(chǎng)景范文+寫作指導(dǎo)單元作文圍繞“介紹學(xué)校”展開，需結(jié)合“therebe句型”“方位介詞”“核心詞匯”，從不同側(cè)重點(diǎn)（整體介紹、favorite場(chǎng)所、帶朋友參觀）寫作，以下提供3篇范文及寫作思路：（一）范文1：MySchool（整體介紹學(xué)校，全面展示場(chǎng)所與功能）MySchoolIstudyinNo.1MiddleSchool.Itisabeautifulandlargeschool,andIloveitverymuch.Therearemanybuildingsinmyschool.Thebiggestoneistheclassroombuilding.Itisinthemiddleoftheschool.Myclassroomisonthesecondfloorofthisbuilding.Itisbrightandclean,andthereare45desksandchairsinit.Nexttotheclassroombuildingistheteachers'office.Ourteacherspreparelessonsandcorrecthomeworkthereeveryday.Infrontoftheclassroombuilding,thereisabigdininghall.Wehavebreakfast,lunchanddinnerthere.Thefoodinthedininghallisdeliciousandcheap.Acrossfromthedininghallisthelibrary.Thelibraryisquiet,andtherearethousandsofbooksinit.Ioftengotothelibraryafterclasstoreadstorybooksandsciencebooks.Behindtheclassroombuilding,thereisalargesportsfield.WehaveP.E.classesonthesportsfield.Afterschool,manystudentsplayfootball,basketballorrunthere.Itisourfavoriteplacetorelax.Iamluckytostudyinsuchagoodschool.Itgivesmeagoodplacetolearnandgrow.Iwillworkhardtomakemyschoolproudofme.（二）范文2：MyFavoritePlaceinSchool（聚焦“最喜歡的場(chǎng)所”，突出情感與細(xì)節(jié)）MyFavoritePlaceinSchoolEveryschoolhasmanyplaces,liketheclassroom,thedininghallandthesportsfield.Butmyfavoriteplaceinschoolisthelibrary.Iloveitbecauseitisaquietandmagicalplacethatbringsmelotsofhappiness.Thelibraryisonthesecondflooroftheschoolbuilding,acrossfromtheartroom.Whenyouwalkintothelibrary,youwillfirstseeabigdesk.Thelibrarianworksthereandhelpsstudentsborrowbooks.Onbothsidesofthelibrary,therearemanybookshelves.Thebooksaredividedintodifferentkinds:storybooks,sciencebooks,historybooksandpicturebooks.Ilikestorybooksbest,soIoftengotothestorybookarea.Thelibraryisalwaysquiet.Noonetalksloudlythere.Everyonesitsquietlyandreadsbooks.Iusuallytakeabookandsitbythewindow.Thesunshinesthroughthewindow,andIcanenjoythestoryslowly.WhenIreadafunnystory,Ilaughquietly;whenIreadasadstory,Ifeelsorryforthecharacters.Thelibraryletsmeforgetthenoiseoftheschoolandenteraworldofstories.Igotothelibrarytwiceaweek.SometimesIborrowbooksandreadthemathome;sometimesIstayinthelibrarytoread.Thelibraryteachesmenewknowledgeandmakesmelovereadingmore.Itisnotjustaplacetoread,butalsoaplacethatmakesmyschoollifemorecolorful.Thatiswhyitismyfavoriteplaceinschool.（三）范文3：ShowingMyFriendAroundMySchool（以“帶朋友參觀”為視角，體現(xiàn)方位與互動(dòng)）ShowingMyFriendAroundMySchoolLastSaturday,mybestfriendLilycametomyschool.Iwasveryhappytoshowheraroundmyschool.First,ItookLilytotheclassroombuilding.Itisinthecenteroftheschool.Itoldher,"Thisisourclassroombuilding.Myclassroomisonthethirdfloor.WehaveChinese,mathandEnglishclasseshereeveryday."Lilylookedintotheclassroomandsaid,"Yourclassroomissoclean!"Next,wewenttothelibrary.Itisnexttotheclassroombuilding.Isaid,"Thisismyfavoriteplace—thelibrary.Therearemanygoodbookshere.Doyouwanttogoinandhavealook?"Lilynodded.Wewalkedintothelibrary,andshewassurprisedtoseesomanybooks."Ilovereadingtoo,"shesaid."Iwillcomeherewithyounexttime."Then,wewenttothesportsfield.Itisbehindthedininghall.Thereweremanystudentsplayingon