新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法合集與練習(xí)題《新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)》作為英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的經(jīng)典入門教材，其語(yǔ)法體系由淺入深，非常適合打基礎(chǔ)。本文將梳理其中核心基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)，并配以針對(duì)性練習(xí)，幫助學(xué)習(xí)者鞏固理解，為后續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)筑牢根基。語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)貴在應(yīng)用，希望大家在理解規(guī)則的同時(shí)，能通過(guò)練習(xí)熟練掌握。一、核心語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)梳理1.名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)名詞是表示人、事物、地點(diǎn)或抽象概念的詞。英語(yǔ)中，名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分。*單數(shù)：表示一個(gè)人或事物。例如：abook（一本書），anapple（一個(gè)蘋果），astudent（一名學(xué)生）。*復(fù)數(shù)：表示兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或事物。*規(guī)則變化：通常在詞尾加-s。例如：books,apples,students。以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的詞加-es，如buses,boxes,watches,dishes。以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞，變y為i再加-es，如babies,cities。*不規(guī)則變化：需要特殊記憶。例如：man-men,woman-women,child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,mouse-mice,sheep-sheep,deer-deer。2.冠詞(a,an,the)冠詞是虛詞，用在名詞前，幫助說(shuō)明名詞的含義。*不定冠詞a/an：表示“一個(gè)”，用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前。a用于輔音音素開頭的詞前，an用于元音音素開頭的詞前。例如：apen,anegg,auniversity(ju:開頭，輔音音素),anhour(au?開頭，元音音素)。*定冠詞the：表示“這個(gè)”、“那個(gè)”、“這些”、“那些”，用于特指某人或某物。例如：thebookonthedesk（桌上的那本書），thesun（太陽(yáng)，獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物）。*零冠詞：某些情況下，名詞前不加冠詞。例如：復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指時(shí)（Booksarehelpful.），不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時(shí)（Waterisnecessary.），三餐、球類運(yùn)動(dòng)前（havebreakfast,playfootball）。3.代詞(Pronouns)代詞用來(lái)代替名詞，避免重復(fù)。第一冊(cè)中常見(jiàn)的代詞有：*人稱代詞：主格（I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they）和賓格（me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them）。例如：Heisateacher.Ilikehim.*物主代詞：形容詞性物主代詞（my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their）和名詞性物主代詞（mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs）。形容詞性物主代詞后需跟名詞，名詞性物主代詞可獨(dú)立使用。例如：Thisismybook.Thatisyours.*指示代詞：this（這個(gè)）,that（那個(gè)）,these（這些）,those（那些）。例如：Thisisacat.Thosearedogs.4.Be動(dòng)詞的用法Be動(dòng)詞（am,is,are）是英語(yǔ)中最基礎(chǔ)也最常用的動(dòng)詞之一，表示“是”或“存在”。*用法口訣：我（I）用am，你（you）用are，is連著他（he）、她（she）、它（it）。單數(shù)名詞用is，復(fù)數(shù)名詞全用are。*肯定句：主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+...例如：Iamastudent.Sheishappy.Theyareintheroom.*否定句：主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+not+...例如：Iamnottired.Heisnothere.Wearenotlate.(isn't=isnot,aren't=arenot)*一般疑問(wèn)句：Am/Is/Are+主語(yǔ)+...?例如：Areyouready?Isthisyourpen?肯定回答：Yes,主語(yǔ)+am/is/are.否定回答：No,主語(yǔ)+amnot/isn't/aren't.5.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can表示“能，會(huì)，可以”，后接動(dòng)詞原形。*肯定句：主語(yǔ)+can+動(dòng)詞原形+...例如：Icanswim.ShecanspeakEnglish.*否定句：主語(yǔ)+can+not+動(dòng)詞原形+...例如：Icannot(can't)fly.Hecan'tplaythepiano.*一般疑問(wèn)句：Can+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+...?例如：Canyouhelpme?Cantheysing?肯定回答：Yes,主語(yǔ)+can.否定回答：No,主語(yǔ)+can't.6.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示此時(shí)此刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或發(fā)生的事情。*構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞（動(dòng)詞原形+-ing）。*動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞變化：一般加-ing（play-playing）；以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加-ing（make-making,write-writing）；重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫該輔音字母加-ing（run-running,sit-sitting）。*時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞：now,look,listen等。例如：Look!Thebirdissinging.Iamreadingabooknow.*否定句：主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+not+現(xiàn)在分詞+...例如：Heisnot(isn't)watchingTV.*一般疑問(wèn)句：Am/Is/Are+主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞+...?例如：Aretheytalking?7.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或客觀事實(shí)、真理。*構(gòu)成：*主語(yǔ)是第一、二人稱（I,you）及復(fù)數(shù)（we,you,they,復(fù)數(shù)名詞）：動(dòng)詞原形。*主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)（he,she,it,單數(shù)名詞）：動(dòng)詞后加-s或-es。