第24頁/共24頁2022北京高一（下）期中英語匯編閱讀理解C篇一、閱讀理解（2022·北京師大附中高一期中）Agroupofblue-facedbirdsstepthroughthegrassshouldertoshoulder,redeyeslookingaround.Theylooklikemiddleschoolersseekingacafeteriatableatlunchtime.Perhapsthey’renotsodifferent.Anewstudy,ledbyDamienFarine,anornithologistwhostudiescollectivebehaviour,showsthatthevulturineguineafowlofeasternAfrica,likehumans,havemultilevelsocieties.Inthepast,scientistsassumedsuchsocialstructuresrequiredalotofbrainpower.Butthepea-brainedguineafowlarerevealingthefaultsinthatassumption.Theselargebirdswanderacrossthelandscapeinpacks,oftenwalkingsocloselythattheirbodiestouch.Theymayfighteachothertomaintaintheirstricthierarchies(等級制度),butatothertimestheyengageinfriendlybehaviourslikesharingfood.Suspectingtheguineafowlmighthaveasocialstructure,Dr.Farineandhiscolleaguesbeganathoroughstudyoftheirsociety.Forawholeyear,theymadedailyobservationsof441birds.Colouredlegbandsinuniquecombinationsletresearcherstelltheblack-and-bluebirdsapart.TheyalsoattachedGPSdevicestothebacksof58birds,whichletthemseeexactlywhereeverygroupwent,24hoursaday.Thefindingsoftheresearchsuggestthatthevulturineguineafowlhaveamultilevelsociety.Therearegroupswithingroupswithinthepopulationasawhole.Thereevenseemtobegroupsoffriendswithinthesmallgroups.Thisisthefirsttimeanyonehasobservedsuchasocietyinabird.AndDr.Farineemphasizesthisparticularbird’stinybrainsize:“Theydon’tonlyhavesmallbrainsrelativetomammals(哺乳動物),theyalsohavequitesmallbrainsrelativetootherbirds,”hesaid.Accordingtohim,livinginthiskindofsocietymightactuallymakeiteasiertokeeptrackofthesocialorder.Forexample,ifgroupsarestableandabirdcanidentifyjustoneortwoindividualswithinagroup,itknowswhichgroupit’slookingat—noneedforabrainthatcanrecognizeeverysingleanimal.Multilevelsocietiesalsoletanimalsadjusttheirgroupsizesbasedonwhateverchallengesthey’refacing.Dependingonwhatenemiesorresourcesarearound,itmightmakesensetotravelinacombinedgroupratherthanasmallerone.“Havingamultilevelstructuremaynotrequirehavingalargebrain,”Dr.Farinesaid.Theremaybemorebirdsandotheranimalsouttherethat,althoughsmall-brained,havesocietiesasmany-leveledasourown.1．Accordingtothepassage,whatinspiredDr.Farinetocarryoutthestudy?A．Theguineafowl’ssocialbehaviour.B．Previousassumptionsaboutbirds.C．Hisinterestinanimalbrainpower.D．Thefaultsinearlierresearch.2．WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A．Theresearchsubjects. B．Theresearchmethods.C．Theresearchfindings. D．Theresearchequipment.3．Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?A．Complexsocialsystemscanbeadisadvantagetotheguineafowl.B．Theguineafowlaregoodatrecognizingindividualsinagroup.C．Birdsmaintainsocialorderbytravellingincombinedgroups.D．Small-brainedanimalscanformmultilevelsocieties.4．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Topresentthefindingsofastudyoftheguineafowl.B．Toexplaintheinteractionpatternsinmultilevelsocieties.C．Tointroduceanewapproachtoobservingtheguineafowl.D．Touncovercluesabouthowcomplexsocietiesareformed.