中考英語不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞全攻略及練習(xí)在初中英語學(xué)習(xí)中，動(dòng)詞無疑是核心中的核心，而不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞則是許多同學(xué)在通往高分道路上的一只“攔路虎”。它們不像規(guī)則動(dòng)詞那樣有章可循，其過去式和過去分詞的變化往往“任性”而為，需要我們投入額外的精力去記憶和掌握。中考英語試卷中，無論是單項(xiàng)選擇、完形填空，還是閱讀理解、書面表達(dá)，都離不開對(duì)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用，而不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞正是構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)的關(guān)鍵要素。因此，攻克不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，是中考英語取得優(yōu)異成績的必備基本功。本文將為你提供一套系統(tǒng)的不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞學(xué)習(xí)攻略，并輔以針對(duì)性練習(xí)，助你掃清障礙，信心滿滿迎接中考。一、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的“前世今生”與重要性英語動(dòng)詞根據(jù)其過去式和過去分詞的構(gòu)成方式，分為規(guī)則動(dòng)詞和不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。規(guī)則動(dòng)詞通常在詞尾加-ed構(gòu)成過去式和過去分詞，而不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化則沒有統(tǒng)一的規(guī)則，它們多由古英語演變而來，保留了當(dāng)時(shí)的拼寫和變化習(xí)慣。雖然現(xiàn)代英語中規(guī)則動(dòng)詞占據(jù)了大多數(shù)，但那些常用的、核心的動(dòng)詞中，不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞卻占有相當(dāng)大的比例。在中考英語中，對(duì)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的考查貫穿于各種題型：*單項(xiàng)選擇：直接考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)（如一般過去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）中不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的正確形式。*完形填空：需要根據(jù)上下文語境判斷動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)，從而選擇正確的不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞形式。*閱讀理解：文章中會(huì)大量出現(xiàn)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式和過去分詞，準(zhǔn)確理解其含義是讀懂文章的基礎(chǔ)。*書面表達(dá)：在敘述過去的事情或表達(dá)完成的動(dòng)作時(shí)，正確使用不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的各種形式是保證語法正確、得分的關(guān)鍵。因此，熟練掌握不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的原形、過去式和過去分詞，不僅是應(yīng)對(duì)考試的需要，更是提升英語綜合運(yùn)用能力的基石。二、攻克不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的“黃金法則”與記憶策略不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞雖然變化多端，但并非無跡可尋，更非只能死記硬背。掌握科學(xué)的記憶方法，可以起到事半功倍的效果。（一）分類記憶法：尋找規(guī)律，抱團(tuán)取暖將不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞按照其過去式和過去分詞的構(gòu)成特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分類，是最常用也最有效的記憶方法之一。1.AAA型（原形、過去式、過去分詞三者同形）：這類動(dòng)詞變化最簡單，記住原形即可。*cost(花費(fèi))-cost-cost*cut(切)-cut-cut*hit(打)-hit-hit*let(讓)-let-let*put(放)-put-put*read(讀)-read-read(注意發(fā)音不同)*set(設(shè)置)-set-set*shut(關(guān)閉)-shut-shut2.AAB型（過去式和過去分詞相同，與原形不同）：*beat(打敗)-beat-beaten3.ABA型（原形與過去分詞相同，過去式不同）：*run(跑)-ran-run4.ABB型（過去式與過去分詞相同，原形不同）：這類動(dòng)詞數(shù)量較多，可以重點(diǎn)關(guān)注。*bring(帶來)-brought-brought*build(建造)-built-built*buy(買)-bought-bought*catch(抓住)-caught-caught*feel(感覺)-felt-felt*find(找到)-found-found*get(得到)-got-got(美式也用gotten)*have/has(有)-had-had*hear(聽見)-heard-heard*hold(握住)-held-held*keep(保持)-kept-kept*leave(離開)-left-left*make(制作)-made-made*meet(遇見)-met-met*pay(支付)-paid-paid*say(說)-said-said*sell(賣)-sold-sold*send(發(fā)送)-sent-sent*sit(坐)-sat-sat*sleep(睡覺)-slept-slept*spend(花費(fèi))-spent-spent*stand(站)-stood-stood*teach(教)-taught-taught*tell(告訴)-told-told*think(想)-thought-thought*understand(理解)-understood-understood*win(贏)-won-won5.ABC型（原形、過去式、過去分詞三者均不同）：這類動(dòng)詞變化最為復(fù)雜，需要重點(diǎn)記憶。