專升本閱讀題庫及答案閱讀題1ThefirstmodernOlympicGameswasheldinAthens(雅典)in1896andonlytwelvenationsparticipated.BesidesthehostnationmanyparticipantsweretouristswhohappenedtobeinGreeceatthetime.Althoughthewholeaffairwasdisorganized,theGameswereconsideredasuccessandtheOlympictraditionwasreborn.ThefirstwinterOlympicGameswereheldinChamonix,France,in1924.Athletesfrom25nationsparticipatedineventssuchasskiing,iceskatingandicehockey.ThewinterOlympicswereheldeveryfouryears,followingtheOlympics,forseveralyearsuntil1994.Thentheschedulewaschanged.Startingwiththe1994winterOlympics,thewinterandsummerOlympicsareheldtwoyearsapart.1.ThefirstmodernOlympicGameswereheld_.A.in1896inAthensB.in1924inFranceC.in1994inGreeceD.in1994inChamonix2.HowmanynationsparticipatedinthefirstmodernOlympicGames?A.25B.12C.1896D.19243.ThefirstwinterOlympicGameswereheld_.A.inAthensB.inChamonixC.inGreeceD.inFrance4.WhenwerethewinterandsummerOlympicsheldtwoyearsapart?A.Startingwiththe1994winterOlympicsB.Startingwiththe1994summerOlympicsC.Startingwiththe1924winterOlympicsD.Startingwiththe1896summerOlympics5.ThewinterOlympicswereheldeveryfouryears_.A.until1994B.since1994C.from1924to1994D.bothAandC答案：1.A2.B3.B4.A5.D答案分析：1.文章首句表明首屆現(xiàn)代奧運會1896年在雅典舉辦，選A。2.文中提到首屆現(xiàn)代奧運會只有12個國家參加，選B。3.第二段首句指出第一屆冬奧會在法國夏蒙尼舉辦，選B。4.由“Startingwiththe1994winterOlympics,thewinterandsummerOlympicsareheldtwoyearsapart.”可知選A。5.文中提到冬奧會最初每四年舉辦一次，從1924年到1994年，1994年后時間安排改變，A、C都對，選D。閱讀題2ManypeoplebelievethatAmericanslovetheircarsalmostmorethananythingelse.Itmaybetrue.Fromthetimeyoungstersbecomefourteenyearsoldorevenyounger,theyarelikelytostartdreamingofhavingtheirowncars.Manyyoungpeopleworkafterschoolduringtheirlastyearofhighschoolinordertobuyacar.Learningtodriveandgettingadriver'slicensemaybeoneofthemostexcitingthingsinayoungperson'slife.Peoplewhoalmostnevergotoadoctorwhentheyaresickmaytaketheircarstoamechanicatthesmallestsignofaproblem.ThosewhodonotliketoworkaroundthehomeonSaturdaysandSundaysmaydevotemostofthattimetowashingandwaxingtheircars.Forsomefamiliesitisnotenoughtohaveonecar.Theyoftenhavetwooreventhree.Husbandsneedacartogotowork.Housewivesneedacartogoshoppingortotakethechildrentoschoolorotheractivities.1.InAmerica,youngpeopleprobablybegintowantacarwhen_.A.theybecometeenagersB.theyareoldenoughtodriveC.theygetadriver'slicenseD.theyhavetheirownjobs2.Manyyoungpeopleworkafterschoolto_.A.learntodriveB.getadriver'slicenseC.earnmoneytobuyacarD.supporttheirfamilies3.Peopletaketheircarstoamechanic_.A.whentheyaresickB.whenthereisthesmallestproblemC.whentheyfeelexcitedD.whentheygotowork4.Somefamilieshavemorethanonecarbecause_.A.theyarerichB.theyhavedifferentusesforcarsC.theyliketowashandwaxtheircarsD.theyworkonSaturdaysandSundays5.Themainideaofthispassageisthat_.A.AmericanslovetheircarsB.AmericansaregoodatdrivingC.AmericansareveryrichD.Americansworkhard答案：1.A2.C3.B4.B5.A答案分析：1.文中提到從年輕人14歲甚至更小就開始夢想有自己的車，14歲屬于青少年，選A。2.