（2022·北京一七一中高一期中）Intoday'sworld,onlinesocialmediahasbecomemorepowerfulandthemostdestructivethingoverworldwide,althoughwithtimeallgenerationshavecometoacceptthechangessocialnetworkhasbroughtabout,teenagersandyoungadultsarethemostenthusiasticusersofthesesites.Accordingtovariousresearchstudiesinthefieldofonlinesocialnetworks,ithasbeenrevealedthatthesesitesareimpactingthelivesoftheyouthgreatly.WhenusingthesesitessuchasTwitter,FacebookorMyspace,therearebothpositiveandnegativeeffectsontheyouth.Firstly,socialmediahelpstheyouthandanyotheruserupdatedwithwhatishappeningaroundtheworld,andhelpstheteenagersstayconnectedandinteractwitheachothereveniftheyaremanymilesapart.Thisstrengthenstheirrelationship.Eveniftheyfinishedschoolandmovedtodifferentlocations,theystayconnectedandupdateoneanother.Inaddition,socialmediasiteshaveprovidedaplatformwherebytheyouthcancreategroupsandpagesbasedontheircommondisciplineandendupbuildingconnectionsandopportunitiesfortheirrespectivecareersbyupdatingdifferenttopicstodiscuss.Youthwhohavebeeninterviewedsaythatsocialmediahasbecometheirlifestyleanditmakestheirliveseasierandmoreefficient.Whileontheonehandsocialnetworksitesseemtobringpeopletogetherandstayconnected,ontheotherhanditcausesmanyphysicalandmentalhealthproblemssuchaseyesinfection,backproblems,etc.Othernegativeeffectsofsocialnetworkingvariouspeoplesuggestedincludedencouragingpoorspellingandgrammar,exposingunderagetoonlinepredators（捕食者）,allowingspreadofmisinformationthatisseenasfact,decreasingproductivityasthosewhoaresupposedtobeworkingspendtimeinthesitestochat,providingaperfectplatformforcyberbullyingandprovidingdetailsthatincreaserisksofidentitytheft."Themoresocialmediawehave,themorewethinkwereconnecting,yetwearereallydisconnectingfromeachother."Oneresearchersaid.Inconclusion,socialnetworkingclearlyportraysbothpositiveandnegativeeffectsontheyouth.Itisthedecisionofindividualswhethertouseitinarightwayorwrong.5．Whydoyoungpeopleadopttheplatformofferedbysocialmediasites?A．Topracticetheirdebateskills.B．Tochangetheirwayofliving.C．Toimprovetheiracademicperformance.D．Tolaythefoundationfortheirfuturecareers.6．Itcanbeinferredthatthemaindisadvantagesofsocialnetworkingmay_______.A．putyoungpeopleindangerB．a(chǎn)llowspreadofinformationC．letoutusers'healthproblemsD．reducetheusingofpoorspelling7．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Theresearchononlinesocialmedia.B．Thecorrectwaytouseonlinesocialmedia.C．Theintroductionofonlinesocialmediahistory.D．Theinfluenceofonlinesocialmediaontheyouth.8．Whatistheauthorsattitudetowardssocialmedia?A．Disapproving. B．Objective.C．Positive. D．Indifferent.（2022·北京八十中高一期中）AnOilforLifeMariaAlcalaofMadridspeaksformanyMediterraneanpeoplewhenshesaysthat“amealwithoutoliveoilwouldbeabore.”NooneknowswhentheMediterraneancivilizationsfellinlovewitholives.Thatoccurredbeforerecordedhistory.However,thereisevidencethatthecultivation(種植)ofolivetreesbeganincountriesaroundtheMediterraneanSeainapproximately4000B．C．,and2000yearsafterthatpeopleintheeasternMediterraneanareabegantoproduceoilfromolives.TheMediterraneanstillaccountsfor99percentofallworldoliveoilproduction.Fromancienttimesuntiltoday,thebasicprocessofproducingtheoilisthesame.First,wholeolivesarepressedhardintopieces.Then,theliquidisseparatedfromthesolids.Afterthat,thevaluableoilisseparatedfromthewater.Manyolivegrowersmaketheirancienttraditionscontinueandstillharvesttheolivesbyhand.“Weharvestinthetraditionalway,”saysDonCelso,anolivefarmerfromTuscany,Italy.