甘肅省白銀市靖遠(yuǎn)縣2025屆高三上學(xué)期第一次全縣聯(lián)考英語試題一、閱讀理解AProfessorofMathematicsandAITheSchoolofMathematicalSciencesatLancasterUniversityisseekingtoappointaprofessortotakeaprominent,strategicroleintheleadershipofMathematicsforAIinReal-worldSystems(MARS),LancasterUniversity.MARS,whichisfundedbya￡12minvestmentfromResearchEngland,willconductresearchandteachingattheinterface(界面)ofdynamicalmathematicalmodellingandartificialintelligence(AI),withafocusonusingappliedmathematicstoaddressreal-worldchallenges.AspartoftheseniorMARSleadershipgroup,youwillberesponsibleforshapingtheformationanddirectionofthisnew10FTE(全職員工)unitwithintheSchoolofMathematicalSciences.YouwillhaveanoutstandingtrackrecordofresearchinthemathematicsofAIand/orappliedmathematicsofreal-worldchallenges,demonstrableexperienceofbuildingapositive,inclusiveandcollaborativeresearchculture,andavocationfornurturingstaffanddevelopinganoutward-facingtalentpipeline.YouwillbeabletoevidenceexcellenceinscientificleadershipandtheabilitytobringthistoMARS,thewiderSchoolandtheUniversity.Astrongtrackrecordofsecuringexternalresearchfundingandpublishingininternationally-leadingMathematicalSciencesjournalsisessential.Ideally,youwillhaveanapplicationfocusinatleastoneofthefollowingMARSkeyapplicationareas:cybersecurity,engineering,environmentandhealth.Youwillhaveconsiderableexperienceoftranslatingfoundationalmathematicalfindingsintoreal-worldsolutions,throughpartnershipsoutsideoftheacademicsector,andwillbeabletofosternewcollaborationswithresearchersfromotherdisciplinesandwithnon-academicorganisations.YouwillbeanenthusiasticambassadorforMARSandforthedisciplineofmathematics.Thisisafull-time,indefinitepostandflexibleworkingarrangementswillbeconsidered.InformalenquiriesshouldbemadetotheHeadofMARS,ProfessorChrisJewellc.jewell@lancaster.ac.ukortheDirectorofResearch,ProfessorRebeccaKillickr.killick@lancaster.ac.uk.1．WhatistheprimarygoalofMARSatLancasterUniversity?A．ToteachAIwithoutusingappliedmathematics.B．Tofundvariousscientificresearchprojects.C．Totacklepracticalissuesthroughappliedmathematics.D．Toresearchdynamicalmathematicalmodelling.2．WhatisoneoftheapplicationareasforMARS?A．Onlinesafety. B．Legalservices.C．Spacetechnology. D．Educationresources.3．WhatcanbeexpectedfromtheMARSProfessorposition?A．Apart-timerole. B．Flexibleworktime.C．Informalinterviews. D．Ashort-termcontract.二、BNearlythreedecadesago,BrazilianphotojournalistSebastiāoreturnedfromhisassignmentinEastAfrica,shockedtofindhisfamily'sonceboomingcattlefarmhadbecomealmostawasteland.Hiswife,Lelia,equallyheartbrokenbythedestructionoftheonce-vibrant(充滿生機(jī)的)land,proposedanideathatseemedalmostasenormousandimpossibleasthebarrenness(荒蕪)beforethem—replanttheforest.In1998,embracingthechallengewithdeterminationandadeep-seateddesiretoreviveacrucialpartoftheircountryandfamilyhistory,SebastiāoandLeliaestablishedtheInstitutoTerra,anenvironmentalgroupdedicatedtothesustainabilityoftheValleyoftheRiverDoce.Itbecameashipthroughwhichtheywouldsailonadifficultjourneytohealthelandandinmanyways,themselves.Thecouple,alongwiththeirteam,embarkedonajourneytoreplantandrebuildthe1,754-acreplotofland.Slowly,thebarrendesertthatSebastiāoreturnedtobegantotransform,wasblossomingintothelushparadisethathadonceexistedonlyinhismemories.Now,theregionstandsasatestamenttowhatcanbeachievedwithdedicationandadream.ItisrecognizedasaPrivateNaturalHeritageReserve,asanctuarywherenaturehasbeengiventhespaceandsupporttoreclaimitsrightfulplace.Theonce-barrencattlefarmisnotonlythrivingbuthasalsobecomeashelterforhundredsofspeciesofanimalsandplants.Theland,nowvibrantandalive,hosts293speciesoftrees,172speciesofbirds,33speciesofmammals,and15speciesofreptilesandamphibians,manyofwhichareendangeredandhavefoundasaferefugeinthisrefreshedenvironment.Sebastiāoreflectsonthetransformation,sharing,"Alltheinsectsandbirdsandfishreturned,and,thankstothisincreaseofthetrees,I,too,wasreborn—thiswasthemostimportantmoment."4．HowwasthefarmwhenSebastiaoreturnedfromEastAfrica?A．Vibrantandalive. B．Messyandnoisy.C．Overgrownandenormous. D．Barrenanddeserted.5．HowdidSebastiāoandLeliadealwiththechallengefacingthem?A．Throughashipjourney. B．Throughteameffort.C．Throughgovernmentsupport. D．Throughsocialdonation.6．Whatdothefiguresinparagraph5indicate?A．Thesuccessofthecouple'swork.B．Thespeciesthecouplehopetosave.C．Theoriginalstateofthecattlefarm.D．Thenumberofwildlifeinneedofhelp.7．WhatcanwelearnfromSebastiāo'sstory?A．Badluckoftenbringsgoodluck.B．Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.C．Wherethere'sawill,there'saway.D．Whatdoesn'tkillyoumakesyoustronger.三、CFacialexpressionsareanimportantpartofhumancommunicationthatallowustoconveyouremotions.Scientistshavefoundsimilarsignalsofemotioninothermammalssuchasdogs,pigsandmice.Althoughbirdscanproducefacialexpressionsbymovingtheirheadfeathersandflushing(發(fā)紅)theirskin,itisunclearwhethertheyexpressemotionsinthisway.Toinvestigate,researchersfromINRAEandCNRS,France,filmed18femaledomesticchickensfromtwobreeds,astheyperformedroutinebehaviorsonaFrenchfarm.Theyalsofilmedthebirdswhilebeingcapturedandheldbyahuman,andwhilebeingrewardedwithanappealingfood.Theresearchersanalyzedthepositionoftheirfacialfeathersandthecoloroftheexposedskinontheirfacesinsevencontextsthatdifferedintheiremotionalvalence(效價(jià))andlevelofexcitement.Forexample,birdspreentheirfeatherswhentheyarerelaxedandcontent,whereasreceivingarewardingfoodgenerallycausesexcitementandhappiness,andbeingcapturedisanexcitingbutfearfulexperience.Theresultssuggestedthatthepositionoftheheadfeathersandthecoloroftheskinvariedbetweencontexts.Fluffing(抖松)headfeathersweremainlyassociatedwithastateofcontentment,whereasflushingindicatedthatthebirdswerepositivelyexcitedorfearful.Thestudyisthefirsttoinvestigatefacialdisplaysofemotioninchickens,andsuggeststhatdomestichensusefacialexpressionstoshowtheiremotions,muchlikehumansandothermammalsdo.Thesefindingsofferawindowintotheemotionalexperiencesofdomesticbirds,whichcouldbeusedtoimprovethewelfareoffarmedpoultry(家禽),theresearcherssay.Theskinflushingonthefaceofthedomesticbirdsisawindowintotheiremotions.Theintensityoftheflushingvarieswithinafewsecondsdependingontheemotionalsituationstheyexperience,theresearchersadd.8．Whatweretheresearcherstryingtounderstandaboutchickens?A．Whytheymovetheirheadfeathers.B．Howtheirfacesshowtheiremotions.C．Howtheycommunicatewithhumans.D．Whattheyneedtoeattostayhealthy.9．