YourHealthUnit5Pre-readingInterpretationofthequotationspre-readingdiscussionsExpressionsthatarelikelytobeusedtotalkabouthealthInterpretationofthequotations1.Themeasurementoftheelementsrelatingtoourbodyinvolvespayingcloseattentiontoourbodyandkeepingitinahealthystatebyeatingtherightkindoffood,gettingenoughrestandrelaxation,andexercisingregularly.2.Whenpeoplearestillyoung,theyearnmoneyattheexpenseoftheirhealth…Whentheygetold,theyspendmoneyinordertorestoretheirhealth.3.Rememberthatworryingbeyondareasonablelimitcanaffectyourhealthadversely.Thosewhodonotknowhowtocontrolworrydieatanearlyage.ExpressionsthatarelikelytobeusedtotalkabouthealthContributetodeath/illnessDo/causemuch/greatharmtoone’shealth(not)inthebestofhealth,ingood/poorhealthBeaffiliatedwithanxiety/illnessBetroubledby/withillnessAtthecost/expenseofhealthlifeTothedetrimentofone’shealth/life(resultinginharmordamagetohealth/life)Increase/extend/lengthen/shortentheexpectationoflife/thespanoflifeExerciseisgoodforyourhealth.Heisunabletotravelfarbecauseofhisstateofhealth.Thecampusofthe1980sisatenser,morecompetitiveplacethaneverbefore,andthatcantakeitstollonstudenthealth(havebadeffectonstudenthealth)Pollutiondoesmorethandegradethequalityoflife;itdramaticallycripplesandshortensthelivesofhumanbeings.Collocationsthatarepossibletogowiththetargetword“health”:Excellent/full/good/perfecthealthBad/declining/delicate/failing/fragile/frail/ill/poorhealthEnvironmental/occupationalhealth(Occupationalhealthisthebranchofmedicinethatdealswiththehealthofpeopleintheirworkplaceorinrelationtotheirjob.)Enjoy/have/lookafter/maintain/improve/promote/recoverhealthregain/damage/harm/ruin/undermine/riskhealthShewasnursedbacktohealthHishealthbegantofail/deteriorate/worsenundertheheavypressuresofthejob.Expressionsthatmaybeusedtotalkabouthealthproblemsandsolutionstotheproblems:Problemsandpossiblecauses:MalnutritionOverweightAginganddiseasesMentaldisordersProblemsrelatedtoalcoholortobaccoavailabilitySolutions:Don’tsmokecigarettes.Drinkalcoholonlyinmoderation.Maintainnormalweight.Eatabalanceddiet.Identifyyourpersonalfitnessneedsandselectactivitiesforyourpersonalfitnessprogram.Sleepseventoeighthourseachnight.Exerciseatleastmoderately.Work,study,orpursuepersonalactivitiesproductivelyandwithenjoyment.Understandyouremotionsandknowhowtocopewitheverydayproblemsandstress.Formfoodhabitsforlifelongphysicalhealth.Reading1Thehealth-enhancingqualitiesofTaiChiarefoundedintheloreofreligiousTaoism.Overaperiodspanningalmosttwomillennia,varioussectsofTaoismhavedevelopedandperfectedhealthexercisesaspartoftheirreligiouscultivation.InTaoism,cultivationofthebodywasoftenviewedasanessentialpartofthereligiousdevelopmentoftheindividual.TheTaoistsage,ZhangSanfeng(A.D.1127–A.D.1279),isgenerallycreditedwithcreatingthesetofmovementsreferredtoasTaiChiorTaiChiChuan.HealthbenefitofTaiChirecognizedbythewestBeforetaichi'sintroductiontoWesternstudents,thehealthbenefitsoftaichichuanwerelargelyexplainedthroughthelensoftraditionalChinesemedicine,whichisbasedonaviewofthebodyandhealingmechanismsnotalwaysstudiedorsupportedbymodernscience.Today,taichiisintheprocessofbeingsubjectedtorigorousscientificstudiesintheWest.Nowthatthemajorityofhealthstudieshavedisplayedatangiblebenefitinsomeareastothepracticeoftaichi,healthprofessionalshavecalledformorein-depthstudiestodeterminemitigatingfactorssuchasthemostbeneficialstyle,suggesteddurationofpracticetoshowthebestresults,andwhethertaichiisaseffectiveasotherformsofexercise.InSeptember2009theNationalInstitutesofHealthwillholditsfirsteverMind-BodyWeek,andamongtheinvitedkeynotespeakersisRogerJahnke(co-founderoftheNationalQigongAssociation),andBillDouglas(FounderofWorldTaiChi&QigongDay),whowillspeakontheusefulnessoftaichiandqigongaspartofmodernhealthcare,andhowitmaysavesocietyhugesumsofmoneyinfuturehealthcostsbyspreadingtheuseoftaichiandqigonginmodernsocietyatalllevels.Movements

預(yù)備式preparation起勢opening攬雀尾graspthesparrow’stail倒攆猴stepbackandrepulsethemonkey單邊掌singlewhip(palm)進步搬攔捶stepforward,parryblockandpunch白鶴亮翅whitecranespreadsitswings轉(zhuǎn)身左蹬腳turnbodyandleftsolekick右野馬分鬃partingwildhorse’smane,right抽身下勢pulloutanddescend金雞獨立goldenroosterstandsononeleg高探馬highpatonhorse十字手crosshands左/右云手left/rightcloudhands收勢（合太極）gatherenergy(jointTaiji)UnderstandingdoyouhavetobefittostartdoingTaiChi?Explain.WhocanbenefitmostfromTaiChi?Inthelightofthisarticle,whatarethedistinctivefeaturesofTaiChiasahealthenhancingexercise?StructureThemainfeatureofTaiChi(para.1)TaiChioffersthegreatestbenefittotheelderly(para.2)Nomatteryouchoosehow-tobooksorclasses,youshouldnotoverdoit.(para.3)TaiChitakeseffectslowlybutithelpsyoubemoreactiveandreducestress(para.4&5)thebestthingaboutTaiChi(para.6)LanguageExplanationPara.1Folks:peoplefromaparticularcountryorregion,orwhohaveaparticularwayoflifeCross:amixtureoftwodifferentthings,breedsofanimal,etc.e.g.Theplaywasacrossbetweenafarceandatragedy.這出戲把鬧劇和悲劇交織為一體。Para.2Practitioner:apersonwhoregularlydoesaparticularactivity,especiallyonethatrequiresskill“Inmanyways,researchersarejustcatchinguptowhattensofmillionsofpeopleinChinaandChinatownsaroundtherestoftheworldalreadyknowaboutTaiChi.”Inmanyways:fromdifferentperspectivesCatchuptosth.:reachthesamestandard,stage,orlevelofsth.Whole:WhilemanypeopleinChinaandChinatownsinotherpartsoftheworldhavealreadyknownalotaboutTaiChi,thewesternresearchersarejustcomingupfrombehindtoreachthelevelofknowledgeaboutTaiChifromdifferentperspectives.Para.3How-tobooks:booksthatteacheshowtodoTaiChiHow-to:n.Ahow-toorahowtoisaninformal,oftenshort,descriptionofhowtoaccomplishsomespecifictask.