2025年托?？谡Z模擬測試卷：城市交通擁堵與智能交通系統(tǒng)考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______IndependentTask1Somepeoplebelievethatthegovernmentshouldinvestmoremoneyinpublictransportationtosolvetrafficcongestion.Othersthinkthatbuildingmoreroadsisthebettersolution.Whatdoyouthinkisthebestwaytosolvetrafficcongestionincities?Explainyouropinionusingspecificreasonsandexamples.IndependentTask2Youruniversityisconsideringaddingparkingspacesoncampustosolvetheproblemoftrafficcongestionaroundtheuniversity.Somestudentsthinkthisisagoodidea,whileothersbelieveitwillcausemoreproblems.Whatisyouropinion?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.IntegratedTask1Listentothefollowinguniversitylectureandanswerthequestionthatfollows.(Imagineanacademiclectureaboutthechallengesofurbantrafficcongestion,focusingonthelimitationsoftraditionalsolutionslikebuildingmoreroadsandintroducingtheconceptofSmartTrafficSystems(STS),whichutilizetechnologylikereal-timedataanalysis,adaptivetrafficsignals,andconnectedvehiclestooptimizetrafficflow.ThelecturementionsthatwhileSTScansignificantlyreducecongestion,theyrequiresubstantialinitialinvestmentandpublicacceptance.)Question:Basedonthelectureyoujustheard,explaintwomainproblemscausedbyurbantrafficcongestionanddescribehowonespecificfeatureofSmartTrafficSystemscouldhelpsolvetheseproblems.IntegratedTask2ReadthefollowingpassageaboutSmartTrafficSystemsandlistentothefollowinguniversitylectureonthesametopic.Thenanswerthequestionbasedonboththepassageandthelectureyouheard.Passage:SmartTrafficSystems(STS)areincreasinglybeingimplementedincitiesaroundtheworldtoaddressthegrowingproblemoftrafficcongestion.STSutilizeavarietyoftechnologies,includingreal-timedatacollection,adaptivetrafficsignalcontrol,andvehicle-to-infrastructurecommunication.Byanalyzingtrafficpatternsandadjustingsignalsinreal-time,STScandynamicallyoptimizetrafficflow,reducedelays,andminimizeidlingtime.Additionally,featureslikedynamicspeedlimitsandparkingguidancesystemscanfurtherenhanceefficiencyandreducetheoveralldemandforroadspace.However,thewidespreadadoptionofSTSfaceschallenges,primarilyrelatedtothehighcostofinfrastructuredeploymentandtheneedforsignificantdatainfrastructure.Lecture:(ImaginealecturediscussingtheimplementationofSTSinamid-sizedcity.Theprofessormentionsthatwhiletheinitialcostswerehigh,thelong-termbenefitsintermsofreducedfuelconsumption,loweremissions,andimprovedtrafficflowhavebeensubstantial.However,theprofessoralsonotesthatamajorchallengewasthepublic'sinitialresistancetochangesintrafficsignaltimingandtheperceivedprivacyconcernsrelatedtothedatacollectionaspectofSTS.)Question:SummarizethemainadvantagesofimplementingSmartTrafficSystems,asmentionedinthepassage.Then,explainhowtheprofessorinthelecturedescribesonechallengethecityfacedinadoptingthesesystems.試卷答案IndependentTask1Awell-supportedsolutiontourbantrafficcongestioninvolvesacombinationofstrategies,butIbelieveinvestinginandexpandingpublictransportationisultimatelythemosteffectiveapproach.Thereareseveralkeyreasonsforthisperspective.Firstly,expandingpublictransportationoptionsdirectlyreducesthenumberofindividualvehiclesontheroad.Whenhigh-quality,accessible,andaffordablepublictransitisavailable,manypeoplechoosetoleavetheircarsathome.Thisdecreaseinvehiclevolumeimmediatelyalleviatestrafficpressureonroads,leadingtofewertrafficjamsandshortercommutetimesforeveryone.Forexample,citieslikeCopenhagenandAmsterdamhavesignificantlyreducedtheirtrafficcongestionbyprioritizingbicyclelanesandefficientbusnetworks,makingalternativemodesoftransportappealingandpracticalfordailyuse.Secondly,investinginpublictransportationpromotesmoresustainableurbandevelopment.Byencouragingtheuseofbuses,trains,andsubways,citiescanreducerelianceonfossilfuelsandlowergreenhousegasemissions.Thisiscrucialformitigatingtheenvironmentalimpactofurbanliving.Furthermore,well-designedpublictransitsystemsoftenfostervibrant,walkablecommunitiesbyreducingtheneedforlongcartrips,thusencouragingmoresocialinteractionandreducingurbansprawl.Whilebuildingmoreroadsmightofferatemporaryfix,ittendstosimplyattractmorecarsinthelongrun,exacerbatingtheveryproblemitaimstosolve—aphenomenonknownasinduceddemand.Inconclusion,althoughbuildingmoreroadsmightseemlikeanintuitivesolutiontotrafficcongestion,investinginandimprovingpublictransportationoffersamoresustainable,environmentallyfriendly,andeffectivestrategyforcreatingefficientandlivablecitiesforthefuture.IndependentTask2Regardingtheproposaltoaddmoreparkingspacesoncampustoaddresstrafficcongestion,Ibelievethisisnotaviablesolutionandcouldpotentiallyworsentheproblem.Myreasoningcentersonthefundamentalissuethataddingparkingdoesnotdecreasethenumberofvehiclesneedingtoenterthecampus;itmerelyprovidesmoreplacesforthemtopark,whichcanleadtootherissues.Firstly,addingparkingspacesmightattractevenmorestudents,faculty,andvisitorstocampus,assumingtheconvenientparkingisadecidingfactor.Thisincreasedinfluxofvehicleswouldinevitablyleadtomoretrafficenteringandexitingthecampusduringpeakhours,potentiallycreatingcongestiononsurroundingroadsandmakingitevenmoredifficultforthosewhodonotdrivetonavigatethearea.Thecoreproblemoftoomanyvehiclesseekingentryremainsunresolved;itismerelybeingmaskedbymoreparkingavailability.Secondly,theconstructionofnewparkingspacesoftenrequiressignificantlanduse,whichcouldpotentiallydisplaceothervaluablecampusresourcesorgreenspaces.Furthermore,themaintenancecostsassociatedwithmanagingalargerparkingfacilityrepresentasubstantialfinancialburdenfortheuniversity.Insteadofsolvingthecongestionproblem,addingparkingcouldleadtoincreasedtraffic,highercosts,andpotentialnegativeimpactsonthecampusenvironment.Inconclusion,whileprovidingparkingisanecessity,simplyaddingmorespacesiscounterproductivewhenthegoalistoreducetrafficcongestionaroundtheuniversity.Moreeffectivesolutionsmightincludeimprovingpublictransportationoptionstoandfromcampus,implementingacampusshuttleservice,encouragingcarpooling,orusingtechnologylikedynamicparkingpricingtomanagedemand.IntegratedTask1Basedonthelecture,twomainproblemscausedbyurbantrafficcongestionareexcessivefuelconsumptionandincreasedairpollution.Thelectureexplainedthatwhentrafficisheavilycongested,vehiclesspendasignificantamountoftimeidlingormovingveryslowly,leadingtohigherfuelconsumptionfordrivers.Thisnotonlyincreasescostsforindividualsbutalsocontributessignificantlytooverallenergyconsumption.Additionally,theidlingandrepeatedaccelerationanddecelerationincongestedtrafficreleasemorepollutantsintotheair,worseningairqualityandcontributingtoclimatechange.OnespecificfeatureofSmartTrafficSystems(STS)thatcouldhelpsolvetheseproblems,asdescribedinthelecture,istheimplementationofadaptivetrafficsignals.Thesesignalsusereal-timedatafromsensorsandcamerastodynamicallyadjusttheirtimingbasedonthecurrenttrafficflow.Byextendinggreenlightsforgroupsofvehiclesapproachingfromthesamedirectionandshorteningredlightswhennocarsaredetected,adaptivesignalscansignificantlyreducetheamountoftimevehiclesspendidlingatintersections.Thisleadstolessfuelconsumptionandloweremissions,directlyaddressingboththeexcessivefuelconsumptionandincreasedairpollutionproblemscausedbytrafficcongestion.IntegratedTask2ThepassagehighlightsseveralmainadvantagesofimplementingSmartTrafficSystems(STS).Firstly,STScandynamicallyoptimizetrafficflowbyusingreal-timedatatoadjusttrafficsignaltimings,whichreducesdelaysandimprovesoverallroadefficiency.Secondly,featureslikedynamicspeedlimitsandoptimizedroutinginformationcanhelpdriversavoidcongestedareas,minimizingtraveltimeandstre