Whydidtheresearchersfilmthechickensinvarioussituations?A．Torecordtheirdailyactivities.B．Tochecktheimpactofweather.C．Tocomparethemwithmammals.D．Toobservetheiremotionalresponses.10．Inwhichcasewillahenfluffitsheadfeathers?A．Whenit'ssatisfied. B．Whenit'sfearful.C．Whenit'stired. D．Whenit'sexcited.11．Whatfieldmighttheresearchbeappliedto?A．Psychology. B．Biology. C．Agriculture. D．Communication.四、DDepressionistheleadingcauseofdisabilityworldwideandisassociatedwithdisruptionstoseveralbrainandpsychologicalprocesses,includingimpairedlearningandmemory.Physicalactivity,especiallyaerobic(有氧的)exercise,hasbeenfoundtoreducedepressivesymptoms,butuntilnowtheprocessesbehindthishavebeenpoorlyunderstood.InanewreviewarticlepublishedinTranslationalPsychiatry,researchersproposeanovelassumptiontounderstandtheantidepressanteffectsofexercise.Theybelievethattheprocessmayhingeonmotivation,whichisveryimportantforrelievinganumberofsymptomsofdepression,suchasanhedonia(alackofinterestorjoyinlife'sexperiences),lowenergyand"brainfog".Theteamsummarisedresearchpapersexploringthemechanisms(機(jī)制)ofdepressioninbothhumansandanimalsandconcludedthatdepression,especiallyanhedonia,isassociatedwithincreasedinflammation(炎癥)causedbythebody'simmuneresponse.Importantly,inflammationisalsolinkedtodisruptingdopaminetransmission.Thesebiologicalchangesmayrepresentkeyprocessesleadingtochangesinmotivation,andinparticularalowerwillingnesstomakephysicalormentaleffort.Meanwhile,exercisereducesinflammation,boostsdopaminefunction,andenhancesmotivation.Theresearchersbelievethatthiscouldbeanimportantreasonastowhyexercisehasanantidepressanteffect.Theteamhopethatthisunderstandingofhowexercisereducessymptomsofdepressionwillhelptoinformthedevelopmentofnewtreatmentstrategies—suchaspersonalisedexerciseprogrammes.DrEmilyHird(UCLInstituteofCognitiveNeuroscience)said,"Understandingthemechanismsbehindtheantidepressanteffectsofphysicalactivityindepressioncouldalsoinformourunderstandingofthemechanismscausingdepressionandthedevelopmentofnovelinterventionstrategies,inparticular,personalisedintervention,andsocialprescribing.""Itwouldbeimportanttoinvestigateanypotentialbarriertoexercise,"DrHirdadded."Addressingbarrierstoexercise—particularlyinpeoplewithdepression—iscrucial,asregularphysicalactivitymaybeabletorelievesymptoms,enhancemoodandempowerindividualsontheirpathtorecovery.Aspartofthis,findingstrategiestoencourageexerciseiskey."12．Whatistheimpactofdepressionworldwide?A．Itisthemostwidespreadillness.B．Itistheleadingcauseofdeath.C．Itleadstohighrateofdisability.D．Itbecomesthefocusofhealth.13．Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedpart"hingeon"inparagraph2?A．workon B．dependon C．puton D．geton14．Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A．Thereasonsbehinddepression.B．Theconsequencesofinflammation.C．Thewaythebody'simmunesystemresponse.D．Themainpointoftheresearchteam.15．WhatdoesDrHirdstressinthelastparagraph?A．Barrierstotakingaerobicexercise.B．Theimportanceofaerobicexercise.C．Pathstorecoveryfromdepression.D．Propermethodsofencouragingexercise.五、閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。16．