“Eitherway,thegoalistomoveatyourownpace.”YoucanlearnTaiChibyfollowinganinstructionbookorattendingaTaiChiclass.Eitherwaytheaimistopracticeitinaccordancewithyourphysicalhealth.“Painisnogain.”(guessfrom“moveatyouownpace”whichmeansdon’tmovetoofast.)TaiChiisamixtureofrelaxationandsafety.Ifpainisexperienced,itmeansyouareoverdoingitandgettingnothing.Para.4Kickin:tobegintotakeeffecte.g.Reformswillkickinlaterthisyear.改革將于今年下半年開始見效。Familypractice:medicalpracticethatprovideshealthcareregardlessofageorsexwhileplacingemphasisonthefamilyunitPara.5End-all:theultimategoale.g.Humanbeingsarenottheend-allofevolution.Reading21.Howdidtheauthor’sthelegsgonumb2.What’rethechangesthatoccurtotheauthor’sbodysincetheincidentonthetenniscourt?3.Howdidthedoctorfindwhatwrongiswiththeauthor’slegs?What’sthecauseofthelegdisease?4.Whydidn’ttheauthorreceiveaoperation?5.Whycanwalkcurethearteryproblem?6.Howdidtheauthorrestarttowalkwhenhefelthardtopersist?7.WhatkindoflifestyledidtheauthortransformintoinFlorida?Howtodealwithtechnicalterms

Inferthemeaningfromthecontext.e.g.para.5“…nosignofspinalstenosis,anarrowingofthespinethatcompressesthenervesandcanaffectthelegs.”Para.6“Indeed,atherosclerosis,orhardeningofthearteries…”Para.9“…makingnewarteriescalledcollaterals”There’snoneedtofigureouttheexactmeaningCTscanandMRItest(youonlyneedtoknowthattheyarethemeasurestotesttheproblemsintheauthor’slegs)LanguageExplanationPara.2Onequart=0.946litersGatorade:Gatoradeisabrandofflavorednon-carbonatedsportsdrinksmanufacturedbytheQuakerOatsCompany,nowadivisionofPepsiCo.“Mytennisdayswereover,Ifeared,assimplyasthat.”I’mafraidthatIcannotplaytennisanymoresimplybecauseofthepaininlegs.Para.3“IthoughtIwasimmunetothegradualphysicaldeclinethatageseemstoinflictonothers.”Immune:

thatcannotcatchorbeaffectedbyaparticulardiseaseorillnessExtendedmeaning:notaffectedbysthe.g.You'lleventuallybecomeimmunetocriticism.你終究會變得不在乎批評了。Physicaldecline:weakeningofthebodyInflict:tomakesb/sthsuffersthunpleasante.g.Theysurveyedthedamageinflictedbythestorm.他們調(diào)查了暴風(fēng)雨造成的損失。Whole:IthoughtIcouldnotbeaffectedbythegradualweakeningofthebodythatotherpeopleseemedtobeafflictedwithwhengettingold.Para.6Beproneto:likelytosufferfromsthortodosthbad易于遭受；有做（壞事）的傾向e.g.pronetoinfection/injury容易受感染／受傷e.g.連續(xù)工作不停歇使人更容易出錯Workingwithoutabreakmakesyoumorepronetoerror.。e.g.據(jù)調(diào)查，疲勞駕車時特別容易忽視警示標志。Tireddriverswerefoundtobeparticularlypronetoignorewarningsigns.Para.7Setin:ofrain,badweather,infection,etctobeginandseemlikelytocontinue到來；開始e.g.Therainseemedtohavesetinfortheday.這雨好像要下一天了。Para.8“Iwantpeoplelikeyoutoworkmeoutofmyjob.”Ihopedoctorslikemewillbeoutofworkbecauseoldpeoplelikeyouarehealthy.Para.10even/much/stillless:andcertainlynot更不用說；更何況e.g.連個解釋都不給，就更不用說道歉了。Noexplanationwasoffered,stilllessanapology.

