Unit4ReadingPlusTheBraveHomingPigeon知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講精練重點(diǎn)詞匯解析1.Theywereover330kilometersfromtheclosestland,sohedidn'tknowwheretogo.他們離最近的陸地有330多公里，所以他不知道該去哪里。close的詞義及用法動(dòng)詞關(guān)閉：Shegentlyclosedthebookafterfinishingthelastchapter.（讀完最后一章后，她輕輕合上了書。）停止?fàn)I業(yè)：Thecafép.m.sesat9p.m.onweekdays.（這家咖啡館平日晚上9點(diǎn)停止?fàn)I業(yè)。）結(jié)束：Themeetingclosedwithaspeechfromthedirector.（會(huì)議以主任的發(fā)言結(jié)束。）形容詞近的：Ournewhouseisclosetothesubwaystation,whichsavesalotoftime.（我們的新房子離地鐵站很近，省了不少時(shí)間。）親密的：LisaandIhavebeenclosefriendssincechildhood.（莉薩和我從小就是親密的朋友。）副詞近地，強(qiáng)調(diào)距離Heleanedclosetoherearandwhisperedthesecret.（他湊近她的耳朵，小聲說出了秘密。名詞結(jié)束：Thepartycametoaclosewitheveryonesingingtogether.（派對(duì)在大家的合唱中結(jié)束了。）關(guān)閉（atthecloseof）：Atthecloseoftheexhibition,manyvisitorsstayedtotakephotos.（展覽結(jié)束時(shí)，許多參觀者留下來拍照。）動(dòng)詞搭配表“關(guān)閉”：closethedoor/window（關(guān)門窗）；closeastore/bank（商店/銀行停業(yè)）；closeanaccount（銷戶）形容詞搭配表“近的”to...loseto...（離……近，to為介詞）；aclosedistance（近距離）表“親密的”：aclosefriend（密友）；closerelations（至親）核心短語closedown：（工廠、公司等）關(guān)閉；停業(yè)（多為永久性）例：Theoldfactorycloseddownlastyear.（這家舊工廠去年倒閉了。）closevsnear（形容詞“近的”）close強(qiáng)調(diào)“距離近且關(guān)系密切”；near僅側(cè)重“距離近”。例：Myhomeisnearthepark.（我家離公園近）；She’smyclosestfriend.（她是我最親密的朋友，不可用near）closevsclosely（副詞）close：表“近地”（強(qiáng)調(diào)距離）；closely：表“密切地、仔細(xì)地”（強(qiáng)調(diào)程度）。例：Standclosetome.（站近點(diǎn)）；Watchclosely!（仔細(xì)看！）動(dòng)詞：Pleaseclosethewindow—it’scoldoutside.（請(qǐng)關(guān)窗，外面冷。）形容詞：We’reclosetothestation,sowecanwalkthere.（我們離車站近，能步行過去。）副詞：Thecatsatclosetothefiretokeepwarm.（貓靠近火取暖。）短語：Therestaurantcloseddownafterlosingtoomuchmoney.（這家餐廳因虧損過多倒閉了。）即學(xué)即練：1.Thekidsstood______totheirmomtostayawayfromthecrowd.A.closeB.closelyC.closedD.closingThepolicearewatchingthebadguy______tostophimfromrunningaway.A.closeB.closelyC.nearD.nearlyBecausenotmanypeopleboughtbooks,thebookstore______downlastmonth.A.closedB.shutC.putD.tookMyhometownis______toabeautifullake.Manyvisitorsehere.closeB.closedC.closelyD.closing2.JusttenhoursagotheyleftNewYork,butnowtheenginestoppedworking.就在十小時(shí)前，他們離開了紐約，但現(xiàn)在引擎停了。leave的詞義及用法動(dòng)詞離開：leave+地點(diǎn)TheyplantoleaveBeijingnextmonthandmovetoShanghai.（他們計(jì)劃下個(gè)月離開北京，搬到上海。）?留下：leavesth.+地點(diǎn)Sheleftamessageonhisphonebeforegoingout.（她出門前在他的手機(jī)上留了條信息。）?遺忘：leavesth.+地點(diǎn)Ileftmykeyinthecar.我把鑰匙忘在車?yán)锪耸固幱冢撤N狀態(tài)）：leave+賓語+形容詞/介詞短語Theheavyrainleftthestreetsflooded.（暴雨使街道被淹沒了。）?出發(fā)：Weusuallyleavefortheairporttwohoursbeforetheflight.（我們通常在航班起飛前兩小時(shí)出發(fā)去機(jī)場。）?名詞假期；休假（常用復(fù)數(shù)leaves，如askforleave“請(qǐng)假”）Shetookthreedays’leavetovisithergrandparents.（她請(qǐng)了三天假去看望祖父母。）?