Doyouhavethosedayswhenyousaytoyourself"Idon'tneedschool"orwhenyoujustcan'tfindthemotivationtopayattentioninschoolorgetyourhomeworkdone?Herearesometipstokeepyourselfmotivatedinschoolsothatyoucansucceedandachieveyourgoals.Setconcreteacademicgoals.Ifyoujustwantto"dobetter"inschool,doesthatmeananA?OraB?Areyoujusttryingtopass?Sitdownandsetspecificbenchmarksforyourself.Youmightsayyouwanttomaintainatleasta3.0GPA,orthatyouwanttogetatleastanA—inhistorythisyear.Studyefficiently.Avoidcrammingandfocusoncreatingyourownunderstanding.It'seasytojustsitinfrontofyourbookandreadpassivelywithoutreallyabsorbingtheinformation.Ifyoufinditmostefficienttofocusononesubjectatatime,dothat.Ifbouncingbetweenafewsimilarsubjectshelpsyoustayontask,that'sfine,too.Thiswillhelpyoucommitthematerialtomemory.It'sbettertospend10-15minutesstudyingeverynightthantotryandstuffeverythingintoonestudysessionthenightbeforethebigtest.Researchhasshownthatstuffingisoneoftheleastefficientwaystoprepareforatest,soavoiditatallcosts.Takecareofyourbody.Getplentyofsleep,eatahealthydiet,andexerciseregularly.Youcannotstaymotivatedifyou'resophysicallyundertheweatherthatyourbodycan'tfocus.Get8hoursofsleep—especiallyonschoolnights.A.Stayfocusedwithmindfulnesstricks.B.Studyinawaythatmakesthemostsensetoyou.C.It'seasiertostaymotivatedifyouhavespecificgoals.D.Revieweverythingyoulearnedattheendofeachstudysession.E.It'saloteasiertostaymotivatedifyouknowyou'regoingtorelaxeventually.F.Eatadiverse,healthydietandgetplentyofphysicalactivitytoensureyou'reintip-topshape.G.You'renotalone,butdoingwellinschoolwillsetyouuptohavethelifeyouwantdowntheroad.六、閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。SawyerMcCarthycommunicatesbestthroughmusic.The13-year-oldfromSouthCarolinais17．.Buthisothersenses-likehis18．-arestrong.InApril,hesangthenationalanthemataColumbiaFirefliesgame,19．millionsofviewersaroundtheworld.Withnosinginglessonsuntilveryrecently,Sawyerhas20．thisfarwithnothingbuthisnaturaltalent.Sawyerwasbornblindbuthismother,Brianna,didn't21．untilhewas3monthsold.ShewastakingSawyerforastroll(散步)outsideandnoticedthattheywereindirect22．,buthewasn'tsquinting(瞇著眼看).Doctorslater23．Sawyerwithsepto-opticdysplasia(視神經(jīng)發(fā)育不良),agenetic24．a(chǎn)ffectingonein10,000children.BriannaandherhusbandPatrickhopetheirsonwillbeabletoliveas25．a(chǎn)spossible.SawyerreadsBrailleandusesacane.Buttherearealsosomedevelopmental26．.Soontheyrealizedthatthe27．Sawyercommunicatesbestisthroughmusic."Healwayshasatrickfor28．noisesthatevenwedon'tnotice,"themothersaid.Evenatsuchayoungage,Sawyerhasbig29．.HehopestoperformonAmerica'sGotTalent-despitebeingnervous.Butnomatterwhathappens,onethingis30．:Singingisinhispast,presentandfuture.Whenaskedabouthowhethoughtitmakespeoplefeelwhentheyhearhimsing,Sawyer31．"Joyful".17．A．weak B．blind C．lovely D．smart18．A．mind B．head C．hand D．voice19．A．reaching B．witnessing C．confirming D．meeting20．A．pulled B．wandered C．managed D．kept21．A．mind B．wake C．care D．know22．A．sunlight B．position C．impression D．purpose23．A．impressed B．diagnosed C．entertained D．surprised24．A．pattern B．signal C．condition D．mark25．A．independently B．continuously C．proudly D．separately26．A．currents B．procedures C．strategies D．delays27．A．view B．treat C．wish D．way28．A．tolerating B．hearing C．touching D．making29．