2024-2025學(xué)年湖北省仙桃市高一下學(xué)期期末質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題一、閱讀理解(★★★)TheNationalGalleryDiscoverthecollectionTheNationalGallerydisplaysoneofthefinestandmostcomprehensivecollectionsofEuropeanpainting.Itincludesmanyfamousworks,suchasVanEyck’sArnolfiniPortrait,Velazquez’sRokebyVenus,Turner’sFightingTemeraireandVanGogh’sSunflowers.AllmajortraditionsofWesternEuropeanpaintingarerepresentedfromtheartistsoflatemedievalandRenaissanceItalytotheFrenchImpressionists.Thisplanwillhelpyoutoexplorethecollection.Youmaywishtostartbyfindingoneofthefamouspaintingsillustratedoverleaf.YoucanalsoplanyourrouteusingtheArtStarttouch-screenguides.Freeguidedtoursandavarietyofaudioguidesareavailable.Forfurtherinformation,askatInformationDesksorpickuptheWhat’sOnandBookNowguidesforfulldetailsoftalks,toursandfamilyevents.ApubliccollectionThepaintingsintheNationalGallerybelongtothepublicandentrancetoseethemisfree.TheGallerywasfoundedin1824,butitdidnotacquireitscurrenthome,designedbyWilliamWilkins,until1838.ThesiteinTrafalgarSquarewaschosenforitscentrallocation,accessibletoboththerichofWestLondonandthepoorercommunitiesoftheEastEnd.Thebuildinghasbeenextendedandimprovedovertheyears,mostnotablyin1991withtheopeningoftheSainsburyWing,designedbyVenturi,ScottBrown&Associates.TheGallerycontinuestoensurethatthewidestpossiblepubliccanenjoythepaintings.Ifyoudonotwishtokeepthisplan,pleasereturnittoanInformationDeskforrecycling.1.HowcanvisitorsfindtheillustratedpaintingSunflowers?

A．Askforanaudioguide.B．ReadBookNowguides.C．Searchitonthebackoftheplan.D．UsetheArtStarttouch-screenguides.2.WhatcanbelearnedabouttheNationalGallerybuilding?

A．Ithasbeenexpandedovertime.B．ItwasdesignedbyVenturialone.C．WilkinsdesignedtheSainsburyWing.D．Itscurrentformwascompletedin1824.3.Whereisthetextmostlikelyfrom?

A．Apersonaldiary.B．Atravelwebsite.C．Asciencemagazine.D．Amuseumleaflet.(★★)Notlongbeforewritingthisnote,IsetoutwithGracietohikeafavoritetrail,whichishowIfoundmyselfoutofbreathupasteepBerkshireshillsideinlate-wintersnow.Thetrailhadn’tbeenbroken,andtherewasawildwind.Ipausedatafork.Onewayledtothehighestpointinthepreserve,ourgoalfortheday,andtheotherdescended,wrappedaroundthecliffandbacktotheparkingarea.Alongerbuteasiertrailthatpassedbyanimpressivebeaverdamwealwayslovedtosee.Graciesat,herwaggingtailmakingaone-wingedsnowangel.IthoughtofcancersurvivorLynneHartke’sbravestoryinthisissue,aboutstruggletoreachthetopofElMinsti,adormantvolcanoinPeru,andthelessonshelearned.LikeLynne,Ihatetogiveupbeforereachingagoal,evenifminewasmoremodest.Yetmaybe,likeLynne,IshouldrecognizethatmyplanisnotalwaysGod’splan,nottodayatleast,andmaybenotonanygivenday.Wedon’tpickstoriesforanissuearoundacertaintheme.Still,athemesometimessuggestsitselfasthepiecesdevelop.Takeourcoverstory,byMaryBryantShrader.Herplanwastobecomeahard-chargingcorporatelawyer.Nowshe’saYouTubecookingstarandprepper,teachingpeopletraditionalwaysofkeepingakitchen.Littledidsheknowhowthatphilosophywouldinfluenceherfaithinamomentofcrisis.Inherstory,NightandDay,allJessicaReeddesiredforwastobenormal.Yetwasherideaof“normal”God’sidea?Takeacross-countryridewithJimHinchandsoninTheTwoDudes,andwitnesshowthebest-laidplansofafathercantakeadifferentturn.Inmylife,I’velearnedthatthepathlaidoutbeforemewasnottheoneIthoughtIwouldfollow.Andyetithasbroughtgreatfortune.Evenonalate-winterdayonasnowyhillsidetrail.“Comeon,Gracie,”Isaid.“Let’sgoseethebeavers.”4.Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenpausingatthefork?

A．Confident.B．Hesitant.C．Determined.D．Impatient.5.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“modest”inparagraph2?

A．Ordinary.B．Challenging.C．Expensive.D．Hidden.6.WhatiscommonamongLynneHartke,MaryShrader,andJessicaReed?

A．Theyfailedincareer.B．Theyshiftedpersonalgoals.C．Theybrokeformerplans.D．Theyfoundfaiththroughnature.7.Whydoestheauthorwritethispassage?

A．Tocriticizestrictplanning.B．Topromotereligiousbeliefs.C．Toencourageflexiblethinking.D．Todescribeahikingadventure.(★★★)Dogshavebeenclosefour-leggedfriendsofhumansforaslongaswecanremember,butexactlyhowlonghasthisrelationshiplasted?Scientistsmayfinallyhaveananswer,thankstoanewstudyonancienthumanremainsfoundinAlaska.Theresearchsuggeststhatthestrongbondbetweenhumansandtheancestorsoftoday’sdogsbegan12,000yearsago.“WenowhaveproofthatdogsandhumanshadcloseconnectionsearlierthanwethoughtintheAmericas,”saidthestudy’sleadauthor,FrancoisLaneo,anassistantresearcherattheUniversityofArizona’sSchoolofAnthropology.“PeopleinterestedintheoriginsoftheAmericanswanttoknowifthefirsthumansarrivedwithdogs.Untilwefindtheseanimalsinolddiggingsites,wecanonlyguess—it’shardtoconfirm.Thisdiscoveryisverysignificant.”Ina2018archaeologicalstudy,thesameteamfoundalowerlegbonefromanadultdoglikeanimalatasiteinAlaska.Carbondatingshowedtheanimallived12,000yearsago,neartheendoftheIceAge.Morerecently,inJune2023,theteamdugupan8,100-year-oldjawbonefromasimilaranimalatanearbysite.Forthenewstudy,scientistsperformedchemicaltestsonthesebones.Theyfoundsalmonproteins,suggestingtheseanimalsatefishregularly.Thiswasunusualbecausedog-likeanimalsatthetimeonlyhuntedlandanimals,showinghumaninfluence.Whiletheteambelievesthisistheearliestknownrelationshipbetweenhumansanddogs,theysayit’stoosoontobecertain.Akeyquestionremains:“Whatdefinesadog?”saidDr.BenPot,aco-authorofthestudyandanarchaeologistattheUniversityofAlaskaFairbanks.Thoughthesecreaturesactedandlookedlikedogs,theymightbetooancienttobegeneticallyconnectedtomoderndogsweknowtoday.8.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A．Humansanddogsdevelopedaclosebond12,000yearsago.B．ScientistsdiscoveredtheoldesthumanremainsinAmerica.C．AncientdogssurvivedtheIceAgebyeatingfish.D．AnewstudyprovesdogsoriginatedinAlaska.9.Whatcanweinferaboutthesignificanceofthediscovery?

A．Itshowsearlyhuman-dogfriendship.B．Itprovesdogscamebeforehumans.C．ItchangesiceAgetheories.D．ItexplainsdogDNAfully.10.Howwastheageofthebonedeterminedinthe2018study?

A．Genetictesting.B．Proteinanalysis.C．Carbondating.D．Sitecomparison.11.Whyistheteamuncertainabouttheearliesthuman-dogrelationship?

A．WeakDNAlink.B．Notsurewhatisa“dog”.C．Fewbonesamples.D．unclearfishproteinresults.(★★★)The“hedgehog(刺猬)dilemma”isafamousmetaphorfromGermanphilosopherArthurSchopenhauer.Inhis1851book,hedescribedhowhumansstrugglewithrelationshipsthroughastoryabouthedgehogs.Hisadvicewassimple:keepyourdistance.Thissadstorybecamewidelydiscussed.SigmundFreudandmodernscientistsstudiedthisidea.In2015,anaward-winningshortfilmcalledHenryretoldthisstory.Howdoesthisapplytoreallife?Mostpeoplerememberbeinghurtbycloserelationships–brokenfriendships,familyconflicts,orromanticbetrayals.Sincetheseconnectionsmatterdeeply,theirdamagehurtsmore.Shouldwestoptrustingothers?Schopenhauersaidyes,butsciencewouldsayotherwise.AstudyinPLOSMedicinereviewing148studieswithover300,000peoplefoundthosewithstrongsocialconnectionslive50%longer.TheNationalInstituteonAgingwarnsthatlonelinessharmshealthasmuchassmoking15cigarettesdaily—makingSchopenhauer’sadviceconcerning.Whenhurtrepeatedly,peopleoftenfallintodefensemode.RelationshipexpertHilarySandersexplainscommondefensebehaviors:goingsilentduringarguments,seeingnormalcommentsascriticism,oroverreactingtosmallissues.Thesereactionsoftenstartinchildhood.Ifparentsoftencriticizedorclassmatesbulliedsomeone,theymightdevelophabitslikepretendingnottocareorgettingangryeasily.Whilethesehelpedsurvivechildhoodpain,theycauseproblemsinadultrelationshipswhenusedunconsciously.Thegoodnewsispeoplecanchange.Throughtherapy,manylearntorecognizetheirdefensepatternsandunderstandtheirorigins.Couplescanimproverelationshipsbylearningeachother’semotionaltriggersandrespondingthoughtfullyinsteadofarguing.However,Sanderswarnsthatdefensesshouldn’tberemovedsuddenly—it’sliketakingdownawallbrickbybrick.AlthoughSchopenhauerfocusedonthepainofcloseness,thehedgehogstoryactuallyshowsourdeepneedforconnection.Unlikerealhedgehogs,humansaren’tbornwithphysicalspines.Bycarefullyloweringourdefensesaroundtrustworthypeople,wemighttrulyenjoybothwarmthandsafetyinrelationships.12.Whydoestheauthormentionthehedgehogdilemmainparagraph1?

A．Toemphasizeitsimportance.B．TosupportSchopenhauer’sadvice.C．TorecommendSchopenhauer’sbook.D．Tointroducethethemeofrelationship.13.WhatisSchopenhauer’scoresolutiontothe“hedgehogdilemma”?

A．Avoidcloseness.B．Seektherapy.C．Ignorepain.D．Buildwalls.14.WhatmajorevidencegoesagainstSchopenhauer’sadvice?

A．Defensebehaviorofpeople.B．Freud’sstudies.C．Longevityfromsocialties.D．Henry’sshortfilm.15.WhatdoesSanderssayaboutcloseconnection?

A．Couplesshouldlearntodefenditthoughtfully.B．Humanscanbenefitfromitunconsciously.C．Itcanhelpchildrenrelievechildhoodpain.D．Peopleshouldmakegradualprogressinit.(★★★)Onethingthatmostofuswillagreeonisthatthereisalotof“stuff”intheworld.Andwithenvironmentalandeconomicconcernsonourminds,wouldn’titmakesenseifwecouldsharethingsbetweenusabitmore?16Sharinglibrariesofferusefulitemstolocalpeople,whoareabletoborrowandreturnthem,freeofchargeorforaverylowfee.Thesecollectionstendtofocusoncommonthingsthatweallneed,butwhichwedon’tuseconstantly.Thissavesontheenvironmentalimpactofproducingtheitemsbyreducingthedemandfornewthings.17Forfamilies,financialbarrierscanmeanthatthingsliketoysorcomfortableclothingcanbeknockeddowntheprioritieslist.Buttheselibrariescreateasenseofequalityinthecommunity,meaningthatindividualsdon’tneedtogowithout.Thereareseveralwaystofindoutwhereyourclosestsharinglibraryis.18Itmaps50librariesacrosstheUK.Butifyourareaisn’tlistedbythosesites,don’tgiveuphope.Somecommunitieswillsetupsmaller,informalversionsoftheselibraries—forexample,streetWhatsAppgroupswherepeopleaskifanyoneontheroadhasthethingthey’relookingtoborrow,orlocalpass-it-ongroups.19AttendtheNetwork’sonlineworkshopstolearnmoreaboutsharinglibrariesandhowtosetoneupforthemselves.Inaworldwherewe’reencouragedtocontinuetocollectmoreandmorestuff,sharinglibrariesaretakingastandfortheenvironmentandforourpersonalfinances.So,nexttimeyoufindyourselfinneedofsomethinghandy,considerlookingforawaytoborrowit.20

A．Stillnoluck?B．Ifunlisted,searchlocally.C．Atthecoreofsharinglibrariesisgreateraccess.D．Thisisthefundamentalideabehindsharinglibraries.E．Thisconceptchallengestraditionalownershipmodels.F．StartbycheckingtheUKSharingLibrariesNetworkwebsite.G．It’llbeeasyontheplanet,easyonyourpocket,andgreatforthecommunity.二、完形填空(★★★)IalwaysenjoyedwildernessadventuresinAfrica.Oneday,Ioverheard(無(wú)意中聽到)acyclingtrailrunningthroughthebushafter________inAustralia.Iresearchedthetrailandbecame________aboutridingitduringthesummerholidays.Thetrailwasstillnewandmobilephone________alongtheroutewaspoor.IstartedatCollie.Itwasveryhot,andIdrankwater________andthefirstthingIdidwhenIarrivedatthefirststopwas________therainwatertank.Iwas________tofindthatithadwater.Thenextdaythetrail________becamedifficulttofind.Bymidday,the________hadbecomeunbearable.Iwasbecomingincreasingly________whenIrealizedthatIwasquitelost.Istoppedtoconsidermy________.The________planwastostayovernightatatouristpark,butIhadnoideawhereIwas.Tiredly,Igotup,remountedmybike.Aftertwohours,Iwasdelightedtoseecycletracksthatlooked________.However,Isoonrealizedthattheyweremyown!Ihadnomorewater,andwassleepy.Asuddenwind________me.Iheardthesoundofamotor,butitdisappeared.AwhilelaterIhearditagain.I________myselfandwalkedtowherethesoundwascoming.Therebeforemewasthedam,withboatstowingwaterskiersandpeoplerelaxing.MyfirstlessononlivinginAustraliahadbeen________.21.A．travelingB．hikingC．survivingD．settling22.A．concernedB．excitedC．determinedD．puzzled23.A．signalB．symbolC．batteryD．package24.A．rarelyB．instantlyC．regularlyD．cautiously25.A．supplyB．checkC．viewD．fix26.A．relievedB．disappointedC．frustratedD．a(chǎn)stonished27.A．destinationsB．a(chǎn)rrowsC．markersD．details28.A．pathB．heatC．a(chǎn)dventureD．cycling29.A．uncertainB．unconfidentC．uneasyD．uncomfortable30.A．optionsB．strategiesC．schedulesD．opportunities31.A．formalB．organizedC．seniorD．original32.A．deepB．preciousC．recentD．unique33.A．stirredB．circledC．challengedD．frightened34.A．setupB．signedupC．dressedupD．forcedup35.A．packedB．taughtC．improvedD．recommended三、語(yǔ)法填空(★★★)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Theover-21-kilometerhalfmarathoncoursestruckaperfectbalance:challengingyetdoableforrunnersofalllevels.Thereweremachinecompetitors36(compete)intheworld’sfirsthumanoidrobothalfmarathon,heldintheBeijingEconomic-TechnologicalDevelopmentArea(BDA)inthesoutheastofthecity.37siliconracerswouldsooncompeteonthesamephysicalrouteashumanrunners,thoughonseparatetracks.“Thinkofit38acarrally(汽車?yán)?forrobots,”saidLiangLiang,deputydirectoroftheBDAmanagementcommittee.Therulesofthehumanoidrobothalfmarathonwerecloselylike39ofacarrally,Liangnoted.TeamscombinedAIautonomywithhumanoversight,dealingwith40(challenge)nomachinehadquitefacedbefore:unevenpavements,communicationdrops41theunpredictabilityoftheoutdoors.“Theevent42(serve)asatestinganddemonstrationplatform,butmoreimportantly,asaspacefor43(develop),enthusiastsandcompaniestoexchangeideas,”Liangsaid.AttheBeijingE-Townhalfmarathon,theTienKungUltrarobotdevelopedbytheBeijingHumanoidRobotInnovationCentercrossedthefinishlineinjust2hoursand40minutes.Noetix’sN2cameinsecond,whilearobotdesignedbyShanghai-basedfirmDroidUp44(secure)thirdplace.Isn’ttheorganizers’motto,“Tocompeteisvictory,tofinishisglory,”45(fill)withAkhwari’sstory?EverysmallsteptheserobotstookonthemarathoncourserepresentedagiantleapforChina’stechnologicalbreakthroughs.四、書信寫作(★★★)46.假定你是李華，近期你班正在小組合作完成一個(gè)英語(yǔ)項(xiàng)目活動(dòng)(Project)“TellStoriesofChinainEnglish”并在班級(jí)進(jìn)行分享，很多小組覺(jué)得難以開展?，F(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你針對(duì)如何解決此問(wèn)題在課堂上進(jìn)行英語(yǔ)演講，內(nèi)容包括：1.陳述看法；2.提出建議。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)為80左右；2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題紙的相應(yīng)位置作答。HowtoTellStoriesofChinainEnglishasaGroupGoodmorning,everyone!___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thanksforyourlistening!五、書面表達(dá)(★★★)47.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Ilikethingstobalance,partlybecauseofmyname,“Ava.”Whensomethingbothersme,Itrytobalancethebadwiththegood.That’swhyIdon’tmindbeingthetallestkidinthirdgrade.Bad:Havetostandinthebackrowofmyclasspicture.Good:Canreachthebooksonthetoplibraryshelf.Bad:EveryonealwayspointsouthowtallIam.Good:SometimesIwantpeopletonoticeme.Soitbalances.Oneday,anewgirl,AvaZafra,comestoschool,andshe’stheshortestkidinthirdgrade.Noweveryonecallsme“AvaJ.”andthenewgirl“AvaZ.”Ithoughtifwehadthesamename,maybewewerealike.Duringartclass,Ipaintakittenslidingdownarainbow.AvaZ.paintshershoesblack.Sheshouts,“Iamanalienhunter!Fearme!”Wearen’talike.Duringabreak,Samiryells,“Overthere,Ava!”WhenI