核心短語?leavefor：動(dòng)身去（某地）?We’releavingforShanghaitomorrow.（我們明天動(dòng)身去上海。）?leavebehind：留下；遺忘；拋在后面?Helefthisumbrellabehind.（他忘了帶傘。）；Don’tleavemebehind!（別把我丟下！）?leaveout：遺漏；忽略?Sheleftoutanimportantdetailinherreport.（她在報(bào)告中漏掉了一個(gè)重要細(xì)節(jié)。）?leavealone：不打擾；不干涉?例：Leavethecatalone—it’ssleeping.（別打擾那只貓，它在睡覺。）?leavevsforget（表“遺忘”）?leave強(qiáng)調(diào)“把某物落在某地”，需接地點(diǎn)；?forget僅表“忘記”，不接地點(diǎn)（若接地點(diǎn)用forgettobring/take）。?Ileftmybagintheclassroom.（正確）；Iforgotmybagintheclassroom.（錯(cuò)誤）?leave的使役用法?結(jié)構(gòu)：leave+賓語+補(bǔ)語（形容詞/副詞/介詞短語/分詞）?例：Heleftthewindowbroken.（他讓窗戶碎著。）；Leaveherwaitingoutside.（讓她在外面等著。）?leavefor與leave+地點(diǎn)的區(qū)別：leavefor表“去某地”，leave+地點(diǎn)表“離開某地”。?leave表“遺忘”時(shí)的搭配：必須接地點(diǎn)（leavesth.+地點(diǎn)）。?即學(xué)即練：Don’t______yourphoneonthebus—it’seasytolose.?A.leaveB.forgetC.stopD.put?Wewill______forLondonearlytomorrowmorning.?A.leaveB.stopC.eD.go?Myparentsusually______mealoneathomewhentheygoout.?A.leaveB.stopC.takeD.let4.Mybrother______hiswalletinthetaxiyesterday.Hewasveryworried.?A.leftB.forgotC.stayedD.kept?5.Weplanto______forthemountainsthisFridaymorning.?A.leaveB.eC.arriveD.reach?6.Theteacher______somehomeworkforusbeforeshelefttheclassroom.?A.leftB.forgotC.stoppedD.made?7.Please______thedooropen.It’stoohotintheroom.?A.leaveB.keepC.letD.make?8.Sheaskedforthreedays’______tolookafterhersickmother.?A.leaveB.restC.holidayD.break??stop的詞義及用法表“停止（動(dòng)作）”?stop+名詞（如stopwork停工）?Theworkersstoppedworkwhenthebellrangforlunch.（午餐鈴聲響起時(shí)，工人們停下了工作。）?stopdoingsth.（停止做某事）?Hestoppedreadingandlookedupwhenheheardaknockatthedoor.（聽到敲門聲時(shí)，他停下閱讀抬起了頭。）??表“停下（去做另一件事）”?stoptodosth.（停下來去做某事）?Westoppedtodrinksomewaterafterwalkingforanhour.（走了一個(gè)小時(shí)后，我們停下來喝了些水。）?表“阻止”?stopsb.fromdoingsth.（阻止某人做某事，from可省略）?Theteacherstoppedthestudentsfromtalkingduringtheexam.（考試時(shí)，老師阻止學(xué)生們說話。）?核心短語?stopby：順便拜訪?例：Canyoustopbymyhouseonyourwayhome?（你回家路上能順便來我家一趟嗎？）?etoastop：停下；停止?例：Thecarcametoastopinfrontofthestore.（車在商店前停了下來。）stopdoingsth.vsstoptodosth.?stopdoingsth.：停止正在做的事?例：Hestoppedreadingwhenthephonerang.（電話響時(shí)，他停下了閱讀。）?stoptodosth.：停下（當(dāng)前動(dòng)作）去做另一件事?例：Hestoppedtoanswerthephone.（他停下來去接電話。）即學(xué)即練：?1.Theteacheraskedusto______talkingandlistentoher.?A.stopB.leaveC.keepD.make?2.He______tohelptheoldmancarrytheheavybag.?A.stoppedB.leftC.forgotD.started?3.Thestudents______talkingwhentheteacherwalkedintotheclassroom.?A.stoppedB.leftC.finishedD.continued?4.They______totakephotoswhentheysawthebeautifulsunset.?A.stoppedB.forgotC.startedD.tried?5.Theheavyraindidn’t______usfromgoingonthetrip.?A.stopB.leaveC.makeD.let?6.Youcangetoffthebusatthenext______ifyouwanttogotothepark.?A.stopB.stationC.placeD.point?7.He______hiscarbytheroadandwentintotheshoptobuyabottleofwater.?A.stoppedB.leftC.parkedD.kept3.Herantothemquickly,wroteamessageforhelp,andtiedittoBigBlue'sleg.