A．issues B．lectures C．a(chǎn)mbitions D．programs30．A．a(chǎn)trandom B．forcertain C．inneed D．onend31．A．responded B．commented C．believed D．explained七、第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Alargetombdatingbackapproximately5,000yearswasdiscoveredattheWangzhuangruinsinthecityofYongcheng,CentralChina'sHenanProvince,providing32．newsampleforstudyingthecriticalperiodoftheoriginsofChinesecivilization,Dawenkoucultureperiod(4300BC-2500BC),acultureofthelateNeolithicAge.Itisreportedthat45DawenkouculturetombswerenewlydiscoveredattheWangzhuangsite,27of33．havealreadybeenexcavated.Someofthesetombsappear34．(belong)tohigh-rankingofficials,presentinganumberofvaluableartifactsandpigjawbonesrepresentingwealthandmakingitoneofthe35．(large)andmostartifact-richtombsfoundfromtheDawenkouculture.Itisinterestingtonotethatthetombwas36．(intentional)damagedbyancientenemyforces.Onlyasmallnumberofhumanboneswerefoundinthetomb,withnocompletehumanskeleton37．(discover).Thisdiscoveryprovidesnewevidenceforthedevelopmenttraceinancientkingdomsacrossvariousregionsduringthe38．(form)ofChinesecivilizationaround5,000yearsago.Sofar,theWangzhuangsitehasyieldedover1,000artifacts.Based39．theshapesofthefindings,theculturalcharacteristicsofthesitearecomplex,withthemain40．(remain)belongingtotheDawenkouculture.Currently,theexcavationofthesiteisstillunderway.Theculturalrelicsunearthedfromthetombhavenowbeencleanedup,andthenextstep41．(be)toextract(提取)themformoredetailedresearch.八、寫作第一節(jié)(滿分15分)42．假定你是李華，上周你參加了校英語演講比賽。在外教Walsh的指導(dǎo)之下，你獲得了第一名。請(qǐng)你給他寫一封電子郵件，對(duì)他表示感謝，內(nèi)容包括：1.介紹比賽情況；2.表達(dá)感謝。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80個(gè)左右；2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。DearMr.Walsh,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua九、第二節(jié)(滿分25分)43．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。MaycieFuselierwasawarm-heartedyoungwomanwithagenuinecareforothers.Threeyearsago,duringacharityevent,shesigneduptobeabonemarrow(骨髓)donor,hopingtomakeadifferenceinsomeone'slife.Astimepassed,thememoryofthatselflessactfadedintothebackgroundofherbusylifeasahighschoolEnglishteacher.InSeptember2022,AdamandCandaceCromerlearnedthattheirdaughter,Sophie,thenonly6yearsold,hadbeendiagnosedwithaplasticanemia,arareandseriousbonemarrowdisease."Itwassevere,"Candacesaid."Wedidourownresearchandfoundtheonlycureoptionwastohaveabonemarrowtransplant."ItwasanordinaryafternoonwhenMaycie'sphonerangandsheanswered,expectingaroutinecall,butthevoiceontheotherendbroughtunexpectednews."Hello,Maycie?ThisiscallingfromtheNationalBoneMarrowRegistry.Wehaveapotentialmatchforyourdonorprofile.AyounggirlnamedSophie,whoissufferingfromarareandseverebonemarrowdiseasecalledaplasticanemia,needsyourhelp.Areyoustillwillingtodonate?"ThenewsthatshewasamatchforSophieleftherbothsurprisedandnervous.Unsureofwhattodo,shesoughtguidancefromherfather."HesaidthatIshouldthinkaboutitandIdid,"sheshared.Aftertakinghisadvice,shemadethelife-changingdecision."I'msogladIsaidyes,"Maycieadded,reflectingontheexperience.Theprocesswasswiftandefficient.Maycieunderwentaseriesofteststoconfirmhercompatibility,andsoon,itwasconfirmedthatshewasindeedamatchforSophie.Thethoughtofbeingabletosaveachild'slifefilledherwithaprofoundsenseofpurposeandjoy.InJanuary2023,Sophie'slifewassavedbyabonemarrowtransplantfromMaycie.TheChildren'sofAlabamaorganizedaspecialmeetingfortheminSeptember2024.