2024-2025學年北京市昌平區(qū)高一下學期期末英語試卷一、完形填空(★★★)TuanPhamwasfeelingprettygoodabouthimselfasheapproachedthe12-milemarkoftheLongBeachHalfMarathon(馬拉松).The_______onOct.15,2023,wasthe47-year-old’sseventhsuchevent,andhecouldn’twaittocelebrateatthefinishlinewithhisteenageson,whohadracedahead.Phamtookanothersteportwo,andthatwasthelastthinghe_______.Hehadnoideahowhefellface-firsttotheground,wherehe_______withoutmovingasrunnersskirtedhim.Hehadnoheartbeat,norwashebreathing.JustasPham_______theground,RyanChiu,asurgeon(外科醫(yī)生)fromLongBeachMedicalCenter,wasleavingarestaurantafewfeetaway.Dr.Chiu_______recognizedwhatwashappening.HerantoPham’ssideandbeganchestcompressions(胸部按壓).Heenlistedthehelpofabystander,whotookoveroncompressionswhileDr.Chiu_______hishospitalandtoldthemtoprepareanoperatingroomandgatherasurgicalteam.Minuteslater,anambulancearrived.DoctorsliftedupPhamand_______himtothehospital,withDr.Chiufollowinginhisowncar.ThesurgerythatDr.Chiuperformedwasa_______,andPhamisaliveandwell—wellenoughtoreturntotherouteoftheLongBeachHalfMarathonandpickupwherehe_______.Phamlikelywouldn’thavehadthat__________iffortunehadn’tsteppedin.IfChiuhadlefttherestaurantearly,hewouldneverhaveseenPhamfalling.“Ican’tbelievethefirstguytoseemefall,toshowupandgivemehelp,wasasurgeon,”Phamtoldthereporter.“HowluckyIam!”1.A．runB．walkC．jumpD．climb2.A．expectedB．wantedC．rememberedD．tried3.A．satB．stoodC．stoppedD．lay4.A．hitB．foundC．coveredD．left5.A．immediatelyB．graduallyC．especiallyD．naturally6.A．searchedB．calledC．paidD．showed7.A．a(chǎn)llowedB．spedC．forcedD．invited8.A．warningB．rewardC．successD．preparation9.A．movedonB．backedupC．calmeddownD．leftoff10.A．connectionB．opportunityC．challengeD．a(chǎn)ccident二、語法填空(★★)閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號所給詞的正確形式填空。HalimatuisayoungvolunteerworkinginavillageinSierraLeone.Whileshewasdoingdoor-to-doorvisits,andencouragingcommunitiestopracticehandwashing,people11(say)thattheydidn’thaverunningwaterandcouldn’taffordsoap.12(disappoint)bywhattheytoldher,Halimatudecidedtolearnhowtomakeatippy-tap,ahands-freewaytowashyourhandsandissuitedforvillages.Halimatu13(help)morecommunitiessincethen.(★★)閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號所給詞的正確形式填空。OiBaishi(1864-1957)isoneofthemostwell-knownChinesepainters14theplayfulstyleofhiswatercolorworks.Inhispainting“MouseandCatwithaLamp(燈)”,amouseisstandingonthetopofalongpole15alampishung.Underthepoleisacat.Despitetheimage’ssimplecomposition,themovingandstillpartsareboththere,16(create)astrikingsituation.Theimagesofmouseandcatareverydifferentfromeachother,17causesaheartylaugh.(★★)閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號所給詞的正確形式填空。Active18(learner)donotaccepteverythingtheylearn.Theyattempttofindthetruthattheheartofeachidea.Evenwhenanideasounds19(entire)unlikely,theremaybeanaspectofitthatisbasedontruth.Soifsomeonesaysthatdinosaursstillexisttoday,thinkabout20theybelievethis.Ifyoutrytofindoutthesourceofanidea,nomatterhowcrazyitseems,youwillincreaseyourchanceoflearningsomething.三、閱讀理解(★★)FIRST(ForInspirationandRecognitionofScienceandTechnology)isaglobalnonprofitorganizationthatpreparesyoungpeopleforthefuturethroughteam-basedroboticsprogramsforages4-18.FIRSThoststhousandsofeventsaroundtheglobeannually.TheseeventsaremadepossiblethroughthesupportofeventvolunteerswhoworkalongwithotherswhoreallylikethetaskofFIRSTtorunseasonaleventsatthelocal,regional,andeveninternationallevels.Eventvolunteerscanbe:●FIRSTgraduates●Non-profitorganizationstaffsupportingorparticipatinginroboticsprograms●Parentsofroboticsprogramstudents●Teachers/Professorsteachingororganizingscienceprojects●Expertsinrelatedfields(e.g.,engineers,programmers)●EmployeesofTechcompanies●UndergraduatesandteachersincollegesAsaneventvolunteeryouwill:●Becomeresponsiblemembersoftheglobalcommunitywhorecognizethatyourcollectiveskillscancreatemeaningfulchangesinsomeone’slife,inthecommunity,andevenintheworld.●Joinacommunityoflike-mindedindividualsthatsupportFIRSTprograms.●ReceivegeneralFIRSTtrainingandtrainingforyourvolunteerrole.●Gainvaluableskillsincertainfieldsthatmaybegoodforyourfuturejobs.●Haveachancetogettrainingrecordsofvolunteerism.Nomatterwhatlevelyouwanttobeinvolvedin,thereisaroleforyou,fromsafetyworkerstojudges,andhoststoofficials.Somerolesrequirealittletimewithquickpreparationsontheday.Otherrolesrequirepre-eventtrainingandlongerparticipationoneventdays.Technicalandnon-technicaleventvolunteerrolesarereadytosupportFIRSTprograms.Howtosignup:FirstyoushouldcreateanaccountintheFIRSTwebsite:sign-upisinthetoprightcornerofthispageorbyclickingthe“StartVolunteerRegistration”buttonbelow.ThenclicktheVolunteerRegistrationtab&choose“VolunteeratanEvent”.Youcansearcheventsbylocationandchooseuptofiveroles.Youmustenteryoure-mail:Thisemailwillbeusedtoreceivetheresultandgetyourpasswordifyouforgetit.Beforereceivinganemailtocheckyourvolunteerrole,youshouldfillinayouthprotectionbackgroundsurvey.21.WhoislikelytobecomeaFIRSTeventvolunteer?