“Itwouldbelessexpensivetodoitwithmachines,butit’smoreasocialthing.Twentypeoplecometohelpwiththeharvest,andwepaytheminoil.”O(jiān)liveoilhashadavarietyofusesthroughitslonghistory.Inancienttimes,oliveoilwasusedasmoneyandasmedicine.Itwasevenusedduringwar—heatedupanddroppeddownonattackers.Itisstillusedinreligiousceremonies.Itisgreatforprotectingthefreshnessoffishandcheese.Thereareevenoliveoillampandoliveoilsoaps.OneimportantstudyshowsthatMediterraneanpeoplehavethelowestrateofheartdiseaseamongWesternnations.Thisispartlyassociatedwiththeirfrequentuseofoliveoil.Otherstudiesshowthatfoodcookedinoliveoilishealthier,andthateatingoliveoiltwiceadayreduceswomen’sriskofgettingbreastcancer.Theworldisbeginningtounderstanditsbenefits,andoliveoilisnolongeranunusualsightatdinnertablesoutsidetheMediterraneanarea.TheoliveoilproducingcountriesnowselllargeamountsofoliveoiltocountriesinEurope,Asia,Africa,andNorthandSouthAmerica.Oliveoilimprovesthelivesofpeopleeverywhere.Itsbenefits,recentlyconfirmedbyscience,werealreadyunderstoodinancienttimes.Mediterraneanpeoplearehappytosharetheirsecretwiththeworld.9．Whichstepoccursfirstinoliveoilproduction?A．Dryingtheolivesunderthesun. B．Separatingtheoilfromthewater.C．Separatingtheliquidfromthesolids. D．Pressingthewholeolivesintopieces.10．WhichuseofoliveoilisNOTmentionedinthepassage?A．Paint. B．Medicine. C．Money. D．Soap.11．Whydoestheauthorincludeinformationaboutseveralstudiesofoliveoil?A．Togivereasonswhyoliveoilissimilartomedicine.B．ToshowhowthebiologyofMediterraneanpeopleisspecial.C．Toexplainthegrowinginterestinoliveoilaroundtheworld.D．Toprovethatoliveoilismoreimportantforwomenthanformen.12．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．DiscussingoliveoilproductionoutsidetheMediterraneanarea.B．Explainingthehistory,production,benefits,anduseofoliveoil.C．ShowingwhyoliveoilisproducedaroundtheMediterraneanSea.D．ComparingMediterraneanoliveoilwiththatproducedinotherplaces.（2022·北京·清華附中朝陽學(xué)校高一期中）Humanisstrugglingtocontaintwomajorcrises:Skyrocketingglobaltemperaturesanddeep-divingbiodiversity(生物多樣性).Butpeopletendtosolveeachproblemonitsown,forinstancebyusinggreenenergiesandcarbon-eatingmachines,whilesurroundingecosystemstopreservethem.Butanewreportarguesthattreatingeachcrisisinisolation(孤立地)meansmissingoutonsolutionsthatresolveboth.Humancan'tsolveonewithoutalsosolvingtheother.Sowhatmightthesesolutionslooklike?Say,forinstance,youturnaheavilyloggedforestintoanationalpark.Asthetreesgrowback,theywouldprovidehabitatforthereturnofanimals.Lettingaforestcomebacknaturally,ratherthanplantingasinglespeciesoftreetobalanceupsomecorporation'scarbonemissions(排放),makesitrecoverfaster.Thisisknownasanature-basedsolution,acampaignthatbothabsorbcarbonandprovidesanextraecologicaloreconomicbenefit.Stoppinghuman'sattacksonecosystemscanalsohelpfightclimatechange,thestudy'sauthorswrite.Evencitiescangetinontheaction,thereportnotes.Urbanareasturninto"heatislands"becausetheyabsorbthesun'senergyduringthedayandslowlyreleaseitatnight.Theyarethereforemuchhotterthansurroundingruralareas.Plantingmoretreescoolscitiesandprovideshabitatsforbirdsandshadeforhumans,whichwillbeevenmorecriticalasglobaltemperaturesrise.Thebigthreat,theauthorsstress,isthatnature-basedsolutionsalonecan'tstopclimatechange.Astemperaturesclimbanddroughtsgetmoresevere,it'llbeharderforforests,wetlands,andmangrovestosurvive,evenwithourhelp.Firstandforemost,humanhastodramaticallyreduceitsgreenhousegasemissions.“Natureisnotgoingtosaveus."theauthorssay.“Wecanonlyusenaturetosupportefforts.”