題型四語篇型語法填空目錄TOC\o"1-1"\h\u一、考情解讀 1二、命題分析預測 1三、聚焦核心素養(yǎng) 1四、析考情·題型突破 1五、精選考點題型專練 12一、考情解讀該題型把語法放在語境中進行考查,要求考生自主運用語法知識解題。這種題型要求考生重視語篇閱讀理解能力,理清語法基本概念。二、命題分析預測語法填空對考生的語篇閱讀能力提出了更高要求,旨在考查考生在語篇層面上理解句意和文意、分析語言結構的能力以及正確運用基礎語法和構詞法的能力。建議考生在平時的學習中,根據(jù)構詞法來記憶和復習單詞,掌握各詞類的不同用法,遇到長難句能正確分析句子結構,從而正確理解句意。在練習中,要特別關注與中國傳統(tǒng)文化相關和反映中國建設新成就的語篇素材。三、聚焦核心素養(yǎng)語法填空題以語篇為依托,考點明確,重點突出,考查的知識面較廣,重視對基礎語法知識的考查,突出語法的表意功能。該題型重在檢測考生在語境中綜合運用英語知識的能力,培育考生的文化意識,鍛煉考生的邏輯思維能力,從而提升考生分析、解決問題的能力。四、析考情·題型突破命題特點1.選材特點(1)短文型語法填空通常為一篇200詞左右的短文,選材一般以說明文為主,記敘文和議論文為輔。(2)題材多樣,所選材料符合考生的認知水平,可讀性強。(3)難度適中,與高中課本中的閱讀材料難度相當,符合高中中等學生的閱讀水平,篇章與語句的結構變化多樣。(4)趨勢:所選材料的詞數(shù)有增加趨勢,句子結構更加復雜,對考生的句式理解和分析能力提出了更高的要求。2.設題特點(1)設空。篇首一般不設空,為考生提供一個完整的背景信息,便于考生開篇明義。有提示詞類填空題和無提示詞類填空題的比例一般為7∶3;有提示詞的填空題可填1—3個單詞,無提示詞的填空題只能填1個詞。(2)考點設置廣泛。語法填空主要考查考生對重點詞匯(以實詞為主)和基礎語法知識的掌握情況。考點涉及動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致,非謂語動詞,并列連詞,三大從句的引導詞,名詞單復數(shù)與詞形轉換,形容詞和副詞的構詞規(guī)律、比較級,介詞、冠詞和代詞的基本用法及固定搭配等。(3)考查重在基礎,突出重點。對介詞、冠詞等的考查一般涉及1道小題,而對動詞(包括非謂語動詞)、形容詞、副詞、名詞、連接詞的考查相對較多。此外,高考對基礎語法的考查并不忌諱連續(xù)設題、重復設題。(4)答案的規(guī)律。無提示詞類填空題往往填冠詞、代詞、介詞、并列連詞、從句的引導詞等。有提示詞類的題,給出的單詞的詞形變化是有規(guī)律可循的,如:動詞通常最終變?yōu)椴煌臅r態(tài)、語態(tài)或非謂語動詞,形容詞通常最終變?yōu)楦痹~、名詞或其比較級、最高級,副詞通常最終變?yōu)槠浔容^級或最高級,名詞通常最終變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)形式或形容詞等。Clove1主題:"嫦娥四號"無人探測器登月成功詞數(shù):177難度:★★★建議時間:9分鐘高考真題Chinahasbecomethefirstcountrytolandaspacecraftonthefarsideofthemoon.TheunmannedChang'e-4probe(探測器)—thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess—61(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.Landingonthemoon'sfarsideis62(extreme)challenging.Becausethemoon'sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot63itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular64(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(環(huán)形山),moreso65thefamiliarnearside.ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang'e-466(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin."Thisreallyexcitesscientists,"CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,"becauseit67(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon68(construct)."Dataaboutthemoon'scomposition,suchashow69iceandothertreasuresitcontains,couldhelpChinadecidewhether70(it)plansforafuturelunar(月球的)basearepractical.