由“Manyyoungpeopleworkafterschoolduringtheirlastyearofhighschoolinordertobuyacar.”可知選C。3.文中說人們車有一點小問題就會送去修理，選B。4.文中提到丈夫用車上班，家庭主婦用車購物等，說明不同人對車有不同用途，選B。5.文章圍繞美國人熱愛汽車展開，選A。閱讀題3TheEnglishhavethereputationofbeingverydifferentfromallothernationalities.ItisclaimedthatlivingonanislandseparatedfromtherestofEuropehasmuchtodowithit.Whateverthereasons,itmaybefairlystatedthattheEnglishmanhasdevelopedsomeattitudesandhabitsdistinguishinghimfromothernationalities.Broadlyspeaking,theEnglishmanisaquiet,shy,reservedpersonamongpeopleheknowswell.Beforestrangersheoftenseemsinhibited,evenembarrassed.Youhaveonlytowitnessarailwaycompartmentanymorningoreveningtoseethetruth.Seriouslookingbusinessmenandwomensitreadingtheirnewspapersordozinginacorner;noonespeaks.Infact,todosowouldseemmostunusual.AnEnglishman,pretendingtobegivingadvicetooverseasvisitors,oncesuggested,“Onenteringarailwaycompartmentshakehandswithallthepassengers.”Needlesstosay,hewasnotbeingserious.Thereisanunwrittenbutclearlyunderstoodcodeofbehavior,which,ifbroken,makesthepersonimmediatelytheobjectofsuspicion.1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?A.ThedifferencesbetweentheEnglishandothernationalities.B.ThereasonsfortheEnglishman'sdifferentbehavior.C.TheattitudesandhabitsoftheEnglishman.D.ThecodeofbehavioramongtheEnglish.2.Theword“reserved”inParagraph2probablymeans_.A.friendlyB.silentC.talkativeD.active3.Accordingtothepassage,theEnglishman_.A.isfriendlyandtalkativeamongstrangersB.isusuallyquietandshyamongpeopleheknowswellC.alwaysshakeshandswithothersonenteringarailwaycompartmentD.islikelytobetheobjectofsuspicionifhebreaksthecodeofbehavior4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.TheEnglishmanlivesonanislandseparatedfromtherestoftheworld.B.TheEnglishmanhasdevelopedsomeattitudesandhabitsbecauseofthegeographicallocation.C.TheEnglishmanalwaysseemsinhibitedandembarrassedamongpeopleheknowswell.D.TheEnglishmanoftenreadsnewspapersordozesinarailwaycompartmenttoavoidspeakingtoothers.5.Thepassageimpliesthat_.A.theEnglishmanisdifferentfromothernationalitiesmainlybecauseofhischaracterB.theEnglishmanisdifferentfromothernationalitiesmainlybecauseofthegeographicallocationC.theEnglishmanisdifferentfromothernationalitiesmainlybecauseofthecodeofbehaviorD.theEnglishmanisdifferentfromothernationalitiesmainlybecauseoftheunwrittenrules答案：1.C2.B3.D4.B5.B答案分析：1.文章主要講英國人形成的一些態(tài)度和習慣，選C。2.結合語境，此處指英國人在熟人中安靜、害羞、沉默，reserved意為沉默的，選B。3.文中說有不成文行為準則，違反會被懷疑，選D。4.第一段提到生活在與歐洲其他地方隔開的島嶼與英國人的不同有很大關系，選B。5.文章暗示地理位置使英國人形成不同態(tài)度和習慣，選B。