護理英文面試題目匯總及答案

一、單項選擇題（每題5分，共4題，20分）1.Whentakingapatient'stemperature,whichofthefollowingmethodsisthemostaccurate?A.OraltemperaturemeasurementB.AxillarytemperaturemeasurementC.RectaltemperaturemeasurementD.TympanicmembranetemperaturemeasurementAnswer:C.Rectaltemperaturemeasurementisgenerallyconsideredthemostaccurateasitislessaffectedbyexternalfactorscomparedtooral,axillary,andtympanicmembranemeasurements.Oraltemperaturecanbeaffectedbyrecentfoodordrinkintake,axillarytemperaturemaybeinfluencedbyskinmoistureandclothing,andtympanicmembranetemperaturecanbeaffectedbyearwaxorincorrectprobeplacement.2.Apatientisonalow-saltdiet.Whichfoodshouldberestricted?A.ApplesB.LeanbeefC.CannedsoupD.BrownriceAnswer:C.Cannedsoupusuallycontainsahighamountofsodiumforpreservationpurposes.Apples,leanbeef,andbrownricearerelativelylowinsodiumandcanbeincludedinalow-saltdiet.3.Thenormalrangeofadultheartrateis:A.40-60beatsperminuteB.60-100beatsperminuteC.100-120beatsperminuteD.120-140beatsperminuteAnswer:B.Thenormalheartrateforanadultatrestistypically60-100beatsperminute.Aheartratebelow60beatsperminuteiscalledbradycardia,andabove100beatsperminuteiscalledtachycardia.4.Whichofthefollowingisthemainfunctionofwhitebloodcells?A.TransportoxygenB.StopbleedingC.DefendagainstinfectionD.TransportnutrientsAnswer:C.Whitebloodcellsplayacrucialroleinthebody'simmunesystem,defendingagainstpathogenssuchasbacteria,viruses,andfungi.Redbloodcellsareresponsiblefortransportingoxygen,plateletshelpstopbleeding,andthecirculatorysystemasawholehelpstransportnutrients,butthesearenotthemainfunctionsofwhitebloodcells.二、多項選擇題（每題5分，共4題，20分）1.Whichofthefollowingareimportantnursinginterventionsforapatientwithafracturedlimb?A.RegularlycheckthecirculationoftheaffectedlimbB.KeepthelimbimmobilizedasrequiredC.ProvidepainmanagementD.Encourageearlymobilizationofthenon-affectedlimbsAnswer:ABCD.Regularlycheckingthecirculationoftheaffectedlimbhelpsdetectanysignsofpoorbloodflow,suchasswelling,numbness,orcoolness.Keepingthelimbimmobilizedisessentialforproperfracturehealing.Providingpainmanagementimprovesthepatient'scomfort,andencouragingearlymobilizationofnon-affectedlimbshelpspreventcomplicationslikemuscleatrophyanddeepveinthrombosis.2.Whencaringforapatientwithdiabetes,whataspectsshouldbeincludedinhealtheducation?A.DietcontrolB.RegularexerciseC.Self-monitoringofbloodglucoseD.MedicationcomplianceAnswer:ABCD.Dietcontroliscrucialasithelpsmanagebloodsugarlevels.Regularexercisecanimproveinsulinsensitivity.Self-monitoringofbloodglucoseallowspatientstotracktheirlevelsandadjusttreatmentaccordingly.Medicationcomplianceensuresthatthepatient'sdiabetesisproperlymanaged,whetherit'sthroughoralmedicationsorinsulininjections.3.Whichofthefollowingaresignsandsymptomsofaurinarytractinfection(UTI)?A.FrequenturinationB.PainfulurinationC.CloudyurineD.LowerabdominalpainAnswer:ABCD.Frequenturination(polyuria),painfulurination(dysuria),cloudyurine(duetothepresenceofbacteria,whitebloodcells,etc.),andlowerabdominalpainarecommonsignsandsymptomsofaUTI.4.Whatarethekeypointsinpreventingpressureulcers?A.RegularlyrepositionthepatientB.KeeptheskincleananddryC.UseappropriatesupportsurfacesD.ProvideadequatenutritionAnswer:ABCD.Regularrepositioningrelievespressureonbonyprominences.Keepingtheskincleananddrypreventsskinbreakdown.Appropriatesupportsurfaces,suchaspressure-relievingmattresses,canreducepressure.Adequatenutritionhelpsmaintainskinintegrityandthebody'sabilitytoheal.