命題分析?素養(yǎng)解讀本文介紹了"嫦娥四號"在月球背面成功著陸的重大事件,展示了中國社會主義建設新成就,彰顯民族自豪感,引導考生關注中國科技成果、關注時事,堅定理想信念和愛國主義情懷,增強"四個自信"。庖丁解牛本題的易錯點集中在謂語動詞和詞形轉換上。?第61題,首先要分析句子結構,空處填謂語動詞,根據(jù)時間狀語可知,填一般過去時。touchdown表示"著陸,降落",為不及物動詞短語,此處考生容易因詞匯掌握不牢固而錯用被動語態(tài)。?第62題,該題要考慮形容詞變副詞時去-e不去-e的情況,要求考生牢固掌握詞尾變化規(guī)則。解題思路61.touched考查動詞時態(tài)。句中有時間狀語lastweek,故用一般過去時。62.extremely考查形容詞變副詞。修飾后面的形容詞challenging需用副詞extremely。63.where考查定語從句。先行詞是spot,后跟定語從句,關系詞在從句中作地點狀語,故用關系副詞erest考查名詞。句中含有"be+of+名詞"結構(相當于"be+形容詞"),beofparticularinterest=beparticularlyinteresting,故填名詞interest。65.than考查介詞。本句中含有more,空格后為比較對象,因此本空應填than。空前的so為副詞,替代上文中的"deepcraters"。66.tofind考查非謂語動詞。usesth.todo"用……做……",為常用搭配。67.means考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)上下文時態(tài)可知,本句也應用一般現(xiàn)在時,主語是it,故謂語動詞用means。68.isconstructed考查被動語態(tài)。此處表示"月球是如何構成的",應用被動語態(tài),且此處描述的是客觀情況,故填isconstructed。constructvt.建造,構建。69.much考查固定用法。howmuch"多少",修飾不可數(shù)名詞。【易錯點撥】howmuch+不可數(shù)名詞;howmany+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)。70.its考查代詞。此處表示"它的計劃",空后為名詞,故用形容詞性物主代詞its。Cloze2主題:對北極熊數(shù)量的關注與研究詞數(shù):164難度:★★★建議時間:8分鐘高考真題ThepolarbearisfoundintheArcticCircleandsomebiglandmassesasfarsouthasNewfoundland.Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidence61theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen62(poor)studied;however,biologistscalculatethatthereareabout20,000-25,000polarbearsworldwide.

Modernmethods63trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive64(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavut65(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa66(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.Scientistshaverespondedby67(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(錯覺)thatpopulationsare68(high)thantheyactuallyare.Of69nineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six70(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.

命題分析?素養(yǎng)解讀文章通過介紹科學家對北極熊數(shù)量變化的關注與研究,引導考生關注生態(tài)和自然,提高環(huán)境保護意識,深入思考人與自然的和諧相處之道。本題難點集中在同位語從句、非謂語動詞等考點上。庖丁解牛?第61題,要分析出這是一個主從復合句,"theyrange...Canada"是對evidence的具體內(nèi)容的解釋,根據(jù)同位語從句引導詞的特點可知,此空填that。?第64題,要熟練掌握及運用"sth.+be+adj.+不定式"結構,本題中Modernmethods與第二個謂語相隔較遠,如能識別出這個結構,就很容易填出toperform。解題思路61.that考查名詞性從句。本句含有一個同位語從句,解釋了名詞evidence"證據(jù)"的具體內(nèi)容,空處在從句中不充當成分,也無意義,故填that。62.poorly考查副詞。應用副詞poorly"不好地,不足"修飾動詞studied。63.of/for考查介詞。名詞method后接介詞of/for,表示"……的方法"?！局R拓展】其他常見的表示"方法"的名詞與介詞的搭配way常與介詞of搭配,如:thewayoflearningEnglish;approach常與介詞to搭配,如:theapproachtodealingwiththisproblem;means常與介詞of搭配,如:aneffectivemeansofcommunication。64.toperform考查非謂語動詞。此處屬于"sth.+be+adj.+不定式"結構,sth.通常是不定式動作的承受者,不定式用主動形式表示被動含義。65.havereported考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句中的時間狀語Inrecentyears多與現(xiàn)在完成時連用,主語someInuitpeople為復數(shù)意義,因此本空填havereported?！炯记牲c撥】現(xiàn)在完成時的其他標志性詞語有:just,already,ever,never,yet,before,lately,recently,foralongtime,uptonow,sofar,inthelastfewyears/weeks/months等。在文中看到這些詞語,通常用現(xiàn)在完成時。66.belief考查名詞。根據(jù)空前的a可知,此處leadingto后應接名詞作賓語,故本空填belief"信念"?！局R拓展】以-ve結尾的動詞變名詞時,常把-ve變?yōu)?f。如:relieve(v.解除,減輕)→relief(n.寬慰,輕松;解脫)。67.noting考查非謂語動詞。介詞by后跟動詞時應用其-ing形式作賓語,故本空填noting。68.higher考查比較級。根據(jù)空后的連詞than可知,本句表示比較意義,因此本空應填比較級higher。69.the考查冠詞。Ofthenineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations意為"在這19個已知的北極熊亞種群當中",本空應填定冠詞the,表示特指。70.are考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。本句中其他分句的謂語動詞用了一般現(xiàn)在時,且空處所在分句的主語six表示復數(shù)意義,故本空應填are作該分句的謂語動詞。Cloze3主題:跑步的益處詞數(shù):173難度:★★建議時間:8分鐘高考真題Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears61(long)thannon-runners.Youdon'thavetorunfastorforlong62(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof63(die)earlybyrunning.