“Still,governmentsandcorporationsarebecomingmoreconsciousoftheimportanceofmaintainingbiodiversitywhilealsofightingclimatechange,"saysBeymer-Farris,fromtheUniversityofKentucky.“Imyself,asaprofessorwhohasbeenworkinginthisfor20years,Iseealotofhope,becauseIseealotofchangeonthehorizon."13．Howshouldpeopledealwiththetwocrises?A．Byusingcarbon-eatingmachines.B．Bygivingprioritytooneofthem.C．Bytacklingtheminthemeanwhile.D．Byestablishingmorenaturereserves.14．Whatisthemosteffectivewaytostopclimatechangeaccordingtotheauthor?A．Plantmoretreesinurbanareas.B．Adoptnature-basedsolutions.C．Sendoutlessgreenhousegas.D．Providehabitatsforanimals.15．WhatisBeymer-Farris'sattitudetothefutureoftheecology?A．Optimistic. B．Doubtful. C．Critical. D．Concerned.16．Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．WhywecareaboutclimatechangeB．HowtoliveinharmonywithnatureC．Whyurbanareasbecome“heatislands"D．Howtoprotectspeciesandsavetheplanet（2022·北京·昌平一中高一期中）It’scommonknowledgethatthewomaninLeonardodaVinci’smostfamouspaintingseemstolookbackatobservers,followingthemwithhereyesnomatterwheretheystandintheroom.Butthiscommonknowledgeturnsoutwrong.Anewstudyfindsthatthewomaninthepaintingisactuallylookingoutatananglethat’s15.4degreesofftotheobserver’sright—welloutsideoftherangethatpeoplenormallybelievewhentheythinksomeoneislookingrightatthem.Inotherwords,saidthestudyauthor,Horstmann,“She’snotlookingatyou.”Thisissomewhatironic,becausetheentirephenomenonofaperson’sgaze(凝視)inaphotographorpaintingseemingtofollowthevieweriscalledthe“MonaLisaeffect”.Thateffectisabsolutelyreal,Horstmannsaid.Ifapersonisillustratedorphotographedlookingstraightahead,evenpeopleviewingtheportraitfromananglewillfeeltheyarebeinglookedat.Aslongastheangleoftheperson’sgazeisnomorethanabout5degreesofftoeitherside,theMonaLisaeffectoccurs.Thisisimportantforhumaninteractionwithon-screencharacters.Ifyouwantsomeoneofftotherightsideofaroomtofeelthatapersonon-screenislookingathimorher,youdon’tcutthegazeofthecharactertothatside—surprisingly,doingsowouldmakeanobserverfeellikethecharacterisn’tlookingatanyoneintheroomatall.Instead,youkeepthegazestraightahead.Horstmannandhisco-authorwerestudyingthiseffectforitsapplicationinthecreationofartificial-intelligenceavatarswhenHorstmanntookalonglookatthe“MonaLisa”andrealizedshewasn’tlookingathim.Tomakesureitwasn’tjusthim,theresearchersasked24peopletoviewimagesofthe“MonaLisa”onacomputerscreen.TheysetarulerbetweentheviewerandthescreenandaskedtheparticipantstonotewhichnumberontherulerintersectedMonaLisa’sgaze.TocalculatetheangleofMonaLisa’sgazeasshelookedattheviewer,theymovedtherulerfartherfromorclosertothescreenduringthestudy.Consistently,theresearchersfound,participantsjudgedthatthewomaninthe“MonaLisa”portraitwasnotlookingstraightatthem,butslightlyofftotheirright.Sowhydopeoplerepeatthebeliefthathereyesseemtofollowtheviewer?Horstmannisn’tsure.It’spossible,hesaid,thatpeoplehavethedesiretobelookedat,sotheythinkthewomanislookingstraightatthem.Ormaybethepeoplewhofirstcoinedtheterm“MonaLisaeffect”justthoughtitwasacoolname.17．Itisgenerallybelievedthatthewomaninthepainting“MonaLisa”________.A．a(chǎn)ttractstheviewerstolookbackB．seemsmysteriousbecauseofhereyesC．fixeshereyesonthebackoftheviewersD．looksattheviewerswherevertheystand18．Theexperimentinvolving24peoplewasconductedto________.A．