Para.13Anevenmile:emphasizethedistanceisaslongasamile“NowasIsetouttowalkmymileinstruggling,twoblockincrements,ittookanhour.”NowasIbegantowalkthedistancepainstakingly,walkingonlytwostreetblockstookmeanhour.Para.14“sevenmonthsafterIwasfirststricken（bythedisease）”Para.15Aparadeof:aseriesofthings/peoplee.g.Eachgenerationpassesthroughasimilarparadeofevents.Para.16Redmeat:meatthatisdarkbrownincolourwhenithasbeencooked,suchasbeefandlambWhitemeat:meatthatispaleincolourwhenithasbeencooked,suchaschicken,fishandshrimp

Para.18“Icangiveyoungerplayersarunfortheirmoney.”Givesb.arunforthemoney:tocompetewithsb.Para.19Healingpowders:藥粉Reading3Whyiscryingrarelyencouragedbysociety?Whycanweassumethatcryinghassomefunctions?Whyistearagoodmaterialforresearch?Whatarethedifferencesbetweenmenandwomenontheissueofcrying?ResearchersatbothTulaneUniversityandColumbiaUniversityaredoingstudiesontears.Whatarethedifferentgoalsoftheirresearch?StructurePara.1-2Cryingisnotencouragedbysociety,buttheresultsoftherecentstudiescontradictthebias.Para.3-6Thechemicalcompositionofemotionaltearsdecidestheirrelievingeffects.Para.7-13Theusefulnessoftearstodiagnoseillsandcleansetheeyes.Para.14-17Tearsrelievestress.Para.18peopleshouldchangetheattitudetowardcrying.LanguageExplanationPara.1“Cryingishardlyanactivityencouragedbysociety.”Cryingisrarelyencouragedbysociety.“Tears,betheyof…,typicallymakeAmericansfeeluncomfortableandembarrassed.”Betheyof…:nomattertheyareof…“wellhavelosthisbid”Well:thoroughlyandcompletelyWeep-wept-wept:burstintotears突然哭shedtears落淚sob:

抽泣tocrynoisily,takingsudden,sharpbreaths/tosaysthwhileyouarecryinge.g.Hesobbedouthistroubles.他哭著述說了自己的煩惱。Howling嚎哭Whine:tocomplaininanannoying,cryingvoice哭哭啼啼；哭嚷Whimper:tomakelow,weakcryingnoises;tospeakinthisway抽泣；嗚咽；啜泣；泣訴；抽搭著說e.g.‘Don'tleavemealone,’hewhimpered.Para.2“boththoseresponses”:thebehaviorsofshedderandobserverPara.3“Sinceevolutionhasgivenrisetofewifanypurposelessphysiologicalresponses…”Sinceifthere’reanypurposelessphysiologicalresponses,there’salmostnoevolutionhappening…Para.4“thesheddingoftearsishardlynecessarytogethelp”(considerfromthepreviouscontentandthatbehind)Thoughtearshavethefunctiontoelicithelpfromothers,itisnotthetypicalfunctionofit,becausethosewithouttearscangainmoreattentionthantears.Para.8Parallelism:“theycanusetearsto…to…to…”Pleasecalculatehowmanyusagescantearsoffer.Para.10Afilmoftears:athinlayeroftears,AfilmofdustPara.11PleasefindseveralwordswhichrefertothesamethingCanal-duct-gutter(achannelattheedgeofaroadwherewatercollectsandiscarriedawaytodrains)Tears-downpour“Tearssheddownthefacerepresentanoverflowofthelachrymalducts,asmighthappentoguttersduringadownpour.”Thelachrymalductsarenotlargeenoughtocontaintheliquid,sotearsgodown.Duringthecry,theductsplaytherolesofgutters.Para.17Accountfor:Ifyoucanaccountforsomething,youcanexplainitorgivethenecessaryinformationaboutit.e.g.Hecouldnotaccountforhisfoolishmistake.“thelossofachildtoanewspouse”:afterthemarriage,thechildwillhavehisownfamilyandtheparentswillfeelthesenseofloss.Reading4CancerCancerdevelopswhencellsinapartofthebodybegintogrowoutofcontrol.Althoughtherearemanykindsofcancer,theyallstartbecauseofout-of-controlgrowthofabnormalcells.Cancerusuallyformsasatumor.Somecancers,likeleukemia,donotformtumors.Instead,thesecancercellsinvolvethebloodandblood-formingorgans,andcirculatethroughothertissueswheretheygrow.Cancercellsoftentraveltootherpartsofthebodywheretheybegintogrowandreplacenormaltissue.Notalltumorsarecancerous.Benign(良性的)tumorsdonotspreadtootherpartsofthebody(metastasize轉(zhuǎn)移)and,withveryrareexceptions,arenotlife-threatening.Skincancerisadiseaseinwhichcancercellsarefoundintheouterlayersofyourskin.Melanoma黑色素瘤isadiseaseoft