Whilerunningregularlycan'tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit64(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife65walking,cyclingorswimming.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin201466showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall67(cause).

Thebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldo.Butotherwise...it'sprobablyrunning.Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto68(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.Runningischeap,easyandit'salways69(energy).Ifyouaretime-poor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive70atry.

命題分析?素養(yǎng)解讀本文主要介紹了跑步的益處,培養(yǎng)考生有效地陳述事件、傳遞信息以及表達個人觀點和情感的能力,并引導考生積極運動,關注身心健康,進而形成積極向上的生活態(tài)度。庖丁解牛?第62、63題的提示詞均為動詞,首先判斷兩個設空處都填非謂語,然后根據(jù)語境判斷非謂語的形式。第63題除了考查介詞后用動詞-ing外,還考查die的不規(guī)則變化。?第68、69題的提示詞均為名詞,首先判斷空處在句中作什么成分,以此來確定空處所填詞的詞性,再根據(jù)構詞法對詞匯進行變形。解題思路61.longer考查比較級。句中有than,故用long的比較級longer。62.tosee考查非謂語動詞。本句有謂語,因此此處應用非謂語動詞;分析句子結構及句意可知,此處應用動詞不定式tosee作目的狀語。63.dying考查非謂語動詞。短語reduceone'sriskof...表示"降低某人……的風險",介詞of后跟動詞作賓語時要用其-ing形式。64.is考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。本文主體時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時,再結合語境可知,本句中賓語從句也應用一般現(xiàn)在時;賓語從句的主語為it,故用is。65.than考查介詞。此處表示跑步比散步、騎行或游泳更能有效地延長生命。根據(jù)句中的more可知,此處應用介詞than引出比較對象。66.that/which考查定語從句。分析句子結構可知,空處引導定語從句,先行詞為astudy,指物,且定語從句中缺少主語,故填關系代詞that/which。67.causes考查名詞。此處cause是可數(shù)名詞,意為"原因",句中的all表示"所有",其后應用可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式,故填causes。68.strengthen考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知,此處為動詞不定式作目的狀語,故本空應填動詞strengthen,意為"增強,加強"。69.energetic考查形容詞。and連接兩個并列分句,and前面的cheap和easy均為形容詞,故空處應用形容詞energetic作表語,意為"需要能量的"。70.it考查代詞。giveitatry意為"試一試",根據(jù)語境可知,it指代running?？挤?有提示詞類命題角度1提供動詞WudangmartialartsbasedontheTaoistideology______(create)byafamousTaoist______(name)ZhangSanfeng,intheearlyyearsoftheMingDynasty.

【解析】分析句子結構可知,第一空在句中作謂語,根據(jù)時間狀語intheearlyyearsoftheMingDynasty可知,此處為過去的動作,應用一般過去時;本句主語Wudangmartialarts為復數(shù)形式,且與create為被動關系,因此謂語動詞應用復數(shù)形式,且為被動語態(tài),故第一空應填werecreated。第二空用非謂語動詞作后置定語,name與其邏輯主語Taoist為動賓關系,應用過去分詞,故第二空應填named。Yetthereislife—anastonishing_______(vary)ofcreaturesthatyou'llneverimagine.