confirmHorstmann’sbeliefB．createartificial-intelligenceavatarsC．calculatetheangleofMonaLisa’sgazeD．explainhowtheMonaLisaeffectcanbeapplied19．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Horstmannthinksit’scooltocointheterm“MonaLisaeffect”.B．TheMonaLisaeffectcontributestothecreationofartificialintelligence.C．FeelingbeinggazedatbyMonaLisamaybecausedbythedesireforattention.D．Thepositionoftherulerintheexperimentwillinfluencetheviewers’judgement.（2022·北京·人大附中高一期中）NaminghurricaneNewresearchfromtheUniversityofIllinoisfindsthathurricaneswithfemalenamesarelikelytocausemoredeathsthanthosewithmalenames.Thestudyexaminedover60yearsofhurricaneswhichhittheUS.Theresultsshowedtherewerehigherdeathtolls,onaverage,whenthehurricanesweregivenafemalename.Thiswasn’tbecausefemale-namedhurricaneswereanymoresevere;ratherthatpeople’sbehaviorchanged.SharonShavitt,oneoftheauthorsofthereport,explained:“Injudgingtheintensityofastorm,peopleappeartobeapplyingtheirbeliefsabouthowmenandwomenbehave.Thismakesafemale-namedhurricane,suchasBelleorCandy,seemgentledandlessviolent.”Peopleunconsciouslysaytothemselves:howcouldIbekilledbyahurricanecalledCandy?Infact,hurricanesarenamedarbitrarily,andthenamestellyounothingabouttheseverityofthestorm.But,ifpeopleinthepathofthestormarelettingitsnameaffectwhethertheytakeshelter,whatwecallitmaymattermorethanwethink.Havingsearchedthroughtherecords,theresearchersreturnedtothelabtotesttheirfindingexperimentally.Peopleweregivenaseriesofhypotheticalstormswithmaleandfemalenamesandaskedtomakejudgmentsabouttheirintensityandtherisktheyfaced.Theresultsshowedthatpeopleoftenregardedmale-namedhurricanes,likeHurricaneChristopherorHurricaneVictorasmoreintenseandriskierthanthefemale-namedones,likeHurricaneAlexandraandHurricaneChrist.Shavittcontinued,“Peopleimagininga‘female’hurricanewerenotaswillingtoseekshelter.Thefixedideasthatunderliethesejudgmentsaresubtleandnotnecessarilyhostiletowardwomen—theymayinvolveviewingwomenaswarmerandlessaggressivethanmen.”Thefactisthatuntilthelate1970s,hurricaneswerealwaysgivenfemalenames,astheywerethoughttorepresentwomen’squalitieslikeunpredictability.Thispractice—andthesexistreasoningbehindit—wasrightlyabandonedinfavourofchoosingbetweenmaleandfemale.Strangely,though,whatwe’velearntisthatwe’dbebetteroffnamingallhurricanesaftermentotakeadvantageofpeople’sfixedviews.Theresearchersestimatethatchangingaseverehurricane’snamefrom“Eloise”to“Charles”couldpotentiallycutthedeathtollbyone-third.Perhapsthenamingofhurricaneisonespecificsituationwhereweshouldn’tworryaboutbeingsexist,ifbeingalittlesexistisgoingtosavelives.20．Hurricaneswithfemalenamesarelikelytocausemoredeathsbecause________.A．malenamedhurricanesarenotterribleB．female-namedhurricanesaremoresevereC．peoplethinkthefemale-namedhurricanesarenotsevereD．peopleprefertochallengethemale-namedhurricanes21．Theunderlinedword“arbitrarily”inParagraph2probablymeans________.A．forhumor B．onpurpose C．bychance D．inturn22．Accordingtothepassage,whichnamecanpossiblycutthedeathtoll?A．Eloise. B．Candy. C．Christina. D．Charles.23．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.A．futurehurricane’swillbenamedaftermenmoreoften B．beingsexistinnaminghurricane’shelpssavelivesC．sexisminnaminghurricane’swillbebanned D．rulesofnaminghurricanewillbechanged（2022·北京通州·高一期中）Batteriescanpoweranythingfromsmallsensortolargesystems.Whilescientistsarefindingwaystomakethemsmallerbutevenmorepowerful,problemscanhappenwhenthesebatteriesaremuchlargerandheavierthanthedevices(裝置)themselves.UniversityofMissouri(MU)researchersaredevelopinganuclear(核能的)energysourcethatissmaller,lighterandmoreefficient(效率高的).“Toprovideenoughpower,weneedcertainmethodswithhighenergydensity(密度),”saidJaeKwon,assistantprofessorofelectricalandcomputerengineeringatMU.“Theradioisotope(放射性同位素)batterycanprovidepowerdensitythatismuchhigherthanchemicalbatteries.”Kwonandhisresearchteamhavebeenworkingonbuildingasmallnuclearbattery,presentlythesizeandthicknessofapenny,intendedtopowervariousmicro/nanoelectromechanicalsystems(M/NEMS).Althoughnuclearbatteriescancauseconcerns,Kwonsaidtheyaresafe.“Peopleheartheword‘nuclear’andthinkofsomethingverydangerous.”hesaid.“However,nuclearpowersourceshavealreadybeensafelypoweringavarietyofdevices,suchaspace-makers,spacesatellitesandunderwatersystems.”Hisnewideaisnotonlyinthebattery’ssize,butalsoinitssemiconductor(半導(dǎo)體).Kwon’sbatteryusesaliquid(液體的)semiconductorratherthanasolid(固體的)semiconductor.“Thekeypartofusingaradioactivebatteryisthatwhenyouharvesttheenergy,partoftheradiationenergycandamagethelatticestructure(晶格結(jié)構(gòu))ofthesolidsemiconductor.”Kwonsaid.“Byusingaliquidsemiconductor,webelievewecanminimizethatproblem.”TogetherwithJ.DavidRobertson,chemistryprofessorandassociatedirectoroftheMUResearchReactor,Kwonisworkingtobuildandtestthebattery.Inthefuture,theyhopetoincreasethebattery’spower,makeitsmallerinsizeandtrywithvariousothermaterials.Kwonsaidthatthebatterycouldbethinnerthanthethicknessofhumanhair.24．WhichofthefollowingistrueofJaeKwon?A．Hedevelopedachemicalbattery.B．HeteacheschemistryatMU.C．Hemadeanachievementincomputer.D．Heisworkingonanuclearenergysource.25．JaeKwongaveexamplesinParagraph4__A．tointroducevariousenergysources.B．todescribeanuclear-poweredsystem.C．toshownuclearbatteriescanbesafelyused.D．toprovechemicalbatteriesarepopular.26．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“minimize”inParagraph6probablymean?A．Reducesomethingtothelowestlevel.B．Increasesomethingtothehighestlevel.C．Understandsomethingtotally.D．Exploresomethingdeeply.27．Fromthepassage,wecanlearnJaeKwon’snuclearbattery________.A．couldbeextremelythinB．haspassedthefinaltestC．usesasolidsemiconductorD．isalreadyonthemarket（2022·北京八中高一期中）AnAustralianprofessorisdevelopingarobottomonitorthehealthofgrazingcattle,adevelopmentthatcouldbringbigchangestoaprofessionthat'sreliedlargelyonalow-techapproachfordecadesbutisfacingalaborshortage.SalahSukkarieh,aprofessorattheUniversityofSydney,seesrobotsasnecessarygivenhowcattlemenareaging.Heisbuildingafour-wheeledrobotthatwillrunonsolarandelectricpower.Itwillusecamerasandsensorstomonitortheanimals.Acomputersystemwillanalyzethevideotodeterminewhetheracowissick.Radiotags(標(biāo)簽)ontheanimalswillmeasuretemperaturechanges.Thequalityofgrasslandwillbetrackedbymonitoringtheshape,colorandtexture(質(zhì)地)ofgrass.Thatway,cattlemenwillknowwhethertheyneedtomovetheircattletoanotherfieldfornutritionpurposes.Machineshavelargelytakenoverplanting,wateringandharvestingcropssuchascomandwheat,butthemonitoringofcattlehasgonethroughfewerchanges.ForTexascattlemanPeteBonds,it'sincreasinglydifficulttofindworkersinterestedinwatchingcattle.ButBondsdoesn'tbelievearobotisrightforthejob.Yearsofexperienceintheindustry-andfailedattemptstousetechnology-haveconvincedhimthatthebestwaytocheckcattleiswithamanonahorse.Bonds,whoboughthisfirstcattlealmost50yearsago,stillhaseachofhiscowboysinspect300or400cattledailyandlookforsignsthatananimalisgettingsick.Othercattlemenseemorepromiseinrobots.MichaelKelseyParis,vicepresidentoftheOklahomaCattlemen'sAssociation,saidarobotcouldbeextremelyusefulgivenrisingconcernsaboutcattletheft.Cattletendtobekeptinremoteplacesandtheirvaluehasrisen,makingthemappealingtargets.28．Whatisaproblemwiththecattle-raisingindustry?A．Soilpollution. B．Lackofworkers.C．Agingmachines. D．Lowprofitability.29．WhatwillSukkarieh'srobotbeabletodo?A．Monitorthequalityofgrass. B．Curethediseasedcattle.C．Movecattletoanotherfield. D．Predictweatherchanges.30．WhydoesPeteBondsstillhirecowboystowatchcattle?A．Hewantstohelpthemearnaliving. B．Hethinksmencandothejobbetter.C．Heisinexperiencedinusingrobots. D．Heenjoysthetraditionalwayoflife.31．HowmayrobotshelpwithcattlewatchingaccordingtoMichaelKelsey?A．Increasethevalueofcattle. B．Bringdownthecostoflabor.C．Makethejobmoreappealing. D．Keepcattlefrombeingstolen.（2022·北京交通大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)分校高一期中）Whyshouldmankindexplorespace?Whyshouldmoney,timeandeffortbespentexploringandresearchingsomethingwithsofewapparentbenefits?WhyshouldresourcesbespentonspaceratherthanonconditionsandpeopleonEarth?Thesearequestionsthat,understandably,areveryoftenasked.Perhapsthebestanswerliesinourgeneticmakeupashumanbeings.Whatdroveourancestorstomovefromthetreesintotheplains,andonintoallpossibleareasandenvironments?Thewiderthespreadofaspecies,thebetteritschanceofsurvival.Perhapsthebestreasonforexploringspaceisthisgenetictendencytoexpandwhereverpossible.Nearlyeverysuccessfulcivilizationhasexplored,becausebydoingso,anydangersinsurroundingareascanbeidentifiedandpreparedfor.Withoutknowledge,wemaybecompletelydestroyedbythedanger.Withknowledge,wecanlessenitseffects.Explorationalsoallowsmineralsandotherpotentialresourcestobefound.Evenifwehavenoimmediateneedofthem,theywillperhapsbeusefullater.Resourcesmaybemorethanphysicalpossessions.Knowledgeortechniqueshavebeenacquiredthroughexploration.Thetechniquesmayhavemedicalapplicationswhichcanimprovethelengthorqualityofourlives.Wehavealreadybenefitedfromotherspin-offsincludingimprovementsinearthquakeprediction,insatellitesforweatherforecastingandincommunicationssystems.Evennon-stickpansandmirroredsunglassesareby-products(副產(chǎn)品)oftechnologicaldevelopmentsinthespaceindustry.Whilemanyresourcesarespentonwhatseemsasmallreturn,theexplorationofspaceallowscreative,braveandintelligentmembersofourspeciestofocusonwhatmayservetosaveus.Whilespacemayholdmanywondersandexplanationsofhowtheuniversewasformedorhowitworks,italsoholdsdangers.Thedangerexists,butknowledgecanhelphumanbeingtosurvive.Withouttheabilitytoreachoutacrossspace,thechancetosaveourselvesmightnotexist.WhileEarthistheonlyplanetknowntosupportlife,surelytheadaptiveabilityofhumanswouldallowustoliveonotherplanets.Itistruethatthelifestylewouldbedifferent,buthumanlifeandcultureshaveadaptedinthepastandsurelycouldinthefuture.32．WhydoestheauthormentionthequestionsinParagraph1?A．Toexpresshisdoubts. B．Tocomparedifferentideas.C．TodescribetheconditionsonEarth. D．Tointroducepointsfordiscussion.33．Whatisther