UNIT4HISTORYANDTRADITIONSListeningandSpeaking

ListeningandSpeakingLeading-inHaveyouheardaboutQufu?Howmuchhaveyoulearntaboutit?·Yes.Qufuhasmorethan2,500yearsofhistory.BestknownasthehometownofChina's"firstsage"Confucius,itwasthehomeofofhisdescendants—whooftenruledtheplaceasfeudalrulers-formanycenturies.孔府孔林Beforeyoulisten，lookatsomephotosofQufu.Whatcanyousayabouttheseplaces?Activity1TempleofConfucius：Themostfamousandlargesttemplehonouringthegreatsage，itisalsoaUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.Itcovers16，000squaremetresandhas460rooms.Themainpartconsistsofninecourtyardswithseveralgates.DachengHallstandsatthecentreandistheprincipalplaceforofferingsacrificestoConfucius.KongFamilyMansion：LocatedtotheeastoftheTempleofConfucius，thiswasthehistoricalhomeofthedescendantsofConfuciusfromwheretheymanagedsitesandceremoniesinQufu.Todayitisamuseum.CemeteryofConfucius：ThisiswhereConfuciusandhisdescendantsareburied.Therearemorethan10，000ofthem，buriedhereover2，000years.Thecemeteryhashadmanyrenovationsandextensionsinitshistory.ListentoaconversationbetweenaBritishtouristandaChinesestudentinQufu，andthenwritedownwhattheysayaboutConfucius.

Activity2Hewasawiseman.Helivedover2，500yearsago.Confuciushasover3milliondescendants.Hewasagreateducatorandhadmanyideasabouteducation.Hewasoneofthegreatestmindsinhistory.>聽力文本W(wǎng)illiam：Excuseme，doyouspeakEnglish?

I’mlookingfortheConfuciusTemple，butI’mnotgoodatmaps—they’remyAchilles’heel!XiaoKong：Oh，hello，yes.Comewithme—I’mgoingtothetemplerightnow.Bytheway，whatdoes“Achilles’heel”mean?William：Oh，itmeansthatsomethingismyweakness—I’mreallybadwithmaps!SodoyouknowmuchaboutConfucius?He’soneofmyfavouritephilosophers.Hewassuchawiseman.XiaoKong：Oh，yes.Iwasbornhere.Infact，IbelieveIamadescendantofConfuciushimself.William：Noway，you’repullingmyleg，right?Sohowdoyouknowyou’rerelatedtoConfucius?Didn’theliveover2，500yearsago?XiaoKong：Yes，buthisfamilytreeiswellrecorded.Hehasoverthreemilliondescendants.Sorryagain，whatdoes“pullingmyleg”mean?William：Oh，sorry，itmeanstojokewithsomeone.Anyway，soyou’reactuallygoingtothetempletopayrespectstoyourrelative?XiaoKong：Well，yes.ButI’malsomeetingmystudygroupthere.WearedoingaresearchprojectonConfucius’ideasoneducation.Youknow，Confuciuswasagreateducator，andhehadmanygreatideasabouteducation.Forexample，hetalkedabouttherelation-shipbetweenlearningandreflecting.Hebelievedthatlearningwithoutreflectingleadstoconfusion...Oh，look，thetempleisjustoverthere.>聽力文本W(wǎng)illiam：Oh，great!What’sthatbigbuildingoverthere?XiaoKong：Oh，that’sthefamousDachengHall.Youknow，it’ssowell-respectedinQufuthatnootherbuildinginthecitycanbetallerthanit.William：Wow，nowthat’srespect.That’salittlebitlikemyhometown—Stratford-upon-Avon.XiaoKong：Wait，youmeanwhereShakespearewasfrom?Whatacoincidence—ConfuciusandShakespeare，twoofthegreatestmindsinhistory!IreallywanttovisittheUK—I’mreallyinterestedinBritishhistoryandculture.William：Oh，that’sgreat!Solaterwecangoforacupofteaandhaveachataboutit.Anditwouldbegreatifyoucouldtakemesomewheretogetmywatchfixed.XiaoKong：OK，noproblem!Socomeandmeetmystudygroup—wecantellyouallaboutthetemple.AndhowlongareyoustayinginQufu?IcanshowyoutheCemeteryofConfuciusandtheKongFamilyMansionaswell...William：Really?That’ssokind!IneedallthehelpIcanget—I’mlikeafishoutofwater!Listenagainanddecidewhetherthesestatementsaretrue（T），false（F），ornotmentioned（NM）.Thenanswerthequestion.Activity31

Confuciussaidthatlearningwithoutunderstandingleadstoconfusion.T□F□NM□2

XiaoKongisdoingaresearchprojectonConfuciusphilosophy.T□F□NM□3

AsoneofConfucius’descendants,XiaoKong’snameisrecordedinthefamilytree.T□F□NM□4

DachengHallisthetallestbuildinginQufu.T□F□NM□·WhydoyouthinkWilliamsaidhishometownwassimilartoQufu?A

Therearefamoushallsinhishometown.B

Therearenotallbuildingsinhishometown.C

Bothplaceshaveafamouspersonwhowasbornthere.D

Hishometowndoesn’tallowotherbuildingstobemorenoticeablethanthehistoricbuildings. √√√√√UnderstandidiomsAnidiomisanexpressionwhichmeanssomethingdifferentfromthemeaningoftheindividualwords.Someidiomspresentanideaorpaintapicturethatgivesahintastothemeaning.Otheridiomscanonlybeunderstoodfromthecontextinwhichtheyappear.

WritedowntheEnglishidiomsthatareusedintheconversation.ExplaintheirmeaningsandthinkaboutsomeChineseequivalents.Activity4somethingthatissomeone’sweaknesstojokewithsomeoneSomeonewhofeelsuncomfortablebecausetheyareinannfamiliarplace弱點(diǎn)；要害戲弄如芒在背Discussthequestionsingroups. Activity5WhatdoyouknowaboutConfucius’ideasoneducation?Thinkoftwoorthreeexamples.WhatelsedoyouknowaboutConfuciusandhisphilosophy?2

Thinkaboutahistoricsitethatyouhavevisited，andgiveanintroductiontoits

historyandimportance. EducationwasoneofConfucius’corevalues.Hebelievedlearningaboutthepastwouldhelpusknowthefuture.Healsothoughteducationhelpedourconfidencewhichwouldhelpbringpeaceandrosperity.Healsothoughtitwasimportanttouseandapplywhatwehavelearntinoureducation.Confuciuswasagreatthinker，educator，andphilosopher.HisprincipleshadagreatinfluenceonChinesetraditionsandbeliefs.Hebelievedstronglyinstrongfamilyloyaltyandrespectforothers.Hebelievedintheso-called“goldenrule”ofphilosophy：Donotdotootherswhatyoudonotwantotherstodotoyou（己所不欲，勿施于人）.IvisitedtheMogaoCaveswithmyfamilyrecently.Theyarefamousfortheiramazingpaintingsandstatues.TheywereconstructedovermanydynastiesandareanimportantrecordoftraditionandbeliefinChinaduringthattime.Readthispartofthepoem“If—”writtenbyBritishpoetRudyardKipling.Noticethelinkingsounds.Thenmarkthelinkingsoundsafterthemodel.PronunciationActivity1Repeatthepoemaftertherecording.

Activity2Languagepoints教材原句p.38 WhydoyouthinkWilliamsaidhishometownwassimilartoQufu?

你認(rèn)為為什么威廉說他的家鄉(xiāng)和曲阜相像？

核心詞匯1besimilarto

和……相似Myteachingstyle

is

similar

tothatofmostteachers.我的教學(xué)風(fēng)格和大多數(shù)老師的相似。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Ithinkhispronunciationissimilartothatofthenative.我認(rèn)為他的發(fā)音和本地人相似。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］【用法比較】besimilarin在……方面相似Thetwocarsareverysimilar

insizeanddesign.這兩輛汽車的大小和設(shè)計(jì)都非常相似。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］【歸納拓展】bethesameas與……相同bedifferentfrom與……不同bedifferentin在……方面不同

題組練·領(lǐng)悟方法單句語法填空（1）Atourfactorythereareafewmachinessimilar

thosedescribedinthismagazine.（2）Thetwomenaresimilar

appearance.（3）Inmanyways，theeducationsystemintheUSisnotverydifferent

thatintheUK.完成句子（4）Iboughtsomenewshoeswhich

（與……非常相似）apairIhadbefore.（5）Paul

（在……方面相似）appearancetohisbrother.toinareverysimilartofrom

issimilarin教材原句p.39Achilles’heel（喻）（希臘神話）阿喀琉斯的腳跟，致命的弱點(diǎn)2Achilles’heel（喻）（希臘神話）阿喀琉斯的腳跟，致命的弱點(diǎn)Adam’sAchilles’heelisthatheisnotconfident.亞當(dāng)?shù)闹旅觞c(diǎn)是他不自信。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］【歸納拓展】英語常用習(xí)語俚語：pullsb.’sleg同某人開玩笑

flyoffthehandle大發(fā)雷霆

overthemoon欣喜若狂laughone’shead（s）off大笑不止，狂笑不已

beallears全神貫注地聽，洗耳恭聽bechild’splay極容易做；輕而易舉 greenf