他迅速跑向他們，寫了一條求救信息，并把它綁在藍(lán)色巨人的腿上。tie的詞義及用法表“系；綁；打結(jié)”?tie+物品+地點(diǎn)（如tietheropetothetree把繩子系在樹上）?Hetiedhiscoattothebackpacktolightenhishands.（他把外套系在背包上，讓雙手輕松點(diǎn)。）??表“連接”：tieAtoB（把A和B連接起來）?Thenewpolicytiesenvironmentalprotectiontoeconomicdevelopment.（這項(xiàng)新政策把環(huán)境保護(hù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展聯(lián)系起來。）??名詞（領(lǐng)帶）：Heworeabluetiewithwhitedots.（他系了一條帶白點(diǎn)的藍(lán)色領(lǐng)帶。）?名詞（紐帶）：Familytiesareveryimportanttohim.（家庭紐帶對(duì)他來說非常重要。）?即學(xué)即練：?1.She______thedogtothefencebeforegoingintothehouse.?A.tiedB.linkedC.connected?2.Don't______thehorse______thesmalltree,orthetreemaybreak.?A.tie;toB.link;byC.connect;on?4.BigBlueflewupandthenreturnedaway.Therightaway.Thecaptainbecamemoreworried.藍(lán)色巨人飛了起來，然后幾乎馬上就回來了。船長變得更加擔(dān)心了。return的詞義及用法表“返回”：returnto+地點(diǎn)（回到某地）；returnhome（回家，home前不加to）例：ShewillreturntoschoolnextMonday.（她下周一將回到學(xué)校。）表“歸還”：returnsth.tosb.=returnsb.sth.（把某物還給某人）例：Pleasereturnthebooktothelibraryontime.（請(qǐng)按時(shí)把書還給圖書館。）表“恢復(fù)”：returnto+狀態(tài)（恢復(fù)到某種狀態(tài)）例：Hereturnedtonormalafterrestingforafewdays.（休息幾天后，他恢復(fù)了正常。）核心短語inreturn：作為回報(bào)例：Shehelpedmewithmyhomework,andIboughtherasnackinreturn.（她幫我輔導(dǎo)作業(yè)，我給她買了零食作為回報(bào)。）returnfrom：從……回來例：Hereturnedfromhistripyesterday.（他昨天旅行回來了。）returnvsgoback：return是及物動(dòng)詞，可直接加地點(diǎn)（returntosp.）；goback需加to接地點(diǎn)（gobacktosp.），且更口語化。例：Iwillreturntomyhometown.=Iwillgobacktomyhometown.（我會(huì)回到家鄉(xiāng)。）名詞（返回）：Hisreturnfromabroadmadehisparentshappy.（他從國外回來，父母很高興。）即學(xué)即練：He______thebiketohisfriendafterusingit.A.returnedB.gaveC.tookD.lentp.m.arentswill______homeat7:00p.m.today.A.returnB.goC.getD.arriveYoushould______thebooktothelibrarybeforeFriday.A.returnB.bringC.carryD.fetchShehelpedme,andIsaid“thankyou”______.A.inreturnB.infactC.intimeD.inallThey______fromthevillageyesterdaymorning.A.returnedB.cameC.wentD.leftworry的詞義及用法表“擔(dān)心某人/某事”sb./sth.boutsb./sth.（擔(dān)心……）例：Sheworriesabouthersickcat.（她擔(dān)心她生病的貓。）表“使擔(dān)心”：sth.worriessb.（某事使某人擔(dān)心）例：Thebadnewsworriedhismother.（這個(gè)壞消息讓他媽媽很擔(dān)心。）核心短語beworriedabout：為……感到擔(dān)心（強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)）例：Hisparentsareworriedabouthisstudy.（他的父母擔(dān)心他的學(xué)習(xí)。）noworry：別擔(dān)心（口語化表達(dá)）例：Noworry!Iwillhelpyoufinishit.（別擔(dān)心！我會(huì)幫你完成的。）名詞（擔(dān)憂）：Hermainworryisherlittlebrother’ssafety.（她主要的擔(dān)憂是弟弟的安全。）形容詞：Shelooksworriedbecauseshelostherkey.（她看起來很擔(dān)憂，因?yàn)樗齺G了鑰匙。）短語：Don’tbeworriedaboutme—Icantakecareofmyself.（別擔(dān)心我，我能照顧自己。）即學(xué)即練：Mymotheralways______aboutmyhealth.A.worriesB.thinksC.talksD.learnsThe______newsmadeallofussad.A.worryingB.worriedC.happyD.excitingDon’t______abouttheresult.Justtryyourbest.A.worryB.thinkC.careD.knowSheis______aboutherdogbecauseit’smissing.A.worriedB.happyC.angryD.tiredHismain______ishowtopassthemathexam.worryB.ideaC.planD.hope"That'sagoodsign,"saidthecaptainwithmorehope.“這是個(gè)好兆頭，”船長更有希望地說。sign的詞義及用法表“簽名；簽署”：sign+文件/名字（如signtheform簽表格；signone'sname簽名）?例：Pleasesignyournameatthebottomofthepaper.（請(qǐng)?jiān)诩埖牡撞亢炆夏愕拿?。?表“示意”：signtosb.todosth.（示意某人做某事）?例：Theteachersignedtoustobequiet.（老師示意我們安靜。）?表“預(yù)示”：sign+that從句（預(yù)示……）?例：Thedarkcloudssignthatitwillrainsoon.（烏云預(yù)示著很快要下雨了。）?表“標(biāo)志；指示牌”：a+形容詞+sign（如aroadsign路標(biāo)；awarningsign警示牌）?例：Thereisa"NoSmoking"signinthelibrary.（圖書館里有“禁止吸煙”的標(biāo)志。）?表“跡象”of...gnof...（……的跡象）?例：Hersmileisasignofhappiness.（她的微笑是幸福的跡象。）?核心短語?signup：報(bào)名；注冊(cè)?例：WecansignupfortheEnglishclubthisFriday.（我們這周五可以報(bào)名參加英語俱樂部。）?signin/out：簽到/簽退?例：Studentsmustsigninwhentheyenterthelab.（學(xué)生進(jìn)入實(shí)驗(yàn)室必須簽到。）?signvsmark（名詞“標(biāo)記”）：sign側(cè)重有特定含義的標(biāo)志、指示牌；mark指為了識(shí)別做的標(biāo)記，較隨意。?例：Followthesigntothehospital.（跟著去醫(yī)院的指示牌走。）；Hemadeamarkonthewall.（他在墻上做了個(gè)標(biāo)記。）?即學(xué)即練：?Please______yournameontheformbeforeyouhanditin.?A.signB.writeC.drawD.print?Thereisa______onthedoorthatsays"Push".?A.signB.markC.noteD.picture?Theteacher______ustostoptalking.?A.signedB.saidC.toldD.spoke?Wecan______forthemusicclassnextweek.?A.signupB.getupC.putupD.lookup?Thebrightsunshineisa______ofagoodday.?A.signB.wayC.partD.kind?hope的詞義及用法表“希望做某事”：hopetodosth.?例：Ihopetovisitmygrandparentsthisweekend.（我希望這周末去看望祖父母。）?表“希望某事發(fā)生”：hope+that從句（that可省略）?例：Shehopes(that)shecanpasstheexam.（她希望自己能通過考試。）注意：沒有hopesb.todosth.的結(jié)構(gòu)，若表達(dá)“希望某人做某事”，常用wishsb.todosth.或hopethat從句。?表“希望”：ahope（一個(gè)希望）；one'shope（某人的希望）?例：Hishopeistobeeadoctor.（他的希望是成為一名醫(yī)生。）?表“期望”of...hopeof...（……的期望）?例：Wehavethehopeofwinningthegame.（我們有贏得比賽的期望。）核心短語?inthehopeof：懷著……的希望?例：Hestudiedhardinthehopeofgettinggoodgrades.（他努力學(xué)習(xí)，懷著取得好成績的希望。）?hopefor：期待；希望得到?例：Wehopeforasunnydaytomorrow.（我們期待明天是晴天。）?hopevswish（動(dòng)詞“希望”）：hope表示可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望，后接todo或that從句；wish表示難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，可接todo、sb.todo或that從句（從句常用虛擬語氣）。?例：Ihopetogotocollege.（我希望上大學(xué)。）；IwishIcouldfly.（我希望自己會(huì)飛。）?形容詞（充滿希望的）：Sheishopefulaboutherfuture.（她對(duì)自己的未來充滿希望。）?即學(xué)即練：?I______toseeyouagainnextweek.?A.hopeB.wishC.wantD.need?She______thatherparentswillbeproudofher.?A.hopesB.wantsC.thinksD.says?Wehave______ofwinningthebasketballgame.?A.hopeB.wishC.ideaD.plan?Hestudiedhard______thehopeofpassingthetest.?A.inB.onC.atD.with?Thelittlegirlis______abouthernewschoollife.?A.hopefulB.hopelessC.carefulD.helpful?Hetookthenote,runningasfastashecouldtothepanyoffice.他拿著紙條，以最快的速度跑向公司辦公室。這句話是一個(gè)簡單句，包含兩個(gè)主要部分：謂語動(dòng)詞及其伴隨狀語，以及方式狀語和目的狀語。謂語：包含兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)作，由現(xiàn)在分詞連接，體現(xiàn)動(dòng)作的連貫性：runningasfastashecould（以最快的速度跑）：現(xiàn)在分詞短語running作伴隨狀語，說明“拿紙條”的同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；asfastashecould是方式狀語從句，修飾running，表示“盡可能快地”?，F(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語詳解?當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞（doing）在句中表示與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，且這個(gè)動(dòng)作是謂語動(dòng)作的伴隨狀態(tài)時(shí)，就構(gòu)成了現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。它能讓句子更簡潔，生動(dòng)展現(xiàn)動(dòng)作的連貫性。?核心特點(diǎn)：?動(dòng)作同時(shí)性：現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。?例：Shesatbythewindow,readingamagazine.（她坐在窗邊，讀著一本雜志?！白焙汀白x”同時(shí)進(jìn)行。）?邏輯主語一致：現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語必須一致，否則會(huì)出現(xiàn)語法錯(cuò)誤。?例：Hewalkedhome,singingasong.（邏輯主語是He，與句子主語一致，正確。）?例：Laughingloudly,theyranoutoftheroom.（大聲笑著，他們跑出了房間。）?即學(xué)即練：1.下列句子中，現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語的是（）?A.Thedancinggirlismysister.?B.Helikesplayingbasketballafterschool.?C.Theysatunderthetree,talkingabouttheirtrip.?D.Isawherdrawingapicture.?2.把“男孩們跑著，大聲笑著”翻譯成英文。?__________________________________________________________3.下列句子中語法正確的是（）?A.Walkinginthepark,adograntome.?B.Walkinginthepark,Imetanoldfriend.?C.Walkedinthepark,Isawmanyflowers.?D.Iwalkinginthepark,acatcrossedtheroad.?4.分析句子“Shewalkedhome,holdingabeautifulbag.”中“holdingabeautifulbag”的語法作用。?_________________________________________________________?5.用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語改寫句子：“HewatchedTV.Heatesnacks.”?__________________________________________________________?7.ThankstoArmy,peoplesenthelptotheship.多虧了軍隊(duì)，人們才派人來幫助這艘船。thanksto的詞義及用法介詞短語：幸虧；由于；因?yàn)椋ê蠼用~、代詞或動(dòng)名詞）?sb./sth.（表原因）：thanksto+sb./sth.?Thankstotherain,theflowersgrowwell.（幸虧這場雨，花長得很好。）后接動(dòng)名詞：thankstodoingsth.?Thankstoworkinghard,hepassedtheexam.（由于努力學(xué)習(xí)，他通過了考試。）?thankstovsbecauseof：兩者都表原因，但thanksto多含“感激”意味，強(qiáng)調(diào)好結(jié)果；becauseof僅說明原因，可接好或壞的結(jié)果。?Thankstoyourhelp,Ifinishedit.（幸虧你的幫助，我完成了。）；Iwaslatebecauseofthetraffic.（因?yàn)槎萝?，我遲到了。）?Thankstotheteacher’shelp,Iunderstoodtheproblem.（幸虧老師的幫助，我弄懂了這道題。）?Wearrivedontimethankstotheearlybus.（多虧了早班車，我們準(zhǔn)時(shí)到了。）?Thankstohiskindness,everyonefeltwarm.（因?yàn)樗纳屏迹蠹叶几械胶軠嘏?。?Theteamwonthegamethankstopracticingeveryday.（由于每天練習(xí)，這個(gè)隊(duì)贏得了比賽。）?Thankstomyparents,Ihaveahappylife.（幸虧我的父母，我過著幸福的生活。）?即學(xué)即練：______youradvice,Imadetherightchoice.