2025年托?？谡Z模擬測(cè)試卷：中美科技競(jìng)爭態(tài)勢(shì)及未來展望考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______Part1Youwillnowbeaskedaquestionaboutafamiliartopic.Afteryouhearthequestion,youwillhave30secondstothinkaboutyouranswerand60secondstospeak.Prompt:Manypeopleconsidertechnologytobethemostsignificantinfluenceontheirdailylivestoday.Whatisanexampleofaspecifictechnologythathashadamajorimpactonyourlifeorthelivesofpeoplearoundyou?Explainhowithaschangedthings,usingspecificreasonsandexamplesfromyourownexperienceorobservations.Part2Youwillnowbeaskedaquestionaboutapointofvieworadecision.Afteryouhearthequestion,youwillhave30secondstothinkaboutyouranswerand60secondstospeak.Prompt:Somepeoplebelievethatgovernmentsshouldinvestheavilyinfundingbasicscientificresearchthatmaynothaveimmediatepracticalapplications,evenifitseemsrisky.Othersbelievethatfundingshouldprimarilyfocusonresearchwithclear,short-termbenefitsforsocietyandtheeconomy.Whatisyourview?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouropinion.Part3Youwillnowfirstlistentoashortconversationorashortlecture.Then,youwillreadashortpassagerelatedtothetalk.Finally,youwilllistentothetalkagain.Afteryouhearthesecondtalk,youwillbeaskedaquestionaboutwhatyouheardandread.Afteryouhearthequestion,youwillhave30secondstoprepareyourresponseand60secondstospeak.(Scenario:Auniversityprofessorisdiscussingtheroleofgovernmentgrantsinfundingtechstartups.)Professor:"So,inourdiscussionlastweekaboutthetechindustry,wetouchedontheimportanceoffunding.Today,let'slookatgovernmentgrants.Somearguetheyarecrucialforfosteringinnovation,especiallyinfieldslikequantumcomputingorbiotechwhereprivateinvestmentmightbetooriskyorslow.Agrantcanprovidetheinitialseedmoneyforateamtoprovetheirconcept.However,otherspointoutthatgovernmentfundingoftencomeswithbureaucracyandisn'talwaysefficient.Theybelievethatventurecapital,drivenbymarketdemandandpotentialprofit,isactuallybetteratidentifyingandnurturingsuccessfulstartups.Itselectsbasedoncommercialviability,whichoftenleadstomoreproductsthatreachconsumers.So,thedebatecontinuesaboutthemosteffectivewaytosupportthenextgenerationoftechcompanies."(ReadingPassage):"Governmentfundingoftechnologicalresearchanddevelopmentisoftenadvocatedonthegroundsthatsuchresearchpromiseslong-termbenefitsforsociety.Critics,however,contendthatwithouttheprofitmotivedrivingit,government-fundedresearchislessefficientandlesslikelytoyieldcommerciallyviableproducts.Theyarguethatprivatesectorinvestment,whilepotentiallymorefocusedonimmediatereturns,hashistoricallybeentheprimaryengineoftechnologicalinnovationandeconomicgrowthinthetechnologysector.Therefore,resourcesshouldbedirectedtowardsinitiativeswithclearer,moreimmediateapplications."Question:Summarizethemainpointsmadeinthetalkabouttheroleofgovernmentgrantsinfundingtechstartups.Thenexplainhowthepointsmadeinthereadingpassagecontrastwiththoseinthetalk.Part4Youwillnowlistentoashortlecture.Then,youwillreadashortpassagerelatedtothetalk.Finally,youwilllistentothelectureagain.Afteryouhearthesecondtalk,youwillbeaskedaquestionaboutwhatyouheardandread.Afteryouhearthequestion,youwillhave30secondstoprepareyourresponseand60secondstospeak.