（規(guī)則類似于名詞復(fù)數(shù)，如：like-likes,go-goes,wash-washes,teach-teaches,study-studies）*時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞：often,usually,always,sometimes,everyday/week/month/year等。例如：Igetupearlyeveryday.Sheoftengoestoschoolbybus.Theearthgoesaroundthesun.*否定句：*主語(yǔ)是第一、二人稱及復(fù)數(shù)：主語(yǔ)+do+not+動(dòng)詞原形+...(don't=donot)*主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)：主語(yǔ)+does+not+動(dòng)詞原形+...(doesn't=doesnot)例如：Idon'tlikecoffee.Hedoesn'tplaybasketball.*一般疑問(wèn)句：*主語(yǔ)是第一、二人稱及復(fù)數(shù)：Do+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+...?*主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)：Does+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+...?例如：Doyouhaveapen?Doesshelivehere?8.一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。*構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式+...*動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變化：*規(guī)則變化：動(dòng)詞原形+-ed。（清輔音后讀/t/，濁輔音和元音后讀/d/，/t//d/后讀/id/）例如：work-worked,play-played,want-wanted。*以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，加-d：live-lived,like-liked。*以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變y為i加-ed：study-studied,carry-carried。*重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫該輔音字母加-ed：stop-stopped,plan-planned。*不規(guī)則變化：需要特殊記憶，如：go-went,see-saw,eat-ate,have-had,do-did,is/am-was,are-were,say-said,get-got,make-made。*時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞：yesterday,lastnight/week/month/year,...ago,in+過(guò)去年份等。例如：Iwenttotheparkyesterday.Shehaddinneranhourago.*否定句：主語(yǔ)+did+not+動(dòng)詞原形+...(didn't=didnot)例如：Ididn'tfinishmyhomework.Hedidn'tgothere.*一般疑問(wèn)句：Did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+...?例如：DidyouwatchTVlastnight?肯定回答：Yes,主語(yǔ)+did.否定回答：No,主語(yǔ)+didn't.9.常見(jiàn)介詞(Prepositions)介詞用于表示名詞或代詞與句中其他詞的關(guān)系，如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方向等。第一冊(cè)常見(jiàn)介詞：*時(shí)間介詞：at(atseveno'clock,atnoon),in(inthemorning/afternoon/evening,inMarch,in),on(onMonday,onApril5th,onacoldday)。*地點(diǎn)介詞：in(intheroom,inChina),on(onthedesk,onthewall),under(underthechair),behind(behindthedoor),near(nearthewindow),nextto(nexttotheschool)。10.祈使句祈使句用于表示命令、請(qǐng)求、建議或勸告。通常省略主語(yǔ)you。*否定祈使句：Don't+動(dòng)詞原形+...例如：Don'tbelate.Don'topenthewindow.二、配套練習(xí)題練習(xí)一：用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空(am,is,are)1.I______aboy.2.Myfather______tall.3.They______inthegarden.4.This______mybook.5.You______agoodfriend.6.Thecats______black.7.She______notateacher.8.______youhappy?練習(xí)二：用can或can't填空1.I______swim,butI______fly.2.______youspeakChinese?Yes,I______.3.He______playfootballverywell.4.Mylittlesister______readyet.She______onlydraw.5.______thebirdsing?Yes,it______.練習(xí)三：用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)）1.Listen!Someone______(sing)inthenextroom.2.Mymother______(cook)dinnernow.3.They______(play)basketballontheplayground.4.I______(notread)abook.I______(write)aletter.5.What______you______(do)atthemoment?練習(xí)四：用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）1.Sheoften______(go)toschoolbybike.2.I______(like)icecreamverymuch.3.Myfather______(notwatch)TVeverynight.He______(read)newspapers.5.Thesun______(rise)intheeastand______(set)inthewest.練習(xí)五：用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空（一般過(guò)去時(shí)）1.I______(go)tothezooyesterday.2.She______(see)afilmlastweek.3.They______(noteat)lunchathomeyesterday.They______(eat)inarestaurant.4.______you______(do)yourhomeworklastnight?Yes,I______.5.He______(be)verytiredafterworkyesterday.練習(xí)六：按要求改寫句子1.Heisadoctor.(改為否定句)He____________adoctor.2.TheycanspeakFrench.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句)____________speakFrench?3.Iamreadingastorybook.(改為否定句)I____________astorybook.4.TomplaysfootballeverySunday.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句)______Tom______footballeverySunday?5.Shewentshoppingyesterday.(改為否定句)She____________shoppingyesterday.練習(xí)七：選擇正確的介詞填空(in,on,at,under,behind)1.Thebookis______thedesk.2.Wehavelunch______twelveo'clock.3.Mybirthdayis______June.4.Thecatis______thechair.5.Helives______asmallhouse.6.Thereisatree______thehouse.練習(xí)八：根據(jù)中文提示完成句子（祈使句）1.____________(打開)thewindow,please.2.____________(不要跑)intheclassroom.3.____________(過(guò)來(lái))here,Tom.4.____________(坐下),children.5.____________(不要遲到)again.三、練習(xí)題參考答案練習(xí)一1.am2.i