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150個(gè)左右；2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Onthedayofthereunion,Mayciewalkedintoaroomfilledwithballoonsandsmiles.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________SeeingSophiehealthyandlively,Mayciewasgladshehadmadethatdecision.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

答案解析部分【答案】1．C2．A3．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，是一則招聘廣告，蘭卡斯特大學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)科學(xué)院正在面向社會(huì)招聘一名教授，希望他能在蘭開斯特大學(xué)現(xiàn)實(shí)世界系統(tǒng)中人工智能數(shù)學(xué)（MARS）的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)中發(fā)揮重要的戰(zhàn)略作用。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解，包含細(xì)節(jié)理解題，是一則招聘信息，注意先略讀文章，掌握文章大意，再分析題干及選項(xiàng)，到文中找到相關(guān)內(nèi)容并進(jìn)行理解。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的"MARS,whichisfundedbya￡12minvestmentfromResearchEngland,willconductresearchandteachingattheinterface(界面)ofdynamicalmathematicalmodellingandartificialintelligence(AI),withafocusonusingappliedmathematicstoaddressreal-worldchallenges."MARS由英國研究中心投資1200萬英鎊，將在動(dòng)態(tài)數(shù)學(xué)建模和人工智能的界面進(jìn)行研究和教學(xué)，重點(diǎn)是使用應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)來解決現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的挑戰(zhàn)。可知，蘭卡斯特大學(xué)的MARS的主要目標(biāo)就是使用應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)來解決現(xiàn)實(shí)問題。故選C。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的"Ideally,youwillhaveanapplicationfocusinatleastoneofthefollowingMARSkeyapplicationareas:cybersecurity,engineering,environmentandhealth."理想情況下，您將在以下MARS關(guān)鍵應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域中至少有一個(gè)應(yīng)用重點(diǎn)：網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全，工程，環(huán)境和健康。可知，網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全是MARS的一個(gè)應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域。故選A。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段"Thisisafull-time,indefinitepostandflexibleworkingarrangementswillbeconsidered."這是一個(gè)全職、無限期崗位，將考慮靈活的工作安排?？芍衅傅倪@一教授職位可以有靈活的工作時(shí)間安排。故選B。

【答案】4．D5．B6．A7．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了巴西攝影記者Sebastiāo和妻子Lelia回到家鄉(xiāng)，發(fā)現(xiàn)曾經(jīng)繁榮的牧場幾近荒蕪，在妻子的提議下，二人于1998年成立環(huán)保組織"地球研究所"，帶領(lǐng)團(tuán)隊(duì)將1754英畝的土地重新綠化。如今，這片曾經(jīng)荒蕪的土地不僅恢復(fù)了生機(jī)，成為私人自然遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)區(qū)，還為數(shù)百種動(dòng)植物提供了庇護(hù)所，Sebastiāo也在這個(gè)過程中獲得了自我重生。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，首先要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，掌握大意，然后結(jié)合具體的題目，再讀短文，從中找出相關(guān)信息，就可以確定正確答案。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的"Nearlythreedecadesago,BrazilianphotojournalistSebastiāoreturnedfromhisassignmentinEastAfrica,shockedtofindhisfamily'sonceboomingcattlefarmhadbecomealmostawasteland."大約30年前，巴西攝影記Sebastiāo從東非出差回來，震驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)他家曾經(jīng)興旺的養(yǎng)牛場幾乎變成了一片荒地?？芍?，Sebastiāo從東非回來時(shí)農(nóng)場已經(jīng)變成了荒地。故選D。5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的"In1998,embracingthechallengewithdeterminationandadeep-seateddesiretoreviveacrucialpartoftheircountryandfamilyhistory,SebastiāoandLeliaestablishedtheInstitutoTerra,anenvironmentalgroupdedicatedtothesustainabilityoftheValleyoftheRiverDoce."1998年，帶著堅(jiān)定的決心和對(duì)復(fù)興他們國家和家族歷史的重要部分的強(qiáng)烈愿望，Lelia和Sebastiāo成立了Terra研究所，這是一個(gè)致力于多西河流域可持續(xù)發(fā)展的環(huán)境組織；以及第三段中的"Thecouple,alongwiththeirteam,embarkedonajourneytoreplantandrebuildthe1,754-acreplotofland."這對(duì)夫婦和他們的團(tuán)隊(duì)開始了一段重新種植和重建1754英畝土地的旅程。可推知，Sebastiāo和Lelia通過團(tuán)隊(duì)努力來應(yīng)對(duì)他們面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。故選B。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段"Theonce-barrencattlefarmisnotonlythrivingbuthasalsobecomeashelterforhundredsofspeciesofanimalsandplants.Theland,nowvibrantandalive,hosts293speciesoftrees,172speciesofbirds,33speciesofmammals,and15speciesofreptilesandamphibians,manyofwhichareendangeredandhavefoundasaferefugeinthisrefreshedenvironment."曾經(jīng)貧瘠的養(yǎng)牛場不僅蓬勃發(fā)展，而且還成為數(shù)百種動(dòng)植物的避難所。這片土地現(xiàn)在生機(jī)勃勃，擁有293種樹木、172種鳥類、33種哺乳動(dòng)物和15種爬行動(dòng)物和兩棲動(dòng)物，其中許多是瀕臨滅絕的動(dòng)物，它們?cè)谶@片清新的環(huán)境中找到了安全的避難所?？赏浦?，第五段中的數(shù)字說明了這對(duì)夫婦工作的成功。故選A。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的"Hiswife,Lelia,equallyheartbrokenbythedestructionoftheonce-vibrant(充滿生機(jī)的)land,proposedanideathatseemedalmostasenormousandimpossibleasthebarrenness(荒蕪)beforethem—replanttheforest."他的妻子Lelia同樣為這片曾經(jīng)充滿活力的土地的毀滅感到心碎，她提出了一個(gè)幾乎和他們面前的貧瘠一樣巨大和不可能的想法——重新種植森林；以及第三段中的"Thecouple,alongwiththeirteam,embarkedonajourneytoreplantandrebuildthe1,754-acreplotofland."這對(duì)夫婦和他們的團(tuán)隊(duì)開始了一段重新種植和重建1754英畝土地的旅程?？芍疚闹v述了，Sebastiāo在30年前從非洲東部回來，發(fā)現(xiàn)之前繁榮的農(nóng)場變成了荒原，于是他和妻子決定重新種植森林，經(jīng)歷困難最后終于成功的故事。由此可推知，我們能從Sebastiāo的故事中學(xué)到"有志者，事竟成"這個(gè)道理。故選C項(xiàng)?！敬鸢浮?．B9．D10．A11．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，講述了科學(xué)家通過研究法國農(nóng)場18只母雞在不同情境下的面部羽毛位置和皮膚顏色變化，發(fā)現(xiàn)家雞會(huì)像人類和其他哺乳動(dòng)物一樣通過面部表情表達(dá)情緒，例如抖松頭部羽毛代表滿足，皮膚發(fā)紅則表示積極興奮或恐懼。該研究首次證實(shí)家雞具有情緒性面部表情，這為改善家禽福利提供了新視角。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，通讀全文，理解文章大意，閱讀題目后返回原文閱讀并找出與題目相對(duì)應(yīng)的內(nèi)容，仔細(xì)核對(duì)，選擇符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次閱讀并檢查。8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的"Althoughbirdscanproducefacialexpressionsbymovingtheirheadfeathersandflushing(發(fā)紅)theirskin,itisunclearwhethertheyexpressemotionsinthisway."雖然鳥類可以通過移動(dòng)頭部羽毛和沖洗皮膚來產(chǎn)生面部表情，但它們是否以這種方式表達(dá)情感尚不清楚；以及第二段中的"Toinvestigate,researchersfromINRAEandCNRS,France,filmed18femaledomesticchickensfromtwobreeds,astheyperformedroutinebehaviorsonaFrenchfarm."為了進(jìn)行調(diào)查，法國INRAE和CNRS的研究人員在法國一個(gè)農(nóng)場拍攝了18只來自兩個(gè)品種的雌性家雞的日常行為?？赏浦?，研究人員試圖了解雞的面部表情是如何表達(dá)它們的情緒的。故選B。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段"Toinvestigate,researchersfromINRAEandCNRS,France,filmed18femaledomesticchickensfromtwobreeds,astheyperformedroutinebehaviorsonaFrenchfarm.Theyalsofilmedthebirdswhilebeingcapturedandheldbyahuman,andwhilebeingrewardedwithanappealingfood."為了進(jìn)行調(diào)查，法國INRAE和CNRS的研究人員在法國一個(gè)農(nóng)場拍攝了18只來自兩個(gè)品種的雌性家雞的日常行為。他們還拍攝了這些鳥被人類捕獲和關(guān)押的過程，以及它們得到誘人食物的過程；以及第三段中的"Theresearchersanalyzedthepositionoftheirfacialfeathersandthecoloroftheexposedskinontheirfacesinsevencontextsthatdifferedintheiremotionalvalence(效價(jià))andlevelofexcitement."研究人員分析了它們面部羽毛的位置和臉上裸露皮膚的顏色，在七種不同的情況下，它們的情緒效價(jià)和興奮程度不同?？芍?，拍攝在各種環(huán)境下的家雞的目的是觀察它們的情緒反應(yīng)。故選D。10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的"Fluffing(抖松)headfeathersweremainlyassociatedwithastateofcontentment,whereasflushingindicatedthatthebirdswerepositivelyexcitedorfearful."蓬松的頭部羽毛主要與滿足的狀態(tài)有關(guān)，而臉紅則表明鳥類非常興奮或害怕?？芍?，家雞感到滿足的時(shí)候會(huì)抖動(dòng)頭部羽毛。故選A。11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的"Thesefindingsofferawindowintotheemotionalexperiencesofdomesticbirds,whichcouldbeusedtoimprovethewelfareoffarmedpoultry(家禽),theresearcherssay."研究人員說，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)為家禽的情感體驗(yàn)提供了一個(gè)窗口，可以用來改善養(yǎng)殖家禽的福利?？赏浦?，該研究可以用來提高家禽的福利，屬于農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域。故選C?！敬鸢浮?2．C13．B14．A15．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，研究表明抑郁癥與大腦炎癥和多巴胺傳遞受阻有關(guān)，這些變化可能導(dǎo)致動(dòng)力下降，而有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)可通過減少炎癥、促進(jìn)多巴胺功能及增強(qiáng)動(dòng)力來緩解抑郁癥狀。研究者認(rèn)為這一發(fā)現(xiàn)有助于開發(fā)個(gè)性化運(yùn)動(dòng)療法等新型干預(yù)策略，同時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)需解決抑郁癥患者參與運(yùn)動(dòng)的障礙以提升治療效果。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)，推理判斷和段落大意四個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。

12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的"Depressionistheleadingcauseofdisabilityworldwideandisassociatedwithdisruptionstoseveralbrainandpsychologicalprocesses,includingimpairedlearningandmemory."抑郁癥是世界范圍內(nèi)導(dǎo)致殘疾的主要原因，與一些大腦和心理過程的中斷有關(guān)，包括學(xué)習(xí)和記憶受損?？芍?，抑郁癥在世界范圍內(nèi)的影響是它導(dǎo)致高殘疾率。故選C。13．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中的"Theybelievethattheprocessmayhingeonmotivation,whichisveryimportantforrelievinganumberofsymptomsofdepression,suchasanhedonia(alackofinterestorjoyinlife'sexperiences),lowenergyand‘brainfog'."他們認(rèn)為，這個(gè)過程可能取決于動(dòng)機(jī)，這對(duì)于緩解一些抑郁癥的癥狀非常重要，比如快感缺乏（對(duì)生活經(jīng)歷缺乏興趣或樂趣）、精力不足和"腦霧"?？芍颂帪檫@個(gè)過程可能取決于動(dòng)機(jī)?？赏浦€短語hingeon為"取決于"，故選B。14．段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段"Theteamsummarisedresearchpapersexploringthemechanisms(機(jī)制)ofdepressioninbothhumansandanimalsandconcludedthatdepression,especiallyanhedonia,isassociatedwithincreasedinflammation(炎癥)causedbythebody'simmuneresponse.Importantly,inflammationisalsolinkedtodisruptingdopaminetransmission.Thesebiologicalchangesmayrepresentkeyprocessesleadingtochangesinmotivation,andinparticularalowerwillingnesstomakephysicalormentaleffort."該團(tuán)隊(duì)總結(jié)了探索人類和動(dòng)物抑郁癥機(jī)制的研究論文，并得出結(jié)論：抑郁癥，尤其是快感缺乏，與身體免疫反應(yīng)引起的炎癥增加有關(guān)。重要的是，炎癥也與破壞多巴胺的傳遞有關(guān)。這些生理上的變化可能代表了導(dǎo)致動(dòng)機(jī)變化的關(guān)鍵過程，特別是降低了付出體力或精神努力的意愿。可知，第三段主要講的是抑郁癥背后的原因。故選A。15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Addressingbarrierstoexercise—particularlyinpeoplewithdepression—iscrucial,asregularphysicalactivitymaybeabletorelieves