(Scenario:AuniversitylectureabouttheethicalimplicationsofAIdevelopment.)Lecturer:"Whenwetalkabouttherapidadvancementofartificialintelligence,wemustconsidertheethicalchallengesitpresents.Onemajorconcernisjobdisplacement.AsAIsystemsbecomemorecapable,theycouldpotentiallyautomatetaskscurrentlyperformedbyhumans,leadingtosignificantworkforceshifts.Proponentsargue,however,thathistoryshowstechnologyeventuallycreatesnewjobsevenasitdisplacesoldones,andthatweshouldfocusoneducationandretrainingtoadapt.Anotherethicalissueisbias.AIalgorithmsaretrainedondata,andifthatdatareflectsexistingsocietalbiases,theAIcanperpetuateorevenamplifythem.Ensuringfairnessrequirescarefulalgorithmdesignanddiversedatasets.Finally,there'sthequestionofaccountability.Ifanautonomousvehiclecausesanaccident,whoisresponsible?Themanufacturer,thesoftwaredeveloper,ortheowner?ThesearecomplexquestionsthatsocietyneedstoaddressasweintegrateAImoredeeplyintoourlives."Question:Thereadingpassagediscussesanewreportontheimpactofartificialintelligenceonsociety.Explainthemainpointsofthereportaspresentedinthelecture.Thenstatewhetheryouagreeordisagreewithoneofthepointsmadeinthereport,andexplainyourreasoning.試卷答案Part1*SampleAnswer:"Ithinksmartphoneshavehadahugeimpactonmylifeandeveryonearoundme.Beforesmartphones,wehadtouseseparatedevicesforcalls,texts,maps,cameras,etc.Now,onedevicedoesitall,makingcommunicationincrediblyconvenient.Forexample,Iuseitforvideocallswithfamilyoverseasalmosteveryday,whichfeelsverypersonalandeasy.Also,navigationappshelpmefindthequickestroutestoworkorschool,savingalotoftime.Itconnectsusconstantly,butalsomeanswe'reoftendistractedbynotifications.Overall,it'schangedhowwestayintouch,getinformation,andmanageourdailyschedules."*解析思路:*識(shí)別技術(shù):明確回答了“具體技術(shù)”是什么（智能手機(jī)），這是回答的基礎(chǔ)。*闡述影響(如何改變):提供了具體的例子說明智能手機(jī)如何改變了生活（溝通方式、獲取信息、日常安排）。例如，提到了視頻通話、導(dǎo)航應(yīng)用。*使用具體理由和例子:“幾乎每天與海外家人視頻通話”、“導(dǎo)航應(yīng)用幫助找到路線”是具體的例子，支撐了“巨大影響”和“改變”的觀點(diǎn)。*提及復(fù)雜性(加分項(xiàng)):可以簡要提及雙面性（如連接與分心），顯示更深入的思考，但非必需。*結(jié)構(gòu)清晰:回答有中心（智能手機(jī)），有條理地說明了影響和具體例子。Part2*SampleAnswer:"Ibelievethatgovernmentsshouldinvestinbasicscientificresearch,evenifitseemsriskyanddoesn'thaveimmediateapplications.Mymainreasonisthathistoryhasshownusthatmanyofthetechnologieswenowtakeforgrantedoriginatedfromfundamentalresearchthatwasinitiallyconsideredspeculative.Thinkabouttheinternetorantibiotics–theyweren'tdevelopedwithimmediatecommercialgoalsinmindinitially.Basicresearchexpandsourknowledgebaseandpavesthewayforfutureinnovationsthatwecannotpredicttoday.Whileappliedresearchwithshort-termbenefitsisimportant,long-termprogressoftenreliesonthefreedomtoexplorefundamentalquestionswithoutthepressureofimmediatereturns.Thiskindofinvestmentiscrucialforsocietaladvancementoverthelonghaul."