A．FIRSTparticipants.B．Scienceteachers.C．Governmentstaff.D．Expertsinbusiness.22.WhatwillFIRSTeventvolunteersreceivefromtheirwork?

A．Certainjoboffersinrelatedfields.B．Smallgiftsfortheirtimeandeffort.C．Basictrainingandrole-specificpreparation.D．Chancestomeetindividualsofvariousinterests.23.Whatdoapplicantsneedtododuringthesign-up?

A．Completeabackgroundcheck.B．Checktheresultonthewebsite.C．Createanewemailaccount.D．Searchforeventsbytime.(★★★)Inatech-drivenworld,CaineMonroy,ayounginventivetalent,stoodoutwithhisimaginationandcleverness,provingthatacardboardboxandadreamcanproducesomethingextraordinary.Itbeganin2011whennine-year-oldCainespenthissummervacationathisfather’scarpartsstoreinEastLosAngeles.Withfewfriendstoplaywithhefoundjoyinmakingacardboardgameroomwithgameslikebasketballgoals,atoy-catchingmachine,andsoccer.Hiscreativitywasendless,andheranhisgameroomwithpassion,charging$1fortwoturnsor$2foraFunPasswith500turns.Despitehiscreativityandhardwork,atfirst,fewpeoplepayattentiontoCaine’sgameroom,duetoitslocationwithlittlefoottraffic.However,Cainebelievedthatonedayhe’dhavecustomers.Hisgameroomwastoogoodforpeoplenottoenjoy.Hekeptworkingeveryday,building,improving,andmakingitbetter.Thenadocumentaryfilmmaker,NirvanMullick,discoveredthegameroomandwasimpressedbyCaine’sdetermination,leadingtoashortfilmabouthim.Thedocumentary“Caine’sgameroom”becamepopularonsocialmedia,reachingallovertheworldandinspiringmanytovalueimaginationandcreativity.Thedocumentarybecamepopular,andsuddenly,Caine’sgameroombecameawidelybigsuccess.Hundredsofpeoplelinedupatthecarpartsstore,eagertoexperiencethewonderofthecardboardgameroom.Thesmall,one-dollargamesthatoncesatunnoticedandoverlookednowattractedattentionfromallcornersoftheglobe.IthasalsobecomeaninspirationforteacherswhousetheconceptforSTEAMlessonsandsummerprojects.Caine’spopularityasaspeakercomesfromhisremarkableexperience,withsixForbesfeaturesandover250,000mediaimpressionsworldwide.HehasgiventwoTedXTalksandispreparingforathird.HisspeakingactivitieshavetakenhimtofamouseventsliketheCannesLionsFestivalandlocationsincludingNewYork,SanFrancisco,USC,andtheWhiteHouse,allbeforehis18thbirthday.Currently,Caineisstudyingatcollegeandwritinghisfirstshowbook.Heremainsapopularspeakerandisarolemodelformanyyoungindividuals,inspiringthemtowelcometheircreativity.24.Cainebuiltthegameroomdueto.