閱讀題4Theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofalargepopulationhavelongbeenasubjectofdiscussionamongeconomists.Ithasbeenarguedthatthesupplyofgoodlandislimited.Tofeedalargepopulation,inferiorlandmustbecultivatedandthegoodlandworkedintensively.Thus,eachpersonproduceslessandthismeansaloweraverageincomethancouldbeobtainedwithasmallerpopulation.Othereconomistshavearguedthatalargepopulationgivesmorescopeforspecializationandthedevelopmentoffacilitiessuchasports,roadsandrailways,whicharenotlikelytobebuiltunlessthereisabigdemandtojustifythem.Oneofthedifficultiesincarryingoutaworldwidebirthcontrolprogramliesinthefactthatofficialattitudestopopulationgrowthvaryfromcountrytocountrydependingonthelevelofindustrialdevelopmentandtheavailabilityoffoodandrawmaterials.Inthedevelopingcountrywhereavastlyexpandedpopulationispressingharduponthelimitsoffood,spaceandnaturalresources,itwillbethefirstconcernofgovernmenttoplacealimitonthebirthrate,whatevertheconsequencesmaybe.Inahighlyindustrializedsocietytheproblemmaybemorecomplex.Adecreasingbirthratemayleadtounemploymentbecauseitresultsinadecliningmarketformanufacturedgoods.Whenthepressureofpopulationonhousingdeclines,pricesalsodeclineandthebuildingindustryisweakened.Facedwithconsiderationssuchasthese,thegovernmentofadevelopedcountrymaywellprefertoseeaslowlyincreasingpopulation,ratherthanonewhichisstableorindecline.1.Asmallpopulationmaymean_.A.higherproductivity,butaloweraverageincomeB.lowerproductivity,butahigheraverageincomeC.lowerproductivityandaloweraverageincomeD.higherproductivityandahigheraverageincome2.Accordingtothepassage,alargepopulationwillprovideachancefordeveloping_.A.agricultureB.transportsystemC.industryD.nationaleconomy3.Inadevelopedcountry,peoplewillperhapsgooutofworkif_.A.thebirthrategoesupB.thebirthrategoesdownC.thebirthrateremainsstableD.thereisagreatdemandformanufacturedgoods4.Thepressureofpopulationonhousingwillmake_.A.thehousingpricegoupB.thehousingpricegodownC.thebuildingindustrydevelopfasterD.thebuildingindustrystopdeveloping5.Thegovernmentofadevelopedcountrymayprefer_.A.abigpopulationB.asmallpopulationC.aslowlyincreasingpopulationD.astablepopulation答案：1.D2.B3.B4.A5.C答案分析：1.文中提到人口少每人產(chǎn)出多，平均收入高，即高生產(chǎn)力和高平均收入，選D。2.第一段說人口多能為港口、道路和鐵路等交通設施發(fā)展提供機會，選B。3.第二段指出發(fā)達國家出生率下降會導致失業(yè)，選B。4.人口對住房壓力大，住房價格會上升，選A。5.最后一句表明發(fā)達國家政府可能更希望人口緩慢增長，選C。閱讀題5Theworldisnotonlyhungry;itisalsothirstyforwater.Thismayseemstrangetoyou,sincenearly75%oftheearth'ssurfaceiscoveredwithwater.Butabout97%ofthishugeamountisseawater,orsaltwater.Mancanonlydrinkandusetheother3%thefreshwaterthatcomesfromrivers,lakes,underground,andothersources.Andwecannotevenuseallofthat,becausesomeofitisintheformoficebergsandglaciers.Evenworse,someofithasbeenpolluted.However,asthingsstandtoday,thissmallamountoffreshwater,whichisconstantlybeingreplacedbyrainfall,isstillenoughforus.Butourneedforwaterisincreasingrapidlyalmostdaybyday.Onlyifwetakestepstodealwiththisproblemnowcanweavoidasevereworldwidewatershortagelateron.Weallhavetolearnhowtostopwastingourpreciouswater.Oneofthefirststepsistodevelopwaysofreusingit.Todayinmostlargecities,waterisusedonlyonceandthensentoutintoasewersystem.Fromthereitreturnstotheseaorrunsintoundergroundstoragetanks.Butitispossibletopipeusedwatertoapurifyingplant.Thereitcanbefilteredandtreatedwithchemicalssothatitcanbeusedagain.Butevenifeverylargecitypurifiedandreuseditswater,westillwouldnothaveenough.Wherecouldweturnnext?Totheoceans!Allwe'dhavetodotomakeuseofthevastamountofseawateristoremovethesalt.Thissaltremovingprocessisalreadyinuseinmanypartsoftheworld.1.Theworldisthirstyforwaterbecause_.A.manhasn'tgotenoughfoodtoeatB.wehaven'tgotenoughfreshwaterC.only75%oftheearth'ssurfaceiswaterD.morewaterissentintosewersystems2.Theunderlinedword“precious”inParagraph3means_.A.muchandsaltyB.freshandenoughC.dearandvaluableD.cleananduseful3.Whatshouldwedoifwewanttohaveenoughfreshwater?A.Makefulluseoftheseawater.B.Carrysaltwaterintolakesorrivers.C.Trytosavethefreshwaterasmuchaspossible.D.Alloftheabove.4.Thepassageismainlyabout_.A.theimportanceofthewaterB.theworld'swaterproblemC.thefreshwaterandtheseawaterD.thewaysoftreatingpollutedwater答案：1.B2.C3.D4.B答案分析：1.文中提到地球雖大部分被水覆蓋，但能使用的淡水少，世界缺水是因為沒有足夠淡水，選B。2.淡水有限且對人類重要，precious意為珍貴的，選C。3.文中提到要節(jié)約用水、再利用水、淡化海水，A、B、C都對，選D。4.文章圍繞世界的水問題展開，選B。閱讀題6TheInternethasledtoahugeincreaseincreditcardfraud.Yourcardinformationcouldevenbeforsaleinanillegalwebsite.Websitesofferingcheapgoodsandservicesshouldberegardedwithcare.Onlineshopperswhoentertheircreditcardinformationmayneverreceivethegoodstheythoughttheybought.ThethievesthengoshoppingwithyourcardnumberorselltheinformationovertheInternet.Computershackershavebrokendownsecuritysystems,raisingquestionsaboutthesafetyofcardholderinformation.Severalmonthsago,25,000customersofCDUniverse,anonlinemusicretailer,werenotlucky.Theirnames,addressesandcreditcardnumberswerepostedonaWebsiteaftertheretailerrefusedtopayUS$157,828togetbacktheinformation.Creditcardfirmsarenowfightingagainstonlinefraud.MasterCardisworkingonplansforWebonlycreditcard,withalowercreditlimit.Thecardcouldbeusedonlyforshoppingonline.However,thereareafewsimplestepsyoucantaketokeepfrombeingcheated.Askaboutyourcreditcardfirm'sonlinerules:UnderBritishlaw,cardholdersareresponsibleforthefirstUS$78ofanyfraudulentspending.Andshoponlyatsecuresites:SendyourcreditcardinformationonlyiftheWebsiteoffersadvancedsecuresystem.Ifthesecurityisinplace,aletterwillappearinthebottomrighthandcornerofyourscreen.TheWebsiteaddressmayalsostartwith“https”theextra“s”standsforsecure.Ifindoubt,giveyourcreditcardinformationoverthetelephone.1.WhatdomostpeopleworryabouttheInternetaccordingtothispassage?A.ManyillegalwebsitesareontheInternet.B.FraudontheInternet.C.Manywebsitesaredestroyed.D.ManyhackersareontheInternet.2.Howcanthethievesgetthecreditcardinformation?A.TheyordergoodsbygivingthecardinformationovertheInternet.B.Theystealtheinformationfromwebsites.C.Theycollectinformationfromretailers.D.Theybuytheinformationfromillegalwebsites.3.Howmanypiecesofadvicedoesthepassagegivetoyou?A.Four.B.Three.C.Two.D.One.4.Youareshoppingonthesite:http://www.S,andyouwanttobuyaTVset,whatdoesthisarticlesuggesttodo?A.OrdertheTVsetatonce.B.DonotbuytheTVsetonthissite.C.PhonethesellerabouttheTVset.D.PayfortheTVsetusingyourcreditcard.5.What'sthemeaningof“fraud”inthepassage?A.Cheating.B.Sale.C.Payment.D.Safety.