【解析】根據(jù)空前的anastonishing和空后的of可知,空處應填名詞,avarietyof為常見搭配,表示"各種各樣的,多種的",故填vary的名詞形式variety。命題角度2詞形轉換當提示詞為名詞、形容詞、副詞時,設空處考查詞形轉換的可能性比較大。具體各詞類間的轉換如下:其解題步驟為:Asweallknow,bakedorfriedfoodsmaybe_______(taste),buteatingtoomanyofthemwill_______(probable)resultinsomeillnesses.

【解析】第一空在句中作表語,表示"好吃的",應用taste的形容詞形式tasty;第二空在句中修飾動詞result,應用probable的副詞形式probably。Also,searchenginesrankby_______(popular)ratherthanaccuracy,sosolidfactscanbetrickytofind.

【解析】句意:此外,搜索引擎根據(jù)受歡迎程度而不是準確性進行排名,因此很難找到確鑿的事實。空處作介詞by的賓語,再根據(jù)ratherthan后的名詞accuracy可知,此處應用名詞形式。故填popularity。Thereisnodenyingthefactthatelectivecoursescan_______(broad)ourhorizons.

【解析】句意:不可否認,選修課可以開闊我們的視野。分析句子結構可知,空處作從句的謂語,且在情態(tài)動詞后,應用動詞原形,故填broaden。特別提醒有時考查的詞形轉換只涉及詞義的變化,詞性并不改變,通常涉及以下兩類:1.考查與詞根意義相反的派生詞,此時,應根據(jù)句子意思及上下文的邏輯關系,在詞根前加un-,im-等或在詞根后加-less等。2.考查名詞加后綴表示職業(yè),如science→scientist[2018全國Ⅲ第66題],music→musician等。命題角度3形容詞或副詞的比較等級當括號中所給詞為形容詞或副詞時,除了考慮詞形轉換外,也有可能是考查其比較等級。1.句中通常會有信號詞,比如than。2.句中含有帶比較等級的固定句型,或并列結構中使用比較等級。The______(hard)youtrytobeathim,themorelikelyyouwillgethit.Hecontrolsyou!

【解析】分析句子結構可知,此處為"The+比較級...,the+比較級..."結構,表示"越……,就越……",故填harder。命題角度4名詞的數(shù)括號中所給詞為名詞時,有時可能不是考查詞形轉換,而是考查名詞復數(shù)。1.所填詞前通常有many,several,oneof等修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)的標志性詞語。2.所填詞為可數(shù)名詞,但其前沒有限定詞修飾時,通常考慮復數(shù)形式。3.根據(jù)句意確定名詞的數(shù)。Shelickedthebabyconstantlytokeepitclean.Anysmellmightattractnatural_______(enemy)thatwouldtrytoeatthelittlepanda.

【解析】由設空位置可以判斷出動詞attract缺賓語,因此要用名詞,enemy為可數(shù)名詞,結合語境可知此處應填名詞復數(shù),故填enemies。命題角度5提示詞為代詞當提示詞為代詞時,設空處所填詞一般有以下三種情況:1.作定語:填形容詞性物主代詞。2.作主語:填名詞性物主代詞。3.作賓語:填代詞賓格、名詞性物主代詞或反身代詞。Studentsinvolvedinserviceprojectshelp_______(they)aswellastheircommunities.

【解析】空處作動詞help的賓語,且由語境可知,此處表示"幫助他們自己",空處所填詞與主語Students是一致的,應用反身代詞作賓語。故填themselves。考法2無提示詞類首先,分析句子結構確定要填哪類詞。其次,根據(jù)上下文邏輯關系及語意確定具體用哪個詞。解題時要注意以下6條規(guī)律:1.缺少主語或賓語,要填it或關系代詞(1)缺主語如果在謂語動詞前設空,應首先考慮以下兩種情況:①it:指代上文提到的某物或某事,或固定句式中作形式主語,或強調(diào)句型中用it。②關系代詞:在定語從句中作主語的關系代詞that,which,who等。Theydon'tgiveup;instead,theyremindthemselveshowimportant_______istokeepgoing.

【解析】分析句式可知,空處在賓語從句中作形式主語,代替后面不定式短語tokeepgoing,故填it。Relaxationisverynecessary,_______willenhanceyourawarenessandabilitytoconcentrate.

【解析】分析句子結構可知,空處引導非限制性定語從句,先行詞為relaxation,且關系詞在從句中作主語,指物,故用關系代詞which。(2)缺賓語如果空前為及物動詞、及物動詞短語或者介詞,要考慮以下兩類:①it:指代上文提到的某事或某物,或在固定句式中作形式賓語。②關系代詞:在定語從句中作賓語的關系代詞that,which,whom等。However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25,000peoplewereusing_______everyday.