A．hisshortageoffriendsB．hispopularityC．hisendlessideasD．hisexpectations25.HowdidCainefeelwhennocustomerscametohisgameroom?

A．Upset.B．Angry.C．Hopeful.D．Surprised.26.HowdidCainegainglobalattention?

A．Thelowpriceofhisgameroommadehimfamous.B．Customersintroducedhisgameroomtomorepeople.C．Adocumentaryofhisgameroomspreadwidelyonline.D．STEAMlessonshecreatedwithteachersbecamepopular.27.WhatcanwelearnfromCaine’sstory?

A．Dreambigandstartsmall.B．Fortunefavorsthebraveperson.C．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.D．Creativityinviteslucktoknock.(★★★★)Extremeweatherevents,suchastornadoes,cancausewidespreaddamagetoforests,leadingtoenvironmentalandfinanciallosses.Whentreesfallduringthesestorms,ecosystemsmightbeinfluenced,increasingforestmanagementcosts.Asclimatechangeworsens,severestormsareexpectedtobecomemorefrequent,makingitimportanttounderstandhowforestsrespondtowindstress.Whilepreviousstudieshaveexploredhowtreesreacttowind,itisunclearwhethertheseresponsesremainthesameacrossdifferentforestconfigurations.Withthisaim,ateamofresearchersledbyAssociateProfessorKanaKamimura,testedhowtreesmoveundervariousforestarrangementsandweatherconditions,includinghowtreeswithstandwind.Theresearchaimstoexplainhowwindsdirectlyimpacttreesandhowtreesreducethestressfromwindtosurvive.Toachievethis,researcherssetuptwoexperimentalareasofcedartrees,inNovember2017.Inthefirstplot,P-100wasmadeupof3,000treesperhectare,creatingathickforest.Inthesecondplot,P-50,halfofthetreeswereremovedforthisresearch,leaving1,500treesperhectare.Overtwoyears,theteamwatched24treesinthedense(密集的)areaand12inthethinnedarea,usingtoolstotracktherangeoftreesmovementduringvariouswindconditions.Thetrackingperiodincludedmanytyphoons,suchasTyphoonTrami,in2018,whichcausedsignificantdamagetothethinnedplot.Theresearchersfoundthatcedartreesshowtwocompletelydifferentswayingpatternsdependingonwindspeed.Inlightwinds,thetreesswayedataround2to2.3cyclespersecond,withtheirbranchestakinginmuchofthewindenergy,protectingthetrunksandrootsfromwindstress.However,athigherwindspeeds,thetreeschangedtoaslowerswayingpatternof0.2to0.5cyclespersecond.Inthiscase,thewholetreeswayedtogether,changingforceacrossthetrunkandroots,increasingtheprobabilityofbreakageoruprooting.Interestingly,thechangebetweenthesetwoswayingpatternsoccurredatdifferentwindspeeds,dependingontheforestdensity.Inthedensearea,thetreesswitchedpatternsatwindspeedsbetween1.79and7.44meterspersecond.Incontrast,inthethinnedplot,thechangeoccurredatslightlylowerwindspeeds,rangingfrom1.57to5.63meterspersecond.Thisstudyoffersvaluableunderstandingforbalancingthinningwithwindresistanceinforestmanagementtosupportlong-lastingforestrypractices,andhelpforestsgothroughextremeclimatechanges.28.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A．Theresultsofthepreviousstudies.B．Thepracticalreasonsfortheresearch.C．Thepotentialeffectsofextremeweather.D．Thechallengesbroughtbyclimatechanges.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“configurations”inParagraph2probablymean?