三、判斷題（每題5分，共4題，20分）1.Whenperformingcardiopulmonaryresuscitation(CPR),thecompression-to-ventilationratioforadultsis15:2.Answer:False.Thecompression-to-ventilationratioforadultsduringCPRis30:2.2.Apatientwithahighfevershouldbecoveredwiththickblanketstokeepwarm.Answer:False.Apatientwithahighfevershouldnotbecoveredwiththickblanketsasthiscantrapheatandmakethefeverworse.Instead,lightclothingandproperventilationshouldbeprovidedtohelpdissipateheat.3.Injectionsofinsulinshouldberotatedamongdifferentinjectionsitestopreventlipodystrophy.Answer:True.Rotatinginjectionsiteshelpspreventthedevelopmentoflipodystrophy(abnormalchangesinfattissue),whichcanaffectinsulinabsorption.4.Allpatientswithahistoryofhypertensionneedtotakeantihypertensivemedicationsforlife.Answer:False.Whilemanypatientswithhypertensionmayrequirelong-termmedication,somepatientsmaybeabletocontroltheirbloodpressurethroughlifestylechangessuchasdiet,exercise,andstressreduction,andmaynotneedlifelongmedication.四、簡答題（每題10分，共2題，20分）1.Describethestepsofperforminghandwashingcorrectly.Answer:-Wethandswithclean,runningwater(warmorcold)andapplysoap.-Rubhandstogethervigorouslyforatleast20seconds.Besuretolatherthebacksofthehands,betweenthefingers,andunderthenails.Agoodwaytotimethisistosing"HappyBirthday"songtwice.-Rinsehandsthoroughlyunderrunningwater.-Dryhandsusingacleantowelorairdryer.Ifusingatowel,useittoturnoffthefaucettoavoidre-contamination.2.Explaintheimportanceofpatienteducationinnursingcare.Answer:-Empowerment:Patienteducationempowerspatientstotakeanactiveroleintheirowncare.Whenpatientsunderstandtheircondition,treatmentoptions,andself-caremeasures,theycanmakeinformeddecisionsabouttheirhealth.-Adherencetotreatment:Educatedpatientsaremorelikelytoadheretotreatmentplans.Theyunderstandtheimportanceoftakingmedicationsasprescribed,followingdietaryrestrictions,andattendingfollow-upappointments,whichimprovestreatmentoutcomes.-Preventionofcomplications:Byeducatingpatientsaboutpotentialcomplicationsoftheirconditionandhowtorecognizeearlysigns,nursescanhelppatientstakepreventivemeasuresandseektimelymedicalhelp,reducingtheriskofseriouscomplications.-Reductionofanxiety:Understandingtheirsituationreducespatientanxiety.Whenpatientsarewell-informed,theyarelesslikelytoworryabouttheunknown,whichcanhaveapositiveimpactontheirpsychologicalwell-beingandoverallrecovery.五、討論題（每題20分，共1題，20分）Discusshowculturaldifferencescanimpactnursingcareandwhatstrategiesnursescanusetoprovideculturallycompetentcare.Answer:Impactofculturaldifferencesonnursingcare:-Communication:Differentculturesmayhavevariouscommunicationstyles.Forexample,someculturesmayvaluedirectcommunication,whileothersprefermoreindirectornon-verbalcues.Thiscanleadtomisunderstandingsduringpatientassessment,education,andcareplanning.-Healthbeliefsandpractices:Culturalbeliefsaboutthecauseofillness,theroleofmedicine,andtraditionalhealingmethodsvarywidely.SomepatientsmayrelyontraditionalremediesalongsideorinsteadofWesternmedicine,whichcaninteractwithprescribedtreatments.Forinstance,someculturesbelievethatillnessisapunishmentfromahigherpower,andthisbeliefmayaffecttheirattitudetowardstreatment.-Familyrolesanddecision-making:Insomecultures,thefamilyplaysacentralroleinhealthcaredecisions,whileinothers,thepatientmaybethesoledecision-maker.Thiscancreatechallengeswhentryingtoobtaininformedconsentorinvolvefamilymembersincare.Strategiesforprovidingculturallycompetentcare:-Self-awareness:Nursesshouldfirstbeawareoftheirownculturalbiasesandbeliefs.Thishelpsthemapproacheachpatientwithoutpreconceivednotionsandbemoreopen-minded.-Culturalassessment:Conductacomprehensiveculturalassessmentofeachpatient.Thisincludesaskingabouttheirculturalbackground,healthbeliefs,familystructure,andanytradition