【解析】根據(jù)語境可知,空處指代上文出現(xiàn)的"therailway",故此處應用it。2.在名詞、代詞、動詞-ing前設空,可以考慮用限定詞或介詞(1)限定詞如果在名詞前設空,應首先考慮限定詞。因為根據(jù)英語的習慣,名詞前一般要有限定詞。常考查的限定詞包括冠詞(a,an,the)、關系詞(whose等)、疑問代詞(what,which等)和不定代詞(no,some,any,each,every,either,neither,many等)。MaryMoemaylooklike_______averagegrandmother,butsheisnot.

【解析】此處修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),且表示泛指,應用不定冠詞,又因為average的發(fā)音以元音音素開頭,故填an。Theoldbank,_______appearanceisnotaprettysight,isextremelybeautifulontheinside.

【解析】分析句子結構可知,空處在此引導非限制性定語從句,該從句修飾先行詞Theoldbank;根據(jù)句意可知,Theoldbank與appearance之間為所屬關系,故用whose。(2)介詞如果在名詞或代詞前設空,而該名詞或代詞在句中不作主語、表語,也不作動詞的賓語,該空很可能填介詞。此時要特別注意所填詞與空前的詞是否可以構成固定搭配。However,adsarenotjustatoolforgettingpeopletobuythings;theyalsoserve_______awindowintoculture,societyandhistory.

【解析】句意:然而,廣告不僅僅是一種讓人們買東西的工具,也是文化、社會和歷史的窗口。serveassth.為固定搭配,表示"可用作……,起……作用"。3.若兩個或多個單詞/短語之間或兩個句子間沒有連接詞,可能要填連詞,?？疾榈挠斜硎境薪印⑵叫?、遞進等關系的and、表示選擇關系的or和固定結構或句式中的連詞。Itwastimeforhertohaveanewbaby,_______itwasalsotimefortheyoungpandatobeindependent.

【解析】由語境及句子結構可知,前后分句之間為平行關系,因此用and。4.若兩個句子(一個主謂關系算一個句子)之間沒有連詞,也沒有分號或句號,一般考慮填從句的引導詞。_______itcried,sherockeditbackandforthandgaveitcomfortingpats.

【解析】分析句子結構可以看出,逗號前后為兩個句子,缺少從句的引導詞。結合語境可知,應用When或If引導時間或條件狀語從句。故填When/If。Thenextday,mybrotherandIwenttothebeach_______wewatchedsomepeopleplayvolleyball.

【解析】分析句子結構可知,空處引導定語從句,該從句修飾先行詞beach,關系詞在從句中作地點狀語,故用關系副詞where。5.在形容詞或副詞前設空,表示程度要考慮用how,so,too等;在名詞前設空,如果是感嘆句考慮用what等;不定式前設空,要考慮用疑問代詞或疑問副詞。Teenscametogethertodoprojectsforpeoplewhoare_______oldorpoortodothem.

【解析】根據(jù)語境可知空處表示程度,修飾old和poor,故此處要填副詞too,構成"too+adj.+todosth."結構,表示"太……而不能做某事"。故填too。6.若句子結構較完整,空后的謂語動詞是原形,且與上下文在時態(tài)上或與主語在數(shù)上不一致,很可能填情態(tài)動詞或表示強調(diào)或倒裝的助動詞(do,does,did等)。如果是一般疑問句則要考慮填助動詞(do,does,did,have,has,had等)或情態(tài)動詞(can,may等)。Whatisacceptableinonecountry_______beconsideredextremelyrudeinanother.

【解析】句中的"Whatisacceptableinonecountry"是主語從句,空格后的beconsidered是謂語;又因be是原形,故空格處應填情態(tài)動詞或表示強調(diào)的助動詞;由語境可知,此處應填表示"可能"的情態(tài)動詞may。Thenthedriverstoodupandasked,"_______anyoneloseasuitcaseatthelaststop?"

【解析】句尾的問號提示該句為疑問句,由語境可知,"丟失"是發(fā)生在過去的動作,且空處位于疑問句句首,故填助動詞Did。五、精選考點題型專練類型1中國特色Cloze1DecoratingwithPlants,FruitsandFlowersforChineseNewYearChineseNewYearisa61(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers62(carry)specialsignificance.Theyrepresenttheearth63(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.