A．Areas.B．Sizes.C．Types.D．Layouts.30.Whatcanweinferfromthestudyconductedbytheresearchers?

A．Thetreestendtoswaymoreviolentlyasthewindbecomesstronger.B．Thebranchesoftreestookinmostofthewindenergyinstrongwind.C．Plantingtreesinathinnedpatterncanhelpprotecttreesfromstorms.D．Treesinthinnedplotschangetheirswayingpatterninlighterwinds.31.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A．Tocallonpeopletoplantmoretreesinthinnedarea.B．Toraisepeople’sawarenessofenvironmentprotection.C．Toofferideasforamorereasonableforestmanagement.D．Tocomparethedifferentswayingpatternsoftreesinstorms.(★★★★)Thisarticlewaswrittenbyahumanbeing,butAItechnologythatcanautomaticallycreatetextisontheriseinmanyareas.Aspeopledependonsuchthings,ensuringcorrectandclearresponsesandinformationtotheirusersbecomesimportant.Manyfamiliartools,includingChatGPTandothers,appearveryfluentinwhatevertheydeliver,buttheirresponsesoftenincludemade-upcontenttheyproduceandcannotbefullytrusted.Usersunfamiliarwiththetopicmaymistakenlyacceptincorrectinformation,especiallysinceAIpresentsresponseswithconfidenttones.“Youcan’tfailtonoticehowsomeAIsystemscanexplainclearlywhilestillproducingoftensignificanterrors,”ProfessorTakamitsuWatanabefromtheInternationalResearchCenterforNeurointelligence(WPI-IRCN)toldthereporter.“ButwhatstruckmyteamandmewasasimilaritybetweenthisbehaviorandthatofpeoplewithWernicke’saphasia(失語癥),wheresuchpeoplespeakfluentlybutdon’talwaysmakemuchsense.ThatcausedustowonderifthewaytheseAIsystemsworkcouldbesimilartothoseofthehumanbrainaffectedbyaphasia,andifso,whattheremindersmightbe.”Toexplorethisidea,theteamusedamethodcalledenergylandscapeanalysis,atechniqueoriginallydevelopedbyphysicistsseekingtovisualize(視覺化)energystates,butwhichwasrecentlyadaptedforneuroscience.Theyexaminedpatternsinrestingbrainactivityfrompeoplewithdifferenttypesofaphasiaandcomparedthemtointernaldatafromseveralpubliclyavailablelargelanguagemodels(LLMs).Andintheiranalysis,theteamdiddiscoversomestrikingsimilarities.ThewaydigitalinformationorsignalsaremovedaroundandguidedwithintheseAImodelscloselymatchedthewaysomebrainsignalsbehavedinthebrainsofpeoplewithcertaintypesofaphasia,includingWernicke’saphasia.“Youcanimaginetheenergylandscapeasasurfacewithaballonit.Whenthere’sacurve(彎曲),theballmayrolldownandcometorest,butwhenthecurvesareshallow,theballmayrollaroundeverywhere,”Watanabeexplained.“Inaphasia,theballrepresentstheperson’sbrainstate.InLLMs,itrepresentsthecontinuingsignalpatterninthemodelbasedonitsinstructionsandinternaldataset.”Theresearchhasseveralreminders.Forneuroscience,itoffersapossiblenewwaytogroupandtrackconditionslikeaphasiabasedoninternalbrainactivityratherthanjustvisiblesigns.ForAI,itcouldleadtobettertestingtoolsthathelpengineersimprovethestructureofAIsystemsfromtheinsideout.Though,despitethesimilaritiestheresearchersdiscovered,theystronglyadvisednottomaketoomanyassumptions.32.ProfessorWatanabecomparesAIsystemswithaphasiapatientstoshow.

A．AIsystemscanexplainclearlyB．AIandaphasiabrainsarealikeC．itishardtoimproveAIsystemD．a(chǎn)phasiabrainsareaffectedbyAI33.WhatcanwelearnfromprofessorWatanabe’sresearch?

A．LLMshavecopiedhumanthinkingprocess.B．Aphasiapatientscanbecuredforitsobvioussigns.C．Languagesignalsareguidedtocertainareaofbrains.D．Problemsoccurduringtheprocessofsignalmoving.34.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A．AIOverconfidenceMirrorsHumanBrainConditionB．AIStructureReflectsHowHumanBrainDevelopsC．AIImprovementFollowsHumanBrainResearchD．AISystemReshapesHuman’sWayofSpeaking(★★★)Impostorsyndromeisthefeelingthatpeoplehavewhentheydoubttheirabilities,evenwhentheyhavebeensuccessfulorhavereceivedpraise.Theyworrythatoneday,everyonewillrealizetheyarefaking(假冒)it.Itwasfirstdescribedin1978,whenresearchersobserveditinsuccessfulbusinesswomen.However,itcanaffectpeopleofallsexesandcareers.Studiesestimatethat82%ofpeopleexperienceitatsomepointintheirlives.35Forexample,womenworkinginfieldswithmalemajoritiesorminoritystudentsoftensufferfromit.Peoplewithimpostorsyndromehavesomesharedcharacteristics.36Whentheysucceed,theyfrequentlycredittheirsuccesstoluckratherthantheirskills.Manyarealsouncomfortablereceivingpraiseandoftenworkharderthannecessarytoprovetheirworth.Manyfactorscancontributetoimpostorsyndrome.37Childrenwithcontrollingoroverprotectiveparentsoftendevelopthesefeelingslaterinlife.Startingsomethingnew,likeajoborschoolprogram,canalsocauseimpostorsyndromesincepeoplemaybeshortofexperienceintheirnewroles.Thegoodnewsisthatpeoplecantakeseveralapproachestoovercomeit.Onemethodistotalkaboutyourdoubtswithothers.Sharingyourfeelingsreduceslonelinessandallowsotherstoremindyouofyourtrueabilities.38Savepositivefeedbackfromothersandtrackyourachievementstoserveasreminderswheneverdoubtarises.39Focusonprogressratherthanexcellence.Whenyoumakemistakes,viewthemaschancestolearninsteadofproofthatyouareafake.Joiningsupportgroupscanalsohelpyourealizethatyouarenotaloneinthefightagainstimpostorsyndrome.Rememberthatfeelinglikeanimpostordoesn’tmeanyouareone.Byusingthesestrategiestoovercomeimpostorsyndrome,youmaystopfeelinglikeafakeandtrulyenjoyyoursuccess.

A．Anotherusefulstrategyistostoptryingtobeperfect.B．Self-awarenesscanturnimpostorsyndromeintoagrowthtool.C．Researchsuggeststhatfamilyupbringingplaysanimportantrole.D．Highachieversinseniorpositionsaremorelikelytoexperienceit.E．Theytendtobeindividualswhoaimtobeperfectineverythingtheydo.F．Itisalsoimportanttocelebrateyoursuccessesinsteadofoverlookingthem.G．Itisespeciallycommonamongpeoplewhofeeldifferentfromtheirage-mates.(★★★)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。Therearecountlessmetaphorsformemory.It’saleakybucket,asteeltrap,apapercontainer,andwordswritteninsand.ButhaveyoueverthoughtthatourmemoriesarealotlikeaLegoTower:It’sbuiltfromthegroundup,thenbrokendown,putawayinbinsandrebuiltinaslightlydifferentformeachtimeit’stakenout.PsychologistsCiaraGreeneandGillianMurphyexplainthismetaphorintheirnewbook,MemoryLane.PerhapsthecomparisonspeakstomebecauseIhavewatchedmykidscreateamazingvillagesofLegobricks,onlytobetakenapart,putawayandreconstructed,alwayswithasimilaroverallstructurebutwithlittleandoccasionallymajorchanges.Memoryworksthisway,too,GreeneandMurphythink.“AswewalkdownMemoryroad,thebuildingswepass—ourmemoriesofindividualevents—areunderrepeatedreconstruction,”GreeneandMurphywrite.Ineasy-to-understandwriting,thebookcoversalotofground,fromhowweformmemoriestohowdelicate(精致的)thosememoriesreallyare.Readersmayfinditinterestingtolearnhowbadweallareatrememberingwhywedidsomething,fromsmallchoices,likebuyinganalbum,toimportantones.Peoplechangetheirreasoning—oratl