*be(是)-was/were-been*begin(開始)-began-begun*break(打破)-broke-broken*do/does(做)-did-done*draw(畫)-drew-drawn*drink(喝)-drank-drunk*drive(駕駛)-drove-driven*eat(吃)-ate-eaten*fall(落下)-fell-fallen*fly(飛)-flew-flown*forget(忘記)-forgot-forgotten/forgot*give(給)-gave-given*go(去)-went-gone*grow(生長)-grew-grown*know(知道)-knew-known*lie(躺)-lay-lain*ride(騎)-rode-ridden*ring(響)-rang-rung*rise(升起)-rose-risen*run(跑)-ran-run(注意，此處雖列為ABC，但實(shí)際run的過去分詞與原形同)*see(看見)-saw-seen*sing(唱)-sang-sung*speak(說)-spoke-spoken*swim(游泳)-swam-swum*take(帶走)-took-taken*throw(扔)-threw-thrown*wear(穿)-wore-worn*write(寫)-wrote-written（二）聯(lián)想記憶法：編織記憶網(wǎng)絡(luò)*形似聯(lián)想：將詞形相近的不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞放在一起記憶。例如：see(saw,seen)和meet(met,met)；teach(taught,taught)和catch(caught,caught)。*義近聯(lián)想：將意義相關(guān)的不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞歸類。例如：表示“拿取”的take(took,taken),bring(brought,brought),fetch(fetched,fetched-注意fetch是規(guī)則變化，但常與前兩者對(duì)比)。*對(duì)比聯(lián)想：將容易混淆的不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行對(duì)比。例如：lie(躺,lay,lain)和lay(放置,laid,laid)。（三）語境記憶法：在句子中活學(xué)活用孤立地背誦單詞表效果往往不佳，將不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞置于具體的句子和語境中記憶，不僅能記住其形式，更能理解其用法。例如：*Igotoschooleveryday.(原形)*Iwenttotheparkyesterday.(過去式)*Shehasgonetothelibrary.(過去分詞)*Heeatsanappleeverymorning.(原形)*Heatetwobananasyesterdayafternoon.(過去式)*Theyhaveeatenallthecakes.(過去分詞)三、針對(duì)性練習(xí)：鞏固提升，學(xué)以致用以下練習(xí)旨在幫助你檢驗(yàn)學(xué)習(xí)成果，鞏固對(duì)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的掌握。請(qǐng)認(rèn)真完成，并核對(duì)答案。練習(xí)一：用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Heusually______(get)upearly,butyesterdayhe______(get)uplate.2.Mymother______(buy)anewdressformelastweek.I______(like)itverymuch.3.They______(go)toBeijinglastsummerholidayand______(take)manyphotosthere.4.She______(see)themovietwice,soshedoesn'twanttoseeitagain.5.I______(do)myhomeworkjustnow.I______(finish)it.6.Thelittlegirl______(fall)offherbikeyesterdayand______(hurt)herknee.7.Myfather______(teach)mehowtoswimwhenIwasyoung.NowIcan______(swim)verywell.8.We______(have)abigdinnerwithourfamilyonNewYear'sEveeveryyear.Lastyear,we______(have)itatmygrandparents'home.9.He______(break)hisglassesyesterday.Heneedsto______(buy)anewpair.10.Thesun______(rise)intheeastand______(set)inthewest.練習(xí)二：句型轉(zhuǎn)換（每空一詞）1.Tomfinishedhishomeworkanhourago.(改為否定句)Tom____________hishomeworkanhourago.2.Theysawafilmlastnight.(改為一般疑問句，并作肯定回答)______they______afilmlastnight?Yes,they______.3.Shehasalreadyreadthisstory.(改為一般疑問句，并作否定回答)______she______thisstory______?No,she______.4.Hecameherethreedaysago.(對(duì)劃線部分提問)____________he______here?練習(xí)三：短文填空（用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）LastSunday,myfriendsandI______(decide)togoforapicnic.We______(meet)attheschoolgateat8o'clockinthemorning.Mike______(bring)somesandwichesandLucy______(carry)abigbasketwithfruitsanddrinks.We______(walk)foraboutanhourandthen______(find)anicespotnearariver.We______(put)downourthingsand______(begin)toenjoythefood.Suddenly,we______(hear)someoneshoutingforhelp.Alittleboy______(fall)intotheriver!Peterwasthefirsttoreact.He______(jump)intothewaterquicklyand______(swim)towardstheboy.Withthehelpofothers,they______(pull)theboyout.Theboy'smother______(thank)usagainandagain.Althoughwe______(noteat)muchofourpicnic,we______(feel)veryhappybecausewe______(help)someoneinneed.Thatday______(teach)usavaluablelesson:helpingothersbringstruehappiness.練習(xí)參考答案練習(xí)一：1.gets,got2.bought,like3.went,took4.hasseen5.did,havefinished/finished6.fell,hurt