答案：1.B2.B3.B4.B5.A答案分析：1.文章開頭指出互聯(lián)網(wǎng)導致信用卡欺詐大幅增加，人們擔心網(wǎng)絡欺詐，選B。2.由“Computershackershavebrokendownsecuritysystems”可知小偷從網(wǎng)站竊取信息，選B。3.文中給出詢問信用卡公司規(guī)則、在安全網(wǎng)站購物、有疑問電話提供信息三條建議，選B。4.安全網(wǎng)站地址以“https”開頭，該網(wǎng)站是“http”，不安全，不應在此購物，選B。5.結合文意，fraud指欺詐、欺騙，選A。閱讀題7Theappealofadvertisingtobuyingmotivescanhavebothnegativeandpositiveeffects.Consumersmaybeconvincedtobuyaproductofpoorqualityorhighpricebecauseofanadvertisement.Forexample,someadvertisershaveappealedtopeople'sdesireforbetterfueleconomyfortheircarsbyadvertisingautomotiveproductsthatimprovegasolinemileage.Someoftheproductswork.Othersareworthlessandawasteofconsumers'money.Sometimesadvertisingisintentionallymisleading.Afewyearsagoabrandofbreadwasofferedtodieters(節(jié)食者)withthemessagethattherewerefewercalories(熱量單位，卡路里)ineveryslice.Itturnedoutthatthebreadwasnotdietetic(適合于節(jié)食的),butjustregularbread.Therewerefewercaloriesbecauseitwasslicedverythin,buttherewerethesamenumberofcaloriesineveryloaf.Onthepositiveside,emotionalappealsmayrespondtoaconsumer'srealconcerns.Considerfireinsurance.Fireinsurancemaybesoldbyappealingtofearofloss.Butfearoflossistherealreasonforfireinsurance.Thesecurityofknowingthatpropertyisprotectedbyinsurancemakesthepurchaseoffireinsuranceaworthwhileinvestmentformostpeople.Ifconsumersconsiderthequalityoftheinsuranceplansaswellasthemessageintheads,theywillbenefitfromtheadvertising.Eachconsumermustevaluateherorhisownsituation.Arethebenefitsoftheproductimportantenoughtojustifythepurchase?Advertisingisintendedtoappealtoconsumers,butitdoesnotforcethemtobuytheproduct.Consumersstillcontrolthefinalbuyingdecision.1.Advertisingcanpersuadetheconsumertobuyworthlessproductsby_.A.stressingtheirhighqualityB.convincinghimoftheirlowpriceC.appealingtohisbuyingmotivesD.appealingtohisfearofloss2.Thereasonwhythebreadadvertisementismisleadingisthat_.A.thinslicesofbreadcouldcontainmorecaloriesB.theloafwascutintoregularslicesC.thebreadwasnotgenuinebreadD.thetotalnumberofcaloriesintheloafremainedthesame3.Thepassagetellsusthat_.A.advertisementsoccasionallyforceconsumersintobuyingthingsB.thebuyingmotivesofconsumersarecontrolledbyadvertisementsC.sometimesadvertisementsreallysellwhattheconsumerneedsD.fireinsuranceisseldomaworthwhileinvestment4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatasmartconsumershould_.A.thinkcarefullyaboutthebenefitsdescribedintheadvertisementsB.guardagainstthedeceivingnatureofadvertisementsC.befamiliarwithvariousadvertisingstrategiesD.avoidbuyingproductsthathavestrongemotionalappeal5.Thepassageismainlyabout_.A.howtomakeawisebuyingdecisionB.waystoprotecttheinterestsoftheconsumerC.thepositiveandnegativeaspectsofadvertisingD.thefunctionofadvertisementsinpromotingsales答案：1.C2.D3.C4.A5.C答案分析：1.