Thesearesomeofthemostpopularinmanypartsofthecountry:Oranges:Orangetreesaremore64decoration;theyareasymbolofgoodfortuneandwealth.Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes65(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.

Bamboo:Chineselovetheir"LuckyBamboo"plantsandyouwillseethemoftenintheirhomesandoffices.66__(certain)duringtheholidayperiod,thisplantisamust.Bambooplantsareassociated67health,abundanceandahappyhome.Theyareeasy68(care)forandmakegreatpresents.

BranchesofPlumBlossoms(梅花):The69(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpink-coloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantasticdecorations.Theplumtreesare70firsttoflowerevenasthesnowismelting(融化).Theyrepresentthepromiseofspringandarenewaloflife.

Cloze2DietshavechangedinChina—andsotoohasitstopcrop.Since2011,thecountry61(grow)morecornthanrice.Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover62past25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.

Atasteformeatis63(actual)behindthechange:Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigs,andcattle.Anotherreasonforcorn’srise:Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice64(improve)waterquality.Cornuseslesswater65riceandcreateslessfertilizer(化肥)runoff.Thisswitchhasdecreased66__(pollute)inthecountry’smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.

AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal67(globe)fertilizerconsumption.TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernment68(start)asoil-testingprogram__69givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers—and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.Thatpreventedtheemission(排放)of51.8milliontonsofcarbondioxide.China’sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile__70(feed)itscitizens"offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide,"saysthebank’sJuergenVoegele.

Cloze3Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asia’sbiggestbuilding,andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop61(attract).

Soitwasagreathonourtobeinvitedbackstageatthenot-for-profitPandaBase,whereticketmoneyhelpspayforresearch.I62(allow)togetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600-acrecentre.Fromtomorrow,IwillbetheirUKambassador.Thetitlewillbe63(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.Butmyconnectionwithpandasgoesback64mydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,65IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter66(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude67(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120-pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchcentreinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.

Onmyrecentvisit,Iheldalivelythree-month-oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedby68(it)mother.Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew69(day)withhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle-fed,70otheriswithmum—sheneversuspects.

類型2社會與歷史Cloze4Sometimeafter10000BC,peoplemadethefirstrealattempttocontroltheworldtheylived56,throughagriculture.Overthousandsofyears,theybegantodependlesson57couldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild,andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.

Farmingproducedmorefoodperperson58huntingandgathering,sopeoplewereabletoraisemorechildren.And,asmorechildrenwereborn,morefood59(need).Agriculturegavepeopletheirfirstexperienceofthepoweroftechnology60(change)lives.

Byabout6000BC,people61(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.Later,theylearnedtoworkwiththe62(season),plantingattherighttimeand,indryareas,63(make)useofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.

Thisstyleoffarminglastedforquitealongtime.Then,with64riseofscience,changesbegan.Newmethods__65(mean)thatfewerpeopleworkedinfarming.Inthelastcenturyorso,thesechangeshaveaccelerated.Newpowermachineryandartificialfertilizers(化肥)havenowtotallytransformedawayoflifethatstartedintheStoneAge.

Cloze5（2020新高考Ⅱ(海南)）Thesedays,itisnotunusualfor10-to12-year-oldstopublishtheirownwebsitesorforsecondandthirdgraders56(begin)computerclasses.Atthesametime,computergamesarebecomingincreasinglypopularasmajorpublishinghousescontinuetodevelop57(education)computerprogramsforchildreninpreschool.Also,technologicalknow-howhasbecomea58(require)formostjobsinanincreasinglydigitalworld,asthecomputerhasbecomeacommontoolinmost59(profession).

TheDigitalWorldisasetofvolumes60aimtodescribehowdigitalsystemsinfluencesocietyandhelpreadersunderstandthenatureofdigitalsystemsandtheirmanyinteractingparts.Eachvolumeinthesetexplores61widerangeofmaterials,explainsthebasicconceptsofmajorapplicationsofdigitalsystems,62discussestheinfluencestheyhaveoneverydaylife.Becausethenumberofpossibletopics63(be)practicallylimitless,wefocusonasampleofthemostinterestingandusefulapplicationsandtoolsandexplainthebasicprinciplesoftechnology.Readers64(encourage)tocontinueexploringthedigitalworldwiththeguidanceof65(we)FurtherResourcessectionfeaturedineachvolume.