*解析思路:*明確立場(chǎng):清晰表明了觀點(diǎn)（支持政府投資基礎(chǔ)研究）。*提供理由1:使用歷史例子（互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、抗生素）說明基礎(chǔ)研究是重大創(chuàng)新的源頭，即使最初沒有短期應(yīng)用目標(biāo)。*提供理由2:強(qiáng)調(diào)基礎(chǔ)研究的作用是擴(kuò)展知識(shí)和為未來創(chuàng)新鋪路，突顯其長期價(jià)值。*對(duì)比論證:將基礎(chǔ)研究與應(yīng)用研究進(jìn)行對(duì)比，說明兩者角色不同，但基礎(chǔ)研究不可或缺。*使用具體例子和詞匯:提到了具體技術(shù)（互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、抗生素），“speculative”（投機(jī)的）、“knowledgebase”（知識(shí)基礎(chǔ)）、“societaladvancement”（社會(huì)進(jìn)步）等詞匯提升了回答質(zhì)量。*結(jié)構(gòu)完整:有觀點(diǎn)、有多個(gè)理由支撐，并進(jìn)行了對(duì)比。Part3*SampleAnswer:"Inthelecture,theprofessordiscussedtwomainviewsongovernmentgrantsfortechstartups.First,hementionedthatsupportersbelievegrantsareessentialforfundinghigh-risk,fundamentalresearchinareaslikequantumcomputing,asprivateinvestmentmightbetoosloworcautious.Second,theprofessorpointedoutthatcriticsarguegovernmentfundingisn'tefficientduetobureaucracyandthatventurecapital,drivenbymarketdemandandprofit,isactuallybetteratselectingpromisingstartupsandleadingtocommerciallysuccessfulproducts.Thereadingpassage,however,takesadifferentstance.Itstatesthatgovernmentfundingofresearchisoftenjustifiedbypotentiallong-termsocietalbenefits.Conversely,itarguesthatwithouttheprofitmotive,governmentresearchislessefficientandthatprivatesectorinvestment,focusedonimmediatereturns,hashistoricallybeenthemaindriverofinnovationandeconomicgrowthinthetechfield.So,thelecturepresentsthedebatebetweensupportforgovernmentgrantsforrisk-takingandsupportforprivatefundingbasedoncommercialviability,whilethereadingpassagelargelyfavorsprivateinvestmentandquestionstheefficiencyandnecessityofgovernmentfunding,emphasizinglong-termsocietalbenefits."*解析思路:*總結(jié)講座要點(diǎn):準(zhǔn)確概括了教授提到的兩點(diǎn)對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)（支持者認(rèn)為政府資助風(fēng)險(xiǎn)研究重要；批評(píng)者認(rèn)為政府資助低效，私企更好）。*總結(jié)閱讀要點(diǎn):準(zhǔn)確概括了閱讀文章的核心論點(diǎn)（支持政府資助基于長遠(yuǎn)社會(huì)效益；但質(zhì)疑政府研究效率，認(rèn)為私企基于利潤驅(qū)動(dòng)更能創(chuàng)新）。*對(duì)比差異:清晰地指出了講座（呈現(xiàn)辯論）與閱讀（傾向于私企，質(zhì)疑政府效率）在觀點(diǎn)上的不同之處。例如，講座承認(rèn)政府資金的作用，而閱讀更批判性地看待政府資金；講座對(duì)比了兩種資金方式，閱讀更側(cè)重于批判政府方式。*語言準(zhǔn)確:使用了準(zhǔn)確的術(shù)語（governmentgrants,venturecapital,bureaucracy,commercialviability,long-termsocietalbenefits,profitmotive）。*結(jié)構(gòu)清晰:先說講座觀點(diǎn)，再說閱讀觀點(diǎn)，最后點(diǎn)明兩者對(duì)比和差異。Part4*SampleAnswer:"Thelecturepresentedthreemainethicalchallengesrelatedtothedevelopmentofartificialintelligence.First,itdiscussedjobdisplacement,arguingthatwhileAIcouldautomatetasksandcauseworkforceshifts,historysuggestsnewjobswilleventuallyemerge.Second,ithighlightedtheissueofbias,explainingthatAIalgorithmscaninheritandamplifysocietalbiasespresentintheirtrainingdata,requiringcarefuldesignanddiversedatasetstoensurefairness.Third,thelectureaddressedaccountability,posingthecomplexquestionofwhoisresponsiblewhenanautonomousvehicleorotherAIsystemcausesharm–themanufacturer,de