文章開頭表明廣告通過激發(fā)購買動機讓消費者購買無價值產(chǎn)品，選C。2.面包切片薄但每塊面包總熱量不變，廣告有誤導性，選D。3.文中提到廣告有積極一面，有時能滿足消費者真正需求，選C。4.消費者應評估自身情況，思考廣告中產(chǎn)品好處，選A。5.文章主要講廣告的正負兩方面影響，選C。閱讀題8Inancienttimesthemostimportantexaminationswerespoken,notwritten.IntheschoolsofancientGreeceandRome,testingusuallyconsistedofsayingpoetryaloudorgivingspeeches.IntheEuropeanuniversitiesoftheMiddleAges,studentswhowereworkingforadvanceddegreeshadtodiscussquestionsintheirfieldofstudywithpeoplewhohadmadeaspecialstudyofthesubject.Thiscustomexiststodayaspartoftheprocessoftestingcandidatesforthedoctor'sdegree.Generally,however,modernexaminationsarewritten.Thewrittenexamination,whereallstudentsaretestedonthesamequestions,wasprobablynotknownuntilthenineteenthcentury.Perhapsitcameintoexistencewiththegreatincreaseinpopulationandthedevelopmentofmodernindustry.Aroomfullofcandidatesforastateexamination,timedexactlybyelectricclocksandcarefullywatchedoverbymanagers,resemblesagroupofworkersatanautomobilefactory.Generally,duringexaminationsteachersandstudentsareexpectedtoactlikemachines.Onetypeoftestissometimescalledan“objective”test.Itisintendedtodealwithfacts,notpersonalopinions.Tomakeupanobjectivetesttheteacherwritesaseriesofquestions,eachofwhichhasonlyonecorrectanswer.Alongwitheachquestiontheteacherwritesthecorrectanswerandalsothreestatementsthatlooklikeanswerstostudentswhohavenotlearnedthematerialproperly.1.IntheMiddleAgesstudents_.A.tookobjectivetestsB.weretimedbyelectricclocksC.specializedinonesubjectD.neverwroteexams2.ThemainideaofParagraph3isthat_.A.workersnowtakeexaminationsB.thepopulationhasgrownC.thereareonlywrittenexamstodayD.modernindustrydevelopsrapidly3.Thekindofexamswherestudentsmustselectanswersare_.A.personalB.spokenC.objectiveD.written4.Modernindustrymusthavedeveloped_.A.beforetheMiddleAgesB.aroundthenineteenthcenturyC.inGreeceorRomeD.machinestotaketests5.Itmaybeconcludedthattesting_.A.shouldtestonlyopinionsB.shouldalwaysbewrittenC.haschangedsincetheMiddleAgesD.isgivenonlyinfactories答案：1.D2.C3.C4.B5.C答案分析：1.中世紀學生通過討論獲取學位，不進行筆試，選D。2.第三段主要說現(xiàn)代考試通常是筆試，選C。3.客觀測試是學生從選項中選答案，選C。4.文中說筆試19世紀出現(xiàn)，可能隨人口增長和現(xiàn)代工業(yè)發(fā)展而產(chǎn)生，選B。5.從古代到現(xiàn)代考試方式有變化，選C。閱讀題9Thehumanbraincontains10thousandmillioncellsandeachofthesemayhaveathousandconnections.Suchenormousnumbersusedtodiscourageusandcauseustodismissthepossibilityofmakingamachinewithhumanlikeability,butnowthatwehavegrownusedtomovingforwardatsuchapacewecanbelesssure.Quitesoon,inonly10or20yearsperhaps,wewillbeabletoassembleamachineascomplexasthehumanbrain,andifwecanwewill.Itmaythentakeusalongtimetorenderitintelligentbyloadingintherightsoftware(軟件)orbyalteringthearchitecturebutthattoowillhappen.Ithinkitcertainthatindecades,notcenturies,machinesofsilicon(硅)willarisefirsttorivalandthenexceedtheirhumanancestors.Oncetheyexceedustheywillbecapableoftheirowndesign.Inarealsensetheywillbeabletoreproducethemselves.Siliconwillhaveendedcarbon'slongcontrol.Andwewillnolongerbeabletoclaimourselvestobethefinestintelligenceintheknownuniverse.Astheintelligenceofrobotsincreasestomatchthatofhumansandastheircostdeclinesthrougheconomiesofscalewemayusethemtoexpandourfrontiers,firstonearththroughtheirabilitytowithstandenvironments,harmfultoourselves.Thus,desertsmaybloomandtheoceanbedsbemined.Furtherahead,byacombinationofthegreatwealththisnewagewillbringandthetechnologyitwillprovide,theconstructionofavast,mancreatedworldinspace,hometothousandsormillionsofpeople,willbewithinourpower.1.Inwhatwaycanwemakeamachineintelligent?A.Bymakingitworkinsuchenvironmentsasdeserts,oceansorspace.B.Byworkinghardfor10or20years.C.Byeitherproperlyprogrammingitorchangingitsstructure.D.Byreproducingit.2.Whatdoesthewriterthinkaboutmachineswithhumanlikeability?A.Hebelievestheywillbeusefultohumanbeings.B.Hebelievesthattheywillcontrolusinthefuture.C.Heisnotquitesureinwhatwaytheymayinfluenceus.D.Hedoesn'tconsidertheconstructionofsuchmachinespossible.3.Theword“carbon”(Line4,Para.2)standsfor_.A.intelligentrobotsB.achemicalelementC.anorganicsubstanceD.humanbeings4.Arobotcanbeusedtoexpandourfrontierswhen_.A.itsintelligenceandcostarebeyondquestionB.itisabletobeartheroughenvironmentC.itismadeascomplexasthehumanbrainD.itsarchitectureisdifferentfromthatofthepresentones5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_.A.aftertheinstallationofagreatnumberofcellsandconnections,robotswillbecapableofselfreproductionB.withtherapiddevelopmentoftechnology,peoplehavecometorealizethepossibilityofmakingamachinewithhumanlikeabilityC.oncewemakeamachineascomplexasthehumanbrain,itwillpossessintelligenceD.robotswillhavecontrolofthevast,manmadeworldinspace答案：1.C2.A3.D4.A5.B答案分析：1.文中提到通過加載合適軟件或改變架構讓機器變智能，選C。2.作者認為機器能幫助人類拓展領域，對人類有用，選A。3.這里carbon與silicon對比，指人類，選D。4.當機器人智能提高且成本降低時可用于拓展領域，選A。5.從過去認為造有人類能力的機器不可能到現(xiàn)在觀念轉變，說明隨技術發(fā)展人們意識到其可能性，選B。閱讀題10Theagriculturerevolutioninthenineteenthcenturyinvolvedtwothings:theinventionoflaborsavingmachineryandthedevelopmentofscientificagriculture.Laborsavingmachinerynaturallyappearedfirstwherelaborwasscarce.“InEurope,”saidThomasJefferson,“theobjectistomakethemostoftheirland,laborbeingabundant;hereitistomakethemostofourlabor,landbeingabundant.”ItwasinAmerica,therefore,thatthegreatadvancesinnineteenthcenturyagriculturalmachineryfirstcame.Attheopeningofthecentury,withtheexceptionofacrudeplow,farmerscouldhavecarriedpracticallyalloftheexistingagriculturaltoolsontheirbacks;by1860,mostofthemachineryinusetodayhadbeendesignedinanearlyform.Themostimportantoftheearlyinventionswastheironplow.Asearlyas1790CharlesNewboldofNewJerseyhadbeenworkingontheideaofacastironplowandspenthisentirefortuneinintroducinghisinvention.Thefarmers,however,wouldhavenoneofit,claimingthattheironpoisonedthesoilandmadetheweedsgrow.Nevertheless,manypeopledevotedtheirattentiontotheplow,untilin1837JohnDeerepatentedasteelplowwhichwasactuallyanimprovementontheearliercastironmodel.1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?A.Theagriculturerevolutioninthenineteenthcentury.B.Theinventionoflaborsavingmachinery.C.Thedevelopmentofscientificagriculture.D.TheagriculturaltoolsinAmerica.2.Theword“scarce”inParagraph1means_.A.limitedB.abundantC.cheapD.expensive3.WhydidlaborsavingmachinerynaturallyappearfirstinAmerica?A.Becauselaborwasscarcethere.B.Becauselandwasscarcethere.C.Becauselaborwasabundantthere.D.Becauselandwasexpensivethere.4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.By1860,allofthemachineryinusetodayhadbeeninvented.B.Theironplowwasnotwelcomedbyfarmersatfirst.C.CharlesNewboldspentlittlemoneyinintroducinghiscastironplow.D.JohnDeereinventedthefirstplowin1837.5.Thepassageimpliesthat_.A.theagriculturerevolutioninthenineteenthcenturywasmainlyabouttheinventionoflaborsavingmachineryB.theagriculturerevolutioninthenineteenthcenturywasmainlyaboutthedevelopmentofscientificagricultureC.theagriculturerevolutioninthenineteenthcenturyinvolvedboththeinventionoflaborsavingmachineryandthedevelopmentofscientificagricultureD.theagriculturerevolutioninthenineteenthcenturyhadlittletodowiththeinventionoflaborsavingmachineryandthedevelopmentofscientificagriculture答案：1.A2.A3.A4.B5.C答案分析：1.文章圍繞19世紀農(nóng)業(yè)革命展開，選A。2.scarce意為稀少的、有限的，選A。3.文中說省力機械首先出現(xiàn)在勞動力稀缺的地方，美國勞動力稀缺，選A。4.農(nóng)民起初不接受鐵犁，認為會毒害土壤，選B。5.文章首句表明19世紀農(nóng)業(yè)革命包括省力機械發(fā)明和科學農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展，選C。閱讀題11Therailroadindustrycouldnothavegrownaslargeasitdidwithoutsteel.Thefirstrailsweremadeofiron.Butironrailswerenotstrongenoughtosupportheavytrainsrunningathighspeeds.Railroadexecutiveswantedtoreplacethemwithsteelrailsbecausesteelwastenorfifteentimesstrongerandlastedtwentytimeslonger.Beforethe1870s,however,steelwastooexpensivetobewidelyused.Itwasmadebyaslowandexpensiveprocessofheating,stirring,andreheatingironore.ThentheinventorHenryBessemerdiscoveredthatdirectingablastofairatmeltedironinafurnacewouldburnouttheimpuritiesthatmadetheironbrittle.Astheairshotthroughthefurnace,thebubblingmetalwoulderuptinshowersofsparks.Whenthefirecooled,themetalhadbeenchanged,orconverted,tosteel.TheBessemerconvertermadepossiblethemassproductionofsteel.Nowthreetofivetonsofironcouldbechangedintosteelinamatterofminutes.Justwhenthedemandformoreandmoresteeldeveloped,prospectorsdiscoveredhugenewdepositsofironoreintheMesabiRange,a120milelongregioninMinnesotanearLakeSuperior.TheMesabidepositsweresonearthesurfacethattheycouldbeminedwithsteamshovels.Bessemer'sinventionmadepossiblethegreatergrowthoftherailroadindustry.Morerailsmeantmoretrains.Moretrainsmeantmorefactoriesandbusiness.Andmorefactoriesandbusinessmeantmoreworkersandconsumers.Withthegrowthoftherailroadindustry,theAmericaneconomyexpandedduringtheSecondIndustrialRevolution.1.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestherelation