【英語(yǔ)】高二英語(yǔ)閱讀理解(教育文化)試題(有答案和解析)一、高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解教育文化類1．閱讀理解DearMom,

Thebigquestionwhichshockedparentsoftenasktheirchildafteraconfrontational(沖突)momentis,"Wheredidyougetthisattitudefrom?"Iknowyouhatetoadmitit,butIgetmuchofmydeterminedandstrong-willednaturefromyou.

Mom,Iknowit'sharddealingwiththeteenageanxietyandtheever-changingmoodsthatcomewithraisingachild.ButyoushouldalsomarvelatthefactthatI'vemadeitthisfar,thatI'mhealthyandhappy.

WhenIwassmall,Iwouldattendbarbecuesandfamilyeventsandwanderawayfrommyparents.Itwouldn'tbelongbeforesomeonewouldstopmetoaskwhetherIwasmymother'sdaughter.

"YourmomisMelissa,"they'dsay,awarmsmileontheirfaces."IsthatTight?"Iwouldnod.Ithinkparentsfeelmuchhurtwhentheirchildtalksbackordefiesthem,Iwasshockedatthisstatement.Tome,Iactednothinglikeyou,Mom.

Noonesays,"Iknowyou'reMelissa'sdaughterbecauseofyoureyesandnose".It'sthecharactertraits(特點(diǎn))thatsealthedeal.Drywit,intelligence,andyes,maybealittlebitofattitude-thesearethethingsIamgratefulIhavereceivedfromyou.There'snothingwrongwithhavingattitude.

Likeformostblackindividuals,attitudeiswhatdefinesyouandme,andit'swhatkeepsusfrombeingmentallyoppressedanddefeated.Attitudeisanon-violentformofprotectionandconfrontation-wherewouldwebeintheworldwithoutthistool?Surelynotwhereweare.

Mom,whenpeopleaskmewhereIgetmyattitudefrom,Itellthem:you.AndwhentheyaskmewhereIgotmydrive,myworkethic,mygoodhair,andmysenseofhumor,Isayyouaswell.Iwillalwayssaythis.

WhenI'maskedwhyIamthewayIam,whyIrefusetoallowotherstohurtmewiththeirwordsoractionsandwhyIthinkandspeakaboutthingsopenlyandwithoutfear.I'lltellthemit'sbecauseofyou.

I'llcomplaintoyouabouttheargumentsbetweenusthatleavemewonderingabouthowGodmadeussomuchalikethatwehardlyevennoticed.ButI'lltellthemaboutyou.Love,Malahni（1）Inthisletter,Malahnimainlyexpressedher

tohermother.A.complaintB.loveC.argumentD.anxiety（2）PeoplerecognizedMalahniasMelissa'sdaughtermainlybecauseofher

.A.appearanceB.behaviorC.charactertraitsD.race（3）Theunderlinedword"defies"inthe4thparagraphmostprobablymeans

.A.refusestoobeyB.agreeswithC.takesprideinD.triestounderstand（4）Malahnicanbeawoman

.A.easytobeoppressedanddefeatedB.hardtogetalongwithC.withapositiveattitudetowardslifeD.withviolentconfrontation【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了作者母親對(duì)于作者的人生態(tài)度的影響。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Iknowyouhatetoadmitit,butIgetmuchofmydeterminedandstrong-willednaturefromyou.”我知道你不愿意承認(rèn)這一點(diǎn)，但我從你身上學(xué)到了很多我的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)意志；以及倒數(shù)第二段中的“WhenI'maskedwhyIamthewayIam,whyIrefusetoallowotherstohurtmewiththeirwordsoractionsandwhyIthinkandspeakaboutthingsopenlyandwithoutfear.I'lltellthemit'sbecauseofyou.”當(dāng)我被問(wèn)及為什么我是現(xiàn)在的我，為什么我拒絕讓別人用他們的言語(yǔ)或行動(dòng)傷害我，為什么我公開(kāi)地、毫無(wú)畏懼地思考和談?wù)撌虑椤Ｎ視?huì)告訴他們是因?yàn)槟??？赏浦谶@封信中，Malahni主要表達(dá)了她對(duì)母親的愛(ài)。故選B。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中的“It'sthecharactertraitsthatsealthedeal.Drywit,intelligence,andyes,maybealittlebitofattitude-thesearethethingsIamgratefulIhavereceivedfromyou.There'snothingwrongwithhavingattitude.”是性格特征讓他們達(dá)成了共識(shí)。機(jī)智、智慧，是的，也許還有一點(diǎn)態(tài)度——這些是我從你那里得到的東西，我很感激。態(tài)度并沒(méi)有錯(cuò)。可知人們認(rèn)出Malahni是Melissa的女兒主要是因?yàn)樗男愿裉攸c(diǎn)。故選C。（3）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第四段中的“parentsfeelmuchhurtwhentheirchildtalksbackor”可知父母在他們的孩子頂嘴或反抗他們時(shí)感到很受傷，故劃線單詞意思為“反抗；拒絕服從”故選A。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“ButyoushouldalsomarvelatthefactthatI'vemadeitthisfar,thatI'mhealthyandhappy.”但你也應(yīng)該驚訝于我已經(jīng)走了這么遠(yuǎn)，我很健康，很快樂(lè)。以及下文Malahni說(shuō)明自己如何用自己的態(tài)度來(lái)使自己免于精神上的壓迫和失敗，可推知Malahni是一個(gè)對(duì)生活有積極態(tài)度的女人。故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

BrianGreene,aprofessorofphysicsandmathematicsatColumbiaUniversity,hascreatedanonlinescienceeducationplatform.Hetriesto"buildabridge"withthingsyouknowabout,andthen"bringyouacrossthatbridgetothestrangeplaceofmodernphysics".

RecentlyIhadachancetoaskGreeneaboutwormholes(aholewhichsomescientiststhinkmightexist,connectingpartsofspaceandtimethatarenotusuallyconnected),timetravelandothermysteriesoftheuniverse.Iaskedhimamillion-dollarquestion:WhatifIwentthroughaworm-holeandpreventedmyparentsfrommeeting?"Mostofusbelievethattheuniversemakessense,"Greenesaid.Althoughthereareseveralinterestingtheoriesabouttimetravel,headded,thelawsofphysicswouldprobablypreventsomethingsoillogicalfromtakingplace.Thegoodnewsisthatthetimeparadox(悖論)isopenforfuturephysiciststosolve.

Whenaskedhowphysicscouldbecomemoreexcitingforkids,GreenesaidthatbooksbyStephenWeinberg,LeonardSusskind,andotherphysicists,"makeitagreattimeforpeoplewhowanttolearnaboutbigideasbutaren'tyetready,perhaps,tolearnmaths".

WhenIpointedoutthatsomestudentsstillmightfindphysicsboring,Greenesaidthatthekeyistoteachthemaboutthingsthatarestrange."Thebasicstuffisimportant,"Greenesaid."ButIthinkit'sreallyimportanttoalsodescribethemoremodernideas,thingslikeblackholesandtheBigBang.Ifkidshavethoseideasinmind,thenatleastsomeofthemwillbeexcitedtolearnallthedetails."

GreenehasfollowedAlbertEinstein'sleadintryingtosolvethemysteriesoftheuniverse.Nowhewantskidstodothesame.AsGreenesaid,physicsis"notjustamatterofsolvingproblemsinanexam".It'saboutexperimenting,showinganinterestinstrangephenomena(現(xiàn)象)—andhavingfun!（1）Amillion-dollarquestionisprobablyvery

.A.directB.difficultC.personalD.long（2）ThebooksbyWeinbergandSusskind

.A.areboringtoreadB.aremainlyaboutmathsC.arepopularsciencebooksD.areonlypopularamongkids（3）AccordingtoParagraph4,whichofthefollowingdoesGreeneagreewith?A.Modernphysicsisaboringsubject.B.Interestplaysanimportantroleinstudying.C.Itisnotnecessarytolearnallaboutphysics.D.ItiseasytodescribeblackholesandtheBigBang.（4）Inthelastparagraph,Greenehopesthat

.A.kidscanlovescienceandphysicsB.kidscandowellinphysicsexamsC.kidscanhavefunwithexperimentsD.kidscanfindmorestrangethingsinlife【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，物理和數(shù)學(xué)教授BrianGreene希望更多的孩子可以對(duì)現(xiàn)代物理學(xué)感興趣。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段Greene對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的解釋以及他說(shuō)需要未來(lái)的物理學(xué)家去解決可知,作者提出的這個(gè)問(wèn)題非常難。故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“…booksby…‘makeitagreattimeforpeoplewhowanttolearnaboutbigideasbutaren'tyetready,perhaps,tolearnmaths'.”可知,Greene認(rèn)為Weinberg和Susskind等物理學(xué)家寫的書淺顯易懂,適合普通大眾閱讀,故這些書屬于受歡迎的科普讀物。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段可知,當(dāng)作者指出一些學(xué)生覺(jué)得物理無(wú)聊時(shí),Greene說(shuō)重要的是向孩子們講述一些稀奇古怪的事,并描述一些諸如黑洞和宇宙大爆炸的現(xiàn)代物理現(xiàn)象,如果孩子們知道了這些,他們中的一些就愿意了解所有詳細(xì)的內(nèi)容。因此可推知他認(rèn)為興趣在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中起著非常重要的作用。故選B。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“GreenehasfollowedAlbertEinstein'sleadintryingtosolvethemysteriesoftheuniverse.Nowhewantskidstodothesame.”可知,Greene希望孩子們可以像他一樣對(duì)科學(xué)和物理感興趣,去探索宇宙的奧秘。故選A?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解Deareditor(編輯),

Can'tyournewspaperdosomethingaboutthecustom(習(xí)慣)ofhitchhiking?

Ashorttimeago,onacartravelIcountedatleast50peoplestandingbesidetheroad,askingforrides.Manyofthemwereyoungwomen.

Don'ttheyunderstandhowdangerousitistogetintothecardrivenbyastranger?Howmuchdotheyknowaboutthedriver?Isheagooddriverornot?Theyknownothing!

Manyoftheseyounghitchhikersmaycomefromgoodfamilies.Don'ttheirparentsteachthemanythingabouttheworld?Ialwaystaughtmychildrennottotalktostrangers.Ineverletthemtakeridesfrompeopletheydidn'tknow.

Isn'tthereenoughcrime(犯罪)todaywithoutaskingfortroublebyhitchhiking?Ontheotherhand,hitchhikingmaybringsometraffictrouble.Don'tyouthinkwhatIsaidistrue?

AWorriedGrandfather（1）Theword"hitchhiking"means

.A.

waitingforabusatthebusstopB.

drivingtosomewhereinadangerouswayC.

goingsomewherebygettingfreeridesinothers'carD.

askingastrangerthewaywhoisinacar（2）TheWorriedGrandfather

.A.

doesn'tlikeyoungwomentodrivecarsB.

thinksitisdangerousforayoungwomantogetintoastranger'scarC.

likesdriverstobecarefulandstrictintheirworkD.

neverletshischildrengetintootherpeople'scar（3）TheWorriedGrandfather

.A.

washitbyacarwhenhewasstandingbytheroadB.

isagooddriverandoftengivesfreeridestostrangersC.

isintroublenowandhewantstogetsomehelpfromthenewspaperD.

hasseenmuchoftheworldandheisverycareful（4）TheWorriedGrandfatherwrotethelettertotell

.A.

thenewspapertoletitsreadersknowthedangerofhitchhikingB.

youngwomennevertogoonalongtravelaloneC.

youngpeopletolistentotheirparentsathomeD.

hischildrennottotalktostrangersontheroad（5）Whatdoyouthinkagoodeditorisgoingtodoafterhegetstheletter?A.

Hewilleitherreturnthelettertotheoldmanorgiveittothepolicestation.B.

HewillwritebacktotheWorriedGrandfatherandtellhimnottohitchhikeC.

Hewillwritesomethingaboutthedangerofhitchhikinginthenewspaper.D.

Hewillholdameetingtotellthedriverstomakelessthetraffictrouble.【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）D（4）A（5）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，作者認(rèn)為搭便車，尤其是女性搭便車存在安全隱患。他向報(bào)社求助，希望他們可以讓公眾意識(shí)到這個(gè)問(wèn)題。（1）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第二段中的“onacartravelIcountedatleast50peoplestandingbesidetheroad,askingforrides.”在車上我看到至少有50個(gè)人站在路邊請(qǐng)求搭車；以及第三段中的“Don'ttheyunderstandhowdangerousitistogetintothecardrivenbyastranger?”難道他們不知道上陌生人的車有多危險(xiǎn)嗎？可推測(cè)hitchhiking的意思是“免費(fèi)乘坐陌生人的車去某地”。故選C。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“”Manyofthemwereyoungwomen.”；以及第三段中的“Don'ttheyunderstandhowdangerousitistogetintothecardrivenbyastranger?”可知，作者認(rèn)為女性搭便車非常危險(xiǎn)。故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“Ialwaystaughtmychildrennottotalktostrangers.Ineverletthemtakeridesfrompeopletheydidn'tknow.”和第五段中的“Isn'tthereenoughcrime(犯罪)todaywithoutaskingfortroublebyhitchhiking?Ontheotherhand,hitchhikingmaybringsometraffictrouble.”可知作者一直教育他的孩子不要和陌生人講話更不能坐陌生人的車，他認(rèn)為即使沒(méi)有搭便車所造成的麻煩，當(dāng)今的犯罪已經(jīng)夠多了，而且搭便車還會(huì)給交通帶來(lái)麻煩。故推測(cè)作者是一個(gè)很細(xì)心而且見(jiàn)過(guò)很多事的人。故選D。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Don'ttheyunderstandhowdangerousitistogetintothecardrivenbyastranger?Howmuchdotheyknowaboutthedriver?Isheagooddriverornot?Theyknownothing!”可知作者認(rèn)為很多人不知道搭便車很危險(xiǎn)，故推測(cè)他寫信的目的是讓報(bào)紙?zhí)嵝讶藗兇畋丬囄ｋU(xiǎn)。故選A。（5）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Can'tyournewspaperdosomethingaboutthecustom(習(xí)慣)ofhitchhiking?”作者反問(wèn)報(bào)紙“難道你們的報(bào)紙不能為搭便車的習(xí)慣做些事嗎？”可推測(cè)，如果是一個(gè)好的編輯，在看到信后會(huì)寫一篇關(guān)于搭便車會(huì)有安全隱患的文章刊登到報(bào)紙上。故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。

4．閱讀理解

Inordertolearnaforeignlanguagewell,fourthingsarenecessary.First,wemustunderstandthelanguagewhenwehearitspoken.Secondly,wemustbeabletospeakitourselves,withconfidenceandwithouthesitation(猶豫).Thirdly,wemustdomuchreading.Finally,wemustbeabletowriteit.Wemustbeabletomakesentencesthatarecorrectingrammar.

Therearenoshortcutstosuccessinlanguagelearning.Agoodmemoryisagreathelp,butitisnotenoughonlytomemorizetherulesfromagrammarbook.Itisnotmuchlearningbyheartlonglistsofwordsandtheirmeanings,studyingthedictionaryandsoon.Wemustlearnbyusingthelanguage.

Ifwearepleasedwithafewruleswehavememorized,wearenotreallylearningthelanguage.Wemust"learnthroughuse."Practiceisimportant.Wemustpractisespeakingandwritingthelanguagewheneverwecan.（1）Themostimportantthingstolearnaforeignlanguageare

.A.

understandingandspeaking

B.

Listening,speaking,readingandwritingC.

writingandunderstanding

D.

memorizingandlistening（2）SomeonehearsandwritesEnglishverywell,buthespeaksitverybadly.Thisisbecause

.A.hedoesn'tunderstandthelanguagewhenhehearsitspokenB.hedoesn'thaveagoodmemoryC.healwaysrememberslistsofwordsandtheirmeaningsD.heoftenhesitates(猶豫)topractisespeakingit（3）Onecanneverlearnaforeignlanguagewellby

.A.doingmuchpracticeB.studyingthedictionaryC.learningthroughuseD.usingthelanguage（4）Whichisthemostimportantinlearningaforeignlanguage?A.goodmemory.B.Speaking.C.Practice.D.Writing.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了學(xué)習(xí)一門語(yǔ)言的基本方法和根本方法。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的”Inordertoknowaforeignlanguagethoroughly（完全地），fourthingsarenecessary.“為了完全了解一門外語(yǔ)，要做好四個(gè)方面的準(zhǔn)備，故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的”Secondly，wemustbeabletospeakitourselves，withconfidenceandwithouthesitation.“第二，我們必須要自己會(huì)說(shuō)，帶著自信而且毫不猶豫。推斷有些人說(shuō)不好，是因?yàn)樵谡f(shuō)這方面，他有猶豫要不要練習(xí)說(shuō)這門語(yǔ)言，故選D。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的”Agoodmemoryisagreathelp，butitisnotenoughonlytomemorizetherulesfromagrammarbook.“好的記憶力是會(huì)很有幫助，但是光從語(yǔ)法書上記憶語(yǔ)法規(guī)則是不夠的；以及第三段中的”Ifwearepleasedwithafewruleswehavememorized，wearenotreallylearningthelanguage.Wemust"learnthroughuse."Practiceisimportant.“如果我們對(duì)于記點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法規(guī)則就很滿足，但在并不是真正在學(xué)語(yǔ)言。我們必須通過(guò)使用它來(lái)學(xué)這門語(yǔ)言。所以選B。（4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的”Practiceisimportant.Wemustpractisespeakingandwritingthelanguagewheneverwecan.“練習(xí)非常重要。我們必須盡可能地練習(xí)說(shuō)和寫一門語(yǔ)言，故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

Stepinachasbecomeoneofthefirsthighschoolsinthecountrytodropalltextbooksandreplacethemwitha"digitallibrary".WhenstudentsstartedclassesonMonday,theywerezippingtoanappontheirtabletsorlaptopsandbadinstantaccesstoall40textsintheStepinaccurriculum(課程).

DennisLauro,directorofaninformationcenterwhichprovidestechnicalsupporttopublicschoolsinNewYork,saidneitherhenorhiscolleagueswereawareofasimilardigitaleffortinapublicschoolsetting."Thisisthewaveofthefuture."Laurosaid."I'mnotsurprisedthataprivateschoolwouldbeatthepublicschoolstoit.Theyhavetheabilitytojustdoit.Thereissomuchpoliticsinvolvedinpublicschools,whenitcomestoamovelikethat,needingapprovalfromboardsandcommittees."

ForTomCollins,Stepinac'spresident,thecommitmenttodigitalsourcematerialwasnotsodifficultadecision.Inthepast,students'familieshadtospendupto$700ayearontextbooks.Thisyear—aftertheone-timepurchaseofatabletorlaptop—familiesonlyneedtopay$150.Usingthedigitallibraryisalmostaseasyasopeninganewbook.AstudentcaninstantlylapintoadigitalbookandopenamapofEgyptoraspeechbyPresidentJohnF.Kennedy.Ateachercanshowapagefromadigitalbookonawhiteboardatthefrontoftheclassorsendstudentsalinktoaparticularmathproblemwithnotesaddedin.

Thefirstfewweeksmaybringsomechallenges.Stepinacofficialsexpectsomeparentaldiscomfortoverdroppingconcretebooks.Theyrecognizetheremaybetechnicalfaultsatfirst.Andtheywillhavetoencouragestudentstoleavespace-eatingphotosandmusicofftheirtablets—andtokeeptheirtabletscharged.（1）WhatisgoingoninStepinac?A.

It'sbuildinganewlibrary.

B.

It'sreformingitstextbooks.C.

It'supdatingitsdigitalresources.

D.

It'schangingitsmanagementpattern.（2）Bysayingtheunderlinedsentence.Laurobelieves

.A.

publicschoolsfacegreatchallenges

B.

privateschoolshavetheiradvantagesC.

theeffortistocauseinstantchanges

D.

it'satrendforschoolstogodigital（3）WhomayworryaboutthemoveinStepinac?A.

Officials.

B.

Technicians.

C.

Parents.

D.

Teachers.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）C【解析】【分析】本文主要講了Stepinac是第一個(gè)放棄了傳統(tǒng)意義上的教科書，改用數(shù)字圖書館的學(xué)校。這是未來(lái)學(xué)校向數(shù)字化發(fā)展的一種趨勢(shì)，但是家長(zhǎng)們對(duì)這一進(jìn)程心存疑慮。（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段Stepinachasbecomeoneofthefirsthighschoolsinthecountrytodropalltextbooksandreplacethemwitha"digitallibrary"可知Stepinac把textbook變成了digital

library，應(yīng)該是改革了教科書，故選B。（2）推理判斷題。由第二段

Laurosaid."I'mnotsurprisedthataprivateschoolwouldbeatthepublicschoolstoit.Theyhavetheabilitytojustdoit.Thereissomuchpoliticsinvolvedinpublicschools,whenitcomestoamovelikethat,needingapprovalfromboardsandcommittees.可知Lauro認(rèn)為在學(xué)校發(fā)展數(shù)字化并不是一件令人吃驚的事，私立學(xué)校在政策決定上比公立學(xué)校更有優(yōu)勢(shì)，如果在公立學(xué)校推行，需要得到很多人的同意。從中可以看出Lauro認(rèn)為未來(lái)學(xué)校向數(shù)字化發(fā)展是一種趨勢(shì)，故選D。（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段Thefirstfewweeksmaybringsomechallenges.Stepinacofficialsexpectsomeparentaldiscomfortoverdroppingconcretebooks.可知在Stepinac，父母?jìng)儗?duì)這一進(jìn)程很擔(dān)心，故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解?？忌婕凹?xì)節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題，細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)一定要找到文章中的原句，和題干進(jìn)行比較，再做出正確的選擇。推理判斷題不要以個(gè)人的主觀想象代替文章的事實(shí)，要根據(jù)文章事實(shí)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷。6．閱讀理解

Anearthquakeisoneofthemostcommonnaturaldisasters.Itmaycausegreatdamage.Soitiswisetolearnsomesimplesafetytipstoprotectyourselforyourfamilymembers.

Fragileitemslikethosemadeofglassareeasilybrokenandshouldusuallybeplacedonalowersurface,nearthegroundinsteadofplacingtheminthecupboardshigherup.Neverplacethemnearyourbed,sofasandotherfurniturewhereyouwouldbesittingorlyingdown.Whenthereisastrongmovement,thesepieceswillfallonthefloordirectlyandnotonyou.

Thereisastrongchanceofshortcircuits(短路)andfireduringanearthquake.Makesureyouturnoffelectricalconnectionsandgasimmediatelywhenanearthquakehappens.

Duringanearthquake,liebeneathanobjectthatisnoteasilydamaged.Donotgonearobjectsthatcoulddirectlyfallonyou.Neverusetheelevatortogodown.Stayinsideuntiltheshakingstopsanditissafetogooutside.Researchhasshownthatmostinjurieshappenwhenpeopleinsidebuildingstrytogoout.Usethestaircasesatalltimes.

Ifyouareoutdoors,donottakeshelterunderatree,streetlights,electricpolesortallbuildings.Ifyouaredriving,stopyourcarandstayinasafeplace.Donotparkyourcarunderatreeoranytallobject.

Iftrappedindebris(瓦礫堆),coveryourmouthwithahandkerchieforclothing.Taponapipeorthewallsothatrescuers(營(yíng)救人員)canfindyou.Useawhistle(哨子)ifoneisavailable.Nevershoutforhelp.Shoutingcancauseyoutobreatheindangerousamountsofdust.Donotlightamatchbecauseyoumayburnyourself.Donotmoveaboutorkickupdust.（1）Thepurposeofthepassageistotellreaders

.A.whattodoinearthquakesB.howtopreventearthquakesC.thedamagecausedbyearthquakesD.therescueworkafterearthquakes（2）Theunderlinedword"Fragile"inParagraph2probablymeans"

".A.EasilyfoundB.ExpensiveC.EasilybrokenD.Heavy（3）Duringtheearthquake,peopleareadvisedto

.A.takeshelterunderatreeB.drivetoasafeplacequicklyC.gooutofthebuildingatonceD.turnoffelectricityandgasimmediately【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，作者對(duì)于如何在地震中保護(hù)自己和家人這一問(wèn)題，給出了一些簡(jiǎn)單的安全技巧。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Soitiswisetolearnsomesimplesafetytipstoprotectyourselforyourfamilymembers.”因此，學(xué)習(xí)一些簡(jiǎn)單的安全技巧來(lái)保護(hù)自己和家人是明智的?？芍?，這篇文章的目的是告訴讀者在地震中該怎么做。故選A。（2）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第二段中的“l(fā)ikethosemadeofglassareeasilybrokenandshouldusuallybeplacedonalowersurface,nearthegroundinsteadofplacingtheminthecupboardshigherup.”像那些玻璃做的容易破碎，通常應(yīng)放在較低的表面，接近地面，而不是把它們放在較高的碗柜?？芍?，“Fragile”的意思是易碎的。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Makesureyouturnoffelectricalconnectionsandgasimmediatelywhenanearthquakehappens.”當(dāng)?shù)卣鸢l(fā)生時(shí)，一定要立即切斷電源和煤氣?？芍卣鹌陂g，建議人們立即關(guān)掉電和煤氣。故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

Childrenwhospendmoretimereadingwiththeirparentshaveagreaterchanceofbecomingbetterreadersthanthosewhodon't.Withhelpfromtheirparents,childrencanlearntechniquestoimprovetheirreadingskills.

"Alotofparentsthinkaftertheirchildlearnstoread,theyshouldstopreadingtothem,"DonnaGeorgesaid."Theyaresadlymistaken."

GeorgeoffersherservicestoparentsattheTitleILearningCenters.Shesaidreadingaloudtochildrenmaybethemostvaluablethingparentscando."Itisbetterforchildrentohearthingsatahighlevelthanwheretheyare,"Georgesaid."Parentsaretheirchild'sfirstteacher."Parentshelptheirchildrenbuildlistening,phonics,comprehensionandvocabularyskillswhentheyreadaloudtothem.

Beforeparentscanidentifyreadingproblems,theyshouldescapetheenemy—televisionandlimitthetimetheirchildrenspendwatchingtelevision.GeorgesuggestednotallowingkidstohaveaTVintheirbedrooms,settingascheduleofwhenkidscanwatchorkeepingalistofhowmanyprogramschildrenwatch.LouiseJonessaidthatwhileher14-year-olddaughterand10-year-oldsonenjoyreading,thetelevisionsometimesbecomesadistraction.Soshetriestobuildthesituationbysuggestingbookstheentirefamilywillenjoyreadingtogether,liketheHarryPotterseries.

Parentswhodonotreadthemselvesshouldnotcountontheirchildrenbeingenthusiasticaboutit.Ifparentswouldreadtotheirchildrenatleast15minuteseveryday,childrenwouldnothavesomanyproblemsinschool.Itistheparents'jobtohelpbuildthatdesireintheirchildren,andofcoursetoknowwhatkindofbookstoreadisalsoimportant.（1）AccordingtoGeorge,readingaloudtochildren______.A.helpsthemcorrectmistakesB.ishelpfultotheirreadingC.isparents'firstdutytotheirchildrenD.cangetchildrenoutoftelevision'sattraction（2）Theunderlinedword"distraction"(inParagraph4)meanssomethingthatcan_____.A.improvechildren'sreadingskillsB.helpchildrenformtherighthabitofreadingC.makechildreninterestedinreadingD.stopchildrenconcentratingonreading（3）Whatisimportantaccordingtothefourthparagraph?A.Readingskills.B.Readingspeed.C.Readingmaterials.D.Readingenvironment.（4）Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe______.A.ChildrenSpendMoreTimeReadingwithParentsB.ParentsAreTheirChild'sFirstTeacherC.HowParentsMakeTheirChildaBetterReaderD.HowtoImproveChildren'sReadingAbility【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了經(jīng)常與父母一起閱讀的孩子更容易成為優(yōu)秀的閱讀者，在父母的幫助下，孩子們會(huì)提高閱讀技巧，并詳細(xì)闡述了父母如何使孩子成為更好的閱讀者。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Parentshelptheirchildrenbuildlistening,phonics,comprehensionandvocabularyskillswhentheyreadaloudtothem.”可知家長(zhǎng)對(duì)孩子大聲的閱讀，會(huì)幫助他們建立聽(tīng)力、發(fā)音、理解和詞匯技能。即家長(zhǎng)對(duì)孩子大聲的閱讀對(duì)孩子的閱讀是有幫助的，故選B。（2）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第四段中的“Beforeparentscanidentifyreadingproblems,theyshouldescapetheenemy—televisionandlimitthetimetheirchildrenspendwatchingtelevision.”可知電視是影響孩子閱讀的敵人，所以當(dāng)LouiseJoines14歲的女兒和10歲的兒子享受閱讀的快樂(lè)時(shí)，電視就會(huì)成為使他們分心的東西，所以distraction的意思是“分心”，故選D。（3）考查推理判斷。第四段主要講了為了避免電視成為孩子閱讀的障礙，不建議在孩子的臥室安裝電視，而且列舉了LouiseJones的例子，為了避免電視使孩子分心，LouiseJones營(yíng)造全家都讀書的氛圍。所以從本段可以知道閱讀環(huán)境是很重要的，故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。主要講述了經(jīng)常與父母一起閱讀的孩子更容易成為優(yōu)秀的閱讀者，在父母的幫助下，孩子們會(huì)提高閱讀技巧。并詳細(xì)闡述了父母如何使孩子成為更好的閱讀者。故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)，推理判斷和主旨大意四個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解

Howdoyouspendyourtime？Togetit,PaulT.Rankinaskedsixty-eightindividualstokeepanaccurate,detailedrecordofwhattheydideveryminuteoftheirwakinghours.Hediscoveredthat70percentoftheirwakingtimewasspentononethingonly-communication.PutthatevidencealongsidetheresearchfindingsuncoveredbytheHumanEngineeringLaboratories,theydiscoveredthat,vocabulary,morethananyotherfactoryetknown,predictsfinancialsuccess.Newwordsmakeusbetterthinkersaswellascommunicators.Whatbetterreasonforbeginningrightnowtoextendyourvocabulary？Buthow？

Hybrid(雜交產(chǎn)生的)corncombinesthebestqualitiesofseveralvarietiestoensuremaximumproductivity.Ahybridapproachtovocabularyshould,inthesameway,ensuremaximumresults.That'swhyyoushouldusetheCPDformula.

ThroughContext.Whenstudentsinacollegeclasswereaskedwhatshouldbedonewhentheycameacrossanunknownwordintheirreading,84percentsaid,"Lookitupinthedictionary."Ifyoudo,however,youshort-circuittheverymentalprocessesneededtomakeyoureffortsmostproductive.

Butthere'sanotherreason.Supposesomeoneasksyouwhattheword"fast"means.Youanswer,"speedyorswift".Butdoesitmeanthatinsuchcontextas"fastcolor"or"fastfriend"？Andifahorseisfast,isitsecurelytiedorgallopingattopspeed？Itcouldbeeither.Italldepends.Onthedictionary？No,onthecontext.Afterall,thereareovertwentydifferentmeaningsfor"fast"inthedictionary.Butthedictionarydoesn'ttellyouwhichmeaningisintended.That'swhyitmakessuchgoodsensetobeginwithcontext.

ThroughWordParts.Nowforthenextstep.Oftenunfamiliarwordscontainoneormoreparts,which,ifrecognized,providedefinitehelpwithmeaning.Taketheword"monolithic"forexample.Trytoseparatetheparts.Thereistheprefixmono-,meaning"one",andtheroot-lith,meaning"stone".Finally,there'sthesuffix-ic,meaning"consistingof".Thosethreepartsadduptothisdefinition："consistingofonestone".

Tospeedupyouruseofwordparts,youwillbeintroducedtothefourteenmostimportantwordsintheEnglishlanguage.Theprefixandrootelementsinthosefewwordsarefoundinover14,000words.Withthoseamazinglyusefulshortcuts,youcanbuildupvocabulary,notatasnail'space,onewordatatime,butingiantleaps,uptoathousandwordsatatime.

ThroughtheDictionary.Nowyoucanseewhyyoushouldconsultthedictionarylast,notfirst.You'velookedcarefullyatthecontext.You'velookedforfamiliarwordparts.NowyouplaySherlockHomes.Inlightofcontextorwordparts,youtrytosolveamystery.Whatexactlydoesthatstrangewordmean?Onlyafteryougothroughthementalgymnasticstocomeupwithatentative（不確定的）definitionshouldyouopenthedictionarytoseeifyou'reright.

Youarenowpersonallyinvolved.Yourincreasedinterestwillleadtoabettermemoryofbothwordandmeaning.Italsoencouragesyourdevelopmentofthehabitsneededtoaccelerateyourprogress.Andwhenyouseeinblackandwhitethedefinitionyouhadexpected,whatafeelingofaccomplishmentisyours.Inthatway,theCPDFormulaprovidestheexactapproachesformaximumeffectiveness.

Well,thereitis,yournewformula-Context,Parts,Dictionary.Useit!Theresultswillbelikethemon