2025年考研英語（一）閱讀理解核心詞匯：詞匯記憶與運用技巧考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______模擬試卷directions:ReadthefollowingpassagesandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthebestanswerfromthefouroptionsmarkedA),B),C),andD).MarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Passage1Therapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)hassparkedconsiderabledebateregardingitssocietalimplications.ProponentsarguethatAItechnologieswillsignificantlyenhanceproductivity,automatemundanetasks,andpotentiallysolvecomplexglobalchallengessuchasclimatechangeanddiseaseeradication.TheyenvisionafuturewhereAIcollaborateswithhumans,augmentingourcapabilitiesandleadingtounprecedentedprogress.However,criticsraiselegitimateconcernsaboutthepotentialdisplacementofjobs,theexacerbationofinequality,andtheethicaldilemmasassociatedwithautonomousdecision-making.ThesheerspeedofAIdevelopmentoftenleaveslittleroomforcomprehensiveregulation,raisingquestionsaboutaccountabilityandcontrol.NavigatingthiscomplexlandscaperequiresabalancedapproachthatharnessesthebenefitsofAIwhilemitigatingitsrisksthroughthoughtfulpolicy-making,ethicalguidelines,andongoingpublicdiscourse.Questions:1.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthepassage?A)ToadvocatefortheimmediateadoptionofAItechnologies.B)Tooutlinethepotentialbenefitsanddrawbacksofartificialintelligence.C)TocondemnthesocietalimpactofAIdevelopment.D)ToproposespecificregulationsfortheAIindustry.2.Accordingtothepassage,whatisamajorconcernofcriticsregardingAI?A)AIwillslowdownglobalprogress.B)AIdevelopmentistooslowandneedsacceleration.C)AImayleadtojoblossesandincreasedinequality.D)AIlackstheabilitytosolvecomplexproblems.3.Theword"exacerbation"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)ReductionB)MitigationC)IntensificationD)Creation4.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestisneededtomanagethechallengesposedbyAI?A)EliminatingallAIdevelopmentimmediately.B)FocusingsolelyontheeconomicbenefitsofAI.C)Abalancedapproachinvolvingregulationandpublicdiscussion.D)EncouragingAIdevelopmentwithoutanyethicalconsiderations.5.Thephrase"augmentingourcapabilities"inthesecondparagraphmostlikelymeans:A)Limitinghumanabilities.B)Enhancinghumanskillsandfunctions.C)Reducingtheneedforhumanlabor.D)Weakeninghumandecision-makingprocesses.Passage2Sustainableurbandevelopmenthasbecomeacriticalpriorityforcitiesworldwide,drivenbygrowingpopulationsandenvironmentalconcerns.Traditionalurbanplanningoftenprioritizedeconomicgrowthandinfrastructureexpansion,sometimesattheexpenseofenvironmentalqualityandsocialequity.However,contemporaryapproachesemphasizeaholisticview,integratingecologicalprinciplesintothedesignandmanagementofurbanspaces.Thisinvolvescreatinggreenbelts,promotingrenewableenergysources,anddevelopingefficientpublictransportationsystems.Suchinitiativesnotonlyhelpmitigatetheurbanheatislandeffectandreducepollutionbutalsofosterasenseofcommunityandimproveresidents'qualityoflife.Achievingsustainabilityincitiesrequirescollaborationamongpolicymakers,urbanplanners,businesses,andresidents.Itnecessitatesashiftinmindset,movingawayfromshort-termgainstowardslong-termresilienceandwell-being.Questions:6.Whatisthemainfocusofthepassage?A)Thenegativeimpactsofgrowingpopulationsoncities.B)Theimportanceofincorporatingsustainabilityintourbanplanning.C)Theroleofinfrastructureintraditionalcitydevelopment.D)Theeconomicbenefitsofrenewableenergysources.7.Accordingtothepassage,whatisadrawbackoftraditionalurbanplanning?A)Itoftenneglectsenvironmentalquality.B)Itfocusestoomuchonsocialequity.C)Itprioritizesrenewableenergyovereconomicgrowth.D)Itleadstotheefficientdevelopmentofpublictransportation.8.Theword"holistic"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)NarrowB)ComprehensiveC)IncompleteD)Short-term9.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaresomebenefitsofsustainableurbandevelopment?A)Reducedcommunityengagementandlowerqualityoflife.B)Increasedpollutionandhigherurbanheatislandeffect.C)Mitigationofenvironmentalproblemsandimprovedresidentwell-being.D)Economicgrowthattheexpenseofenvironmentalquality.10.Thepassageimpliesthatachievingsustainablecitiesdependson:A)Relyingsolelyongovernmentefforts.B)Isolatingurbanplanningfrombusinessinterests.C)Collaborativeeffortsamongvariousstakeholders.D)Prioritizingeconomicgrowthoverenvironmentalconcerns.Passage3Theglobalfoodsystemfacesnumerouschallengesinthe21stcentury,primarilycenteredonensuringfoodsecurityandsustainability.Climatechange,resourcedepletion,andincreasingpopulationpressuresthreatentounderminethestabilityandresilienceofagriculturalproduction.Traditionalfarmingmethods,whileproductive,oftenrelyheavilyonchemicalinputs,whichcanhavedetrimentalenvironmentalconsequences.Consequently,thereisagrowinginterestinalternativeapproachessuchasorganicfarming,permaculture,andverticalfarming.Thesemethodsaimtoreduceenvironmentalimpact,conserveresources,andpromotemorelocalizedandsustainablefoodproduction.Whilethesealternativesofferpromisingsolutions,theyalsopresentsignificanteconomicandlogisticalhurdles.Overcomingtheseobstaclesrequiresinnovation,investment,andaglobalcommitmenttotransformingthefoodsystemtowardsamoresustainableandequitablefuture.Questions:11.Whatisthecentralissueaddressedinthepassage?A)Theneedformoregovernmentsubsidiesfortraditionalfarming.B)Thechallengesfacingtheglobalfoodsystemandpotentialsolutions.C)Thenegativehealtheffectsofconsumingorganicfood.D)Theinefficiencyofverticalfarmingcomparedtotraditionalmethods.12.Theword"detrimental"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)BeneficialB)HarmfulC)NeutralD)Temporary13.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomecharacteristicsofalternativefarmingmethods?A)Highrelianceonchemicalinputsandresourcedepletion.B)Focusonincreasingcropyieldsthroughintensivefarming.C)Effortstoreduceenvironmentalimpactandconserveresources.D)Dependenceonglobalfoodtradeandindustrialagriculture.14.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestisamajorchallengeforadoptingsustainablefoodproductionmethods?A)Lackofconsumerinterestinalternativefoods.B)Theabsenceofgovernmentsupportforthesemethods.C)Economicandlogisticaldifficulties.D)Insufficienttechnologicalinnovationinagriculture.15.Thepassageimpliesthatasustainablefoodsystemrequires:A)Continuedrelianceontraditionalfarmingmethods.B)Reducingglobalpopulationtodecreasefooddemand.C)Innovation,investment,andglobalcooperation.D)Decreasingthefocusonorganicfarmingtoincreaseyields.Passage4Inthedigitalage,theconceptofprivacyhasundergonesignificanttransformation.Theproliferationofpersonaldatacollectedbycorporations,governments,andonlineplatformshasraisedprofoundconcernsaboutindividualautonomyandsurveillance.Whiledatacollectionenablespersonalizedservicesandtargetedadvertising,whichcanenhanceuserconvenience,italsocreatesvulnerabilitiesandpotentialabuses.Individualsoftenlacktransparencyregardinghowtheirdataisusedandshared,andthemechanismsforcontrollingorcorrectingthisdataarefrequentlyinadequate.Furthermore,theincreasingsophisticationofsurveillancetechnologies,includingfacialrecognitionandsocialmediamonitoring,allowsforunprecedentedlevelsoftrackingandcontrol.Balancingthebenefitsofdata-drivenapplicationswiththefundamentalrighttoprivacyisacomplexchallengethatdemandsurgentattention.Itnecessitatesrobustlegalframeworks,ethicalguidelinesfordatause,andagreaterdegreeofdigitalliteracyamongconsumers.Questions:16.Whatisthemainthemeofthepassage?A)Thebenefitsofpersonalizedservicesinthedigitalage.B)Theevolvingnatureofprivacyinthecontextofdatacollectionandsurveillance.C)Theroleofgovernmentinregulatingonlineplatforms.D)Theimportanceofdigitalliteracyforinternetusers.17.Accordingtothepassage,whatisaconcernrelatedtodatacollection?A)Itistootransparentandallowsindividualstocontroltheirdata.B)Itprimarilybenefitscorporationsattheexpenseofuserconvenience.C)Itenablespersonalizedserviceswhileraisingprivacyissues.D)Itisconductedwithoutgovernmentoversight.18.Theword"proliferation"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)DeclineB)DecreaseC)ExpansionD)Reduction19.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaresomepotentialconsequencesofextensivedatacollectionandsurveillance?A)Increasedindividualautonomyandgreatercontroloverpersonalinformation.B)Enhancedsecurityandreducedvulnerabilitytoonlinethreats.C)Vulnerabilitiesandpotentialabusesofpersonaldata.D)Greatertransparencyandeasieraccesstopersonalinformation.20.Thepassageindicatesthataddressingprivacyconcernsrequires:A)Eliminatingalldatacollectionbycorporationsandgovernments.B)Balancingthebenefitsofdatausewithindividualprivacyrights.C)Encouragingmoresurveillancetoenhancesecurity.D)Reducingtheroleoflegalframeworksindataregulation.試卷答案1.B解析思路：文章首段對比了AI的支持者和批評者的觀點，第二段具體闡述了支持者和批評者的看法及其擔(dān)憂。文章整體目的是呈現(xiàn)AI的利弊，故B選項“概述人工智能的潛在益處和缺點”與文章主旨最符。A選項片面，C選項與文章基調(diào)不符，D選項只是文章提到的一個方面，并非主旨。2.C解析思路：根據(jù)第二段第二句“However,criticsraiselegitimateconcernsaboutthepotentialdisplacementofjobs,theexacerbationofinequality,andtheethicaldilemmasassociatedwithautonomousdecision-making.”可知，批評者合乎邏輯的擔(dān)憂包括工作可能被取代、不平等可能加劇以及與自主決策相關(guān)的倫理困境。C選項“AI可能導(dǎo)致失業(yè)和不平等加劇”準(zhǔn)確概括了這一點。A、B選項與批評者的觀點相反，D選項文章未提及。3.C解析思路：根據(jù)上下文，“exacerbation”修飾“inequality”，且與“joblosses”并列，指的是不平等狀況的惡化或加劇。C選項“加劇”符合此語境。A選項“減少”與文意相反，B選項“緩解”與文意相反，D選項“創(chuàng)造”在此處語義不符。4.C解析思路：根據(jù)最后一段“NavigatingthiscomplexlandscaperequiresabalancedapproachthatharnessesthebenefitsofAIwhilemitigatingitsrisksthroughthoughtfulpolicy-making,ethicalguidelines,andongoingpublicdiscourse.”可知，管理AI帶來的挑戰(zhàn)需要一種平衡的方法，通過深思熟慮的政策制定、道德準(zhǔn)則和持續(xù)的社會公開討論來利用AI的好處并減輕其風(fēng)險。C選項“一種包含監(jiān)管和公開討論的平衡方法”與原文意思一致。A選項與原文“balancedapproach”相反，B選項和D選項都過于片面，未能體現(xiàn)原文的平衡和多方參與。5.B解析思路：根據(jù)上下文，“augmentingourcapabilities”指的是AI與人類協(xié)作，增強人類的能力和功能。B選項“增強人類技能和功能”符合此語境。A選項“限制人類能力”、C選項“減少對人類勞動的需求”和D選項“削弱人類決策過程”都與文意不符。6.B解析思路：文章首段指出可持續(xù)城市發(fā)展是當(dāng)務(wù)之急，第二段闡述了當(dāng)代方法如何將生態(tài)原則融入城市規(guī)劃，并列舉了具體措施和益處。文章核心在于強調(diào)將可持續(xù)性納入城市規(guī)劃的重要性。B選項“將可持續(xù)性納入城市規(guī)劃的重要性”準(zhǔn)確概括了主旨。A、C、D選項都是文章提到的部分內(nèi)容或背景信息，但并非主旨。7.A解析思路：根據(jù)第二段第一句“However,criticsarguethattraditionalurbanplanningoftenprioritizedeconomicgrowthandinfrastructureexpansion,sometimesattheexpenseofenvironmentalqualityandsocialequity.”可知，批評者認為傳統(tǒng)城市規(guī)劃的一個缺點是往往以犧牲環(huán)境質(zhì)量為代價來優(yōu)先考慮經(jīng)濟增長。A選項“它往往忽視了環(huán)境質(zhì)量”與原文意思一致。B選項與原文“socialequity”不符，C、D選項文章未提及。8.B解析思路：“holistic”意為整體的、全面的。根據(jù)上下文，當(dāng)代城市規(guī)劃采用整體方法，將生態(tài)原則視為一個完整的系統(tǒng)來考慮，而不是孤立的部分。B選項“全面的”符合此語境。A、C選項與“holistic”的意思相反，D選項“短期的”與文意不符。9.C解析思路：根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Suchinitiativesnotonlyhelpmitigatetheurbanheatislandeffectandreducepollutionbutalsofosterasenseofcommunityandimproveresidents'qualityoflife.”可知，這些舉措（指代前文提到的可持續(xù)發(fā)展措施）不僅有助于緩解城市熱島效應(yīng)和減少污染，而且有助于培養(yǎng)社區(qū)意識和提高居民的生活質(zhì)量。C選項“緩解環(huán)境問題和提高居民福祉”準(zhǔn)確概括了益處。A選項與文意相反，B選項與文意相反，D選項與原文強調(diào)的平衡發(fā)展不符。10.C解析思路：根據(jù)最后一句“Achievingsustainabilityincitiesrequirescollaborationamongpolicymakers,urbanplanners,businesses,andresidents.”可知，實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)城市需要決策者、城市規(guī)劃者、企業(yè)和居民之間的合作。C選項“來自不同利益相關(guān)者的合作”與原文意思一致。A、B、D選項都過于片面，未能體現(xiàn)原文強調(diào)的合作多方。11.B解析思路：文章首段提出全球食物系統(tǒng)面臨確保糧食安全和可持續(xù)性的挑戰(zhàn)，第二段進一步闡述了這些挑戰(zhàn)（氣候變化、資源枯竭、人口壓力），并引出替代方法（有機農(nóng)業(yè)、永續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)、垂直農(nóng)業(yè)）作為潛在解決方案。文章主要目的是探討全球食物系統(tǒng)面臨的挑戰(zhàn)及可能的解決方案。B選項“全球食物系統(tǒng)面臨的挑戰(zhàn)和潛在解決方案”最符合文章主旨。A、C、D選項都是文章提到的細節(jié)或方面，但并非中心議題。12.B解析思路：根據(jù)上下文，“detrimental”用來修飾“environmentalconsequences”，指的是對環(huán)境產(chǎn)生的有害影響。B選項“有害的”符合此語境。A選項“有益的”與文意相反，C選項“中性的”與文意不符，D選項“暫時的”在此處語義不符。13.C解析思路：根據(jù)第二段“alternativeapproachessuchasorganicfarming,permaculture,andverticalfarmingaimtoreduceenvironmentalimpact,conserveresources,andpromotemorelocalizedandsustainablefoodproduction.”可知，這些替代方法旨在減少環(huán)境Impact，節(jié)約資源，并促進更本地化、更可持續(xù)的食物生產(chǎn)。C選項“努力減少環(huán)境Impact并節(jié)約資源”準(zhǔn)確概括了這些方法的特征。A選項與替代方法的目的相反，B選項與替代方法的特點相反，D選項與原文強調(diào)的挑戰(zhàn)不符。14.C解析思路：根據(jù)最后一段“Whilethesealternativesofferpromisingsolutions,theyalsopresentsignificanteconomicandlogisticalhurdles.”可知，盡管這些替代方案提供了有希望的解決方案，但它們也帶來了重大的經(jīng)濟和后勤障礙。C選項“經(jīng)濟和后勤方面的困難”與原文意思一致。A、B選項文章未提及，D選項是挑戰(zhàn)的原因，而非挑戰(zhàn)本身。15.C解析思路：根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Overcomingtheseobstaclesrequiresinnovation,investment,andaglobalcommitmenttotransformingthefoodsystemtowardsamoresustainableandequitablefuture.”可知，克服這些障礙需要創(chuàng)新、投資和全球范圍內(nèi)致力于將食物系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楦沙掷m(xù)和公平的未來。C選項“創(chuàng)新、投資和全球合作”與原文意思一致。A選項與原文“alternativeapproaches”相反，B選項是外部因素，并非文章主旨，D選項與原文“globalcommitment”不符。16.B解析思路：文章首段指出數(shù)字時代隱私概念的轉(zhuǎn)變，以及數(shù)據(jù)收集和監(jiān)控的普及引發(fā)的擔(dān)憂。第二段詳細討論了數(shù)據(jù)收集帶來的隱私問題、監(jiān)控技術(shù)的進步以及平衡數(shù)據(jù)益處與隱私權(quán)的需求。文章核心是