Cloze6Somethingsignificantishappeningtotheworldpopulation—itisaging.Themedian(中位數(shù)的)ageofanAmericanin195056(be)30—todayitis41andisexpected57(increase)to42by2050.ForJapan,the58(number)aremorestriking—22in1950,46todayand53in2050.In2015,onein12peoplearoundtheworldwereover65;by2050,itwillbeoneinsix.

Thisagingofthepopulationisdriven59twofactors.Thefirstisdecliningbirthrates,whichmeansoldgenerationsarelarge60(compare)toyoungergenerations,andso,onaverage,thepopulationbecomes61(old)thanbefore.Thisis62(particular)trueintheUS.Thesecondreasonisthatpeoplearelivinglonger.AchildbornintheUStodayhas63veryrealisticchanceoflivingbeyond100andneedstoplanaccordingly.

Peopletendtofocusonthefirstfactor.However,greaterattentionshould64(place)onlongevity(長壽).Itisn’tjustthatpeopleare,onaverage,livinglonger.It’salsothattheyareonaveragehealthier65moreproductiveforlonger.Therefore,theycanworkforlonger,consumemoreandingeneralbeaboosttotheeconomy.

類型3工作與職業(yè)Cloze7A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded"WomanOfTheYear"for61(be)Britain’soldestfull-timeemployee—stillworking40hoursaweek.NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,62sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.Heryearsofhardworkhave63(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire’sWomanOfTheYear.

Pickingupher"LifetimeAchievement"award,proudIrene64(declare)shehadnoplans65(retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.Irenesaid,"Idon’tseeanyreasontogiveupwork.IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI66(make)overtheyears.IworknotbecauseIhaveto,67becauseIwantto."

GranddaughterGayleParks,31—whoworksalongsideherinthefamilybusiness—saiditremainedunknownastowhonominatedIrenefortheaward.Shesaid,"Wedon’thaveanyideawhoputgrandmaforward.Whenwegotacall68(say)shewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwas69joke.Butthenwegotanofficialletterandwewereblownaway.Wearesoproudofher.It’s70(wonder)."

Cloze8Shelookslikeanyotherschoolgirl,fresh-facedandfulloflife.SarahThomasislookingforwardtothechallengeofhernewA-levelcourse.Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-term61(rest).Instead,sheisearning￡6,500adayas62modelinNewYork.

Sarah63(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain’snewsupermodel,earningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.HerfatherPeter,44,wantshertogiveupschooltomodelfull-time.ButSarah,64hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wants65(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher66(educate).

Shehasturneddownseveral67(invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfull-timebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegree68engineeringorarchitecture.

Sarahsays,"MydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow.Butatthemoment,school69(come)first.Idon’twanttogettooabsorbedinmodeling.Itis70(certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.Idon’twanttohavenothingelsetofallbackonwhenIcan’tmodelanymore."

類型4飲食與健康Cloze9FewpeopleIknowseemtohavemuchdesireortimetocook.MakingChinese56(dish)isseenasespeciallytroublesome.Manywesterners57cometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheap58canbetoeatout.Istillremember59(visit)afriendwho’dlivedhereforfiveyearsandI60(shock)whenIlearntshehadn’tcookedonceinallthattime.

Whileregularlyeatingoutseemsto61(become)commonformanyyoungpeopleinrecentyears,it’snotwithoutacost.Theobviousoneismoney;eatingoutonceortwiceaweekmaybe62(afford)butdoingthismostdaysaddsup.Therecouldbeaneven63(high)costonyourhealth.Researchershavefoundthatthereisadirectlinkbetweentheincreaseinfoodeatenoutsidethehomeandtherisein64(weigh)problems.

Ifyouarenotgoingtosufferthisproblem,thenIsuggestthatthenexttimeyougotoyourmum’shome65dinner,getafewcookingtipsfromher.Cookingfoodcanbefun.Youmightalsobegintonoticetheeffectsnotonlyonyourhealthbutinyourpocket.

Cloze10Therehasbeenarecenttrendinthefoodserviceindustrytowardlowerfatcontentandlesssalt.Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(醫(yī)學界)61amethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedside62(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.

Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequired63(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.Whenfatandsalt64(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.As65result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.Even66(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.Fastfood67(be)fulloffatandsalt;by68(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.

Havingenoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgeto