Book5Unit1GreatscientistsPart1清單式背誦——主干知識一遍過1.putforward提出(建議)(raise)；推薦；將……提前；將(鐘表等)向前撥putaside把……放在一邊；儲存；留出時間；不理會，忽視putaway放好；積蓄putdown放下；鎮(zhèn)壓；寫下；付定金putoff延期；推遲putout撲滅；生產(chǎn)，制造putup舉起；搭建，建造；提供食宿；張貼putupwith忍受；容忍putthrough接通電話；完成eg.(2020·全國卷Ⅲ書面表達)Sowouldyoupleasesparesometimetoreviewthedraftscriptattachedtothisemailandputforwardyourownideas？(求助信)那么，請您抽出一些時間來修改一下這封電子郵件所附的手稿草稿，并提出您自己的想法好嗎？2.concludevt.&vi.結束(close)；推斷出，得出結論(reasonout)?conclude...from從……推斷出……conclude(fromsth)that...(從某事中)推斷……conclude...with/bydoingsth...以……結束……toconclude最后?conclusionn.結論；結束cometo/reach/draw/arriveataconclusion得出結論bring...toaconclusion使……結束makeaconclusion下結論inconclusion總而言之eg.(2020·全國卷Ⅰ書面表達)Inconclusion，myEnglishteacheristhepersonIrespectmost.(人物介紹)總之，我的英語老師是我最尊敬的人?！韭?lián)想】表示“總而言之”的其他表達方式還有：inshort，inbrief，inaword，allinall，tosumup，briefly(speaking)，onthewhole3.attendvt.照顧；護理(carefor)；出席；參加(participatein)；專心；留意(payattention)?attendameeting/alecture/awedding/class參加會議/聽講座/參加婚禮/上課attend(on/upon)sb伺候某人；照顧某人attendto處理(生意或個人事務)；照料(某人)；接待(顧客)；專心；注意(to為介詞)?attendancen.出席；到場；參加eg.(全國卷Ⅲ書面表達)Withanimportantmeetingtoattend，Ican’tgotothebookstorewithyou.(道歉信)我有一個重要的會議要參加，不能和你一起去書店了。4.exposevt.暴露；揭露；使曝光；使面臨，使遭受(危險或不快)；使接觸；使體驗?exposesth/sb/oneselfto...使某物/某人/自己暴露或置身于……?exposedadj.無遮蔽的；不遮擋風雨的；無保護的beexposedto暴露于；遭受到；(使)接觸到?exposuren.暴露；面臨，遭受(危險或不快)；揭露eg.(2020·浙江7月卷)Heexposedhissharpteeth，glaringatusasheranforward.(動作描寫)他暴露自己鋒利的牙齒，一邊怒視我們一邊向前跑?！军c撥】在expose...to...和beexposedto結構中，to為介詞，其后要用名詞、代詞或動名詞作賓語。【同義】disclose，exhibit，uncover，bringout5.curen.[C]治愈；痊愈；藥物；療法；措施vt.治愈；治療；解決；改掉(壞習慣)?acureforsth針對……的治療acureforpoverty解決貧困問題的措施beyondcure無可救藥?curesbofsth治愈某人的??；改掉某人的壞習慣6.challengen.挑戰(zhàn)vt.向……挑戰(zhàn)；對……質疑?face/respondtothechallenge面對/回應挑戰(zhàn)accept/takeup/onachallenge接受挑戰(zhàn)?challengesbtosth向某人挑戰(zhàn)某事challengesbtodosth向某人挑戰(zhàn)做某事challengeaview質疑某個觀點?challengingadj.具有挑戰(zhàn)性的eg.(2022·蘇州模擬)Usedtotakingupchallenges,Sadiyawasdeterminedtodosomethingforthechildren.薩迪亞習慣于接受挑戰(zhàn)，決心為孩子們做點什么。7.absorbvt.吸收；吸引；使專心；使并入；吞并；理解；掌握；使緩沖?absorb/attract/drawone’sattention吸引某人的注意absorb...from...從……中吸收……o...把……吸收進……absorboneselfin...使全神貫注?absorbedadj.全神貫注的(be/get)absorbedin...全神貫注于……，專心于……eg.(浙江6月卷)Absorbedin/AbsorbingmyselfinpractisingEnglish，IhavedevelopedfluencyinspokenEnglish.(申請信)專心練習英語，我的英語口語非常流利。【點撥】(be/get)absorbedin...結構在句中作定語、狀語時，常用其過去分詞形式“absorbedin...”。類似的結構還有：belostin,becaughtin,beburiedin,bedevotedto,beinvolvedin等?！就x】suck，takein，occupy，understand，grasp8.suspectvt.認為；懷疑n.被懷疑者；嫌疑犯adj.不可信的；可疑的?suspectthat...懷疑……；覺得……suspectsbof(doing)sth懷疑某人(做過)某事suspectsbtobe...懷疑某人是……?asuspectpackage可疑包裹9.blamevt.責備；譴責；把……歸咎于n.過失；責備?blamesb/sthfor(doing)sth為某事/物責備某人blamesthonsb/sth把某事歸咎于某人/事betoblame(forsth)(為某事)承擔責任；該(為……)受責備?lay/puttheblameon把……歸咎于……【點撥】betoblame不能用被動語態(tài)，該短語用主動語態(tài)表示被動含義。10.linkvt.&n.連接；聯(lián)系(connect)link...to/with...將……和……聯(lián)系或連接起來linkupwith與……聯(lián)合；使與……銜接eg.(2022·南京模擬)Theystayedlinkedtightlyandmanagedtoensuretheyweresafebymakingtheirfeetfirmlyplantedinthesand.他們緊緊地聯(lián)系在一起，并設法確保他們的腳牢牢地插在沙子里，從而確保他們的安全。11.announcevt.宣布；通告；宣告(決定、計劃等)；(尤指通過廣播)通知?announcesth(tosb)(向某人)宣布、通告某事announcethat...宣布……；通知……Itis/wasannouncedthat...據(jù)宣布……?announcementn.[C]通知；通告[U]宣布；宣告makeanannouncement宣布通告?announcern.廣播員；播音員【聯(lián)想】后綴－ment構成的抽象名詞：movement移動；運動；development發(fā)展disappointment失望；excitement興奮improvement改善；treatment對待；judgment判斷12.instructvt.命令；指示；教導?instructsbtodosth命令某人做某事instructsbin(doing)sth指導某人(做)某事instructsbthat...(should)dosth命令……(賓語從句中用虛擬語氣)?instructiveadj.指示性的，有教育意義的instructionn.指導；指示；(常用復數(shù)形式)用法說明13.constructionn.[U]建設；修建；[C]建筑物?(be)underconstruction正在建設中?constructvt.建設；修建constructiveadj.建設性的；有助益的；積極的eg.(天津卷書面表達)What’smore,Iwillemailyouourtrainingplansoon,hopingyoucanoffersomeconstructivesuggestionsregardingit.(求助信)更重要的是，我會盡快將我們的培訓計劃電郵給你，希望你能提供一些建設性的建議。14.contributevt.&vi.捐獻；貢獻；捐助；投稿；導致?contribute(sth)to...(把某物)捐獻給……；給……投稿contributeto有助于；導致；投稿?contributionn.捐獻；貢獻；稿件makeacontribution/contributionsto對……做出貢獻(to為介詞)eg.(2020·全國卷Ⅱ)Iamdeterminedtostudyhard，tobeausefulpersontothecountryandtocontributetotheimprovementofpeople’slives.我決定努力學習，成為一個對社會有用的人，并且促進人們改善生活。【同義】donate；givesthaway；support；assist15.makesense講得通；有意義；有道理?makesenseof理解；明白makenosense沒道理；沒意義?inasense在某一方面；就某種意義來說innosense決不(位于句首時用部分倒裝)Thereisnosense(in)doingsth.做某事是沒有道理的。eg.Worsestill,severalpagesinthebookaremissing,whichmakesitimpossibleformetomakesenseofthebook.(投訴信)更糟糕的是，書里少了幾頁，這讓我無法理解這本書。16.enthusiasticadj.熱情的；熱心的?beenthusiasticabout(doing)sth熱衷于(做)某事?enthusiasmn.熱情；熱心enthusiasticallyadv.熱情地；熱心地eg.(北京卷書面表達)Additionally,nowthatyouareenthusiasticabouttheChineseculture,whynottakeuphistoryasyourmajor？(建議信)另外，既然你對中國文化很感興趣，為什么不把歷史作為你的專業(yè)呢？17.cautiousadj.小心的；謹慎的；細心的?becautiousof/about(doing)sth謹防……?cautiouslyadv.小心地；謹慎地?cautionn.小心；謹慎withcaution仔細地eg.(江蘇卷書面表達)Itseemsweshouldbecautiousaboutratings.看來我們應該對評級保持謹慎。教材詞塊1.gatherinformation收集信息2.makefurtherinvestigations做進一步調查3.acloudofgas一團氣體4.findsupportingevidence找到有力的證據(jù)5.topreventthisfromhappeningagain為了防止這種情況再次發(fā)生6.bepassedfromparentstotheirchildren(某物)由父母傳給子女7.researchintoadisease對一種疾病的研究8.anoutbreakofcholera霍亂爆發(fā)9.doscientificjob做科學工作10.workexperience工作經(jīng)驗11.developasevereillness得了一種嚴重的疾病12.thefireworksdisplay煙火表演13.thecentreofthesolarsystem太陽系的中心14.forthatreason由于那個原因15.goroundtheearth圍著地球轉16.onthebasis基于教材佳句1.Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame.(形式主語it；betoblame)看來水是罪魁禍首。2.Heplacedafixedsunatthecentreofthesolarsystemwiththeplanetsgoingroundit...(with復合結構)他把一個固定的太陽放在太陽系的中心位置，別的行星都圍繞著太陽轉動……3.Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.(only位于句首的部分倒裝)只有當你把太陽放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運動才能說得清楚。1.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.所以每次爆發(fā)霍亂時，都有成千上萬驚恐的人病死。句型公式|everytime引導時間狀語從句可引導時間狀語從句的其他名詞短語：(1)由time構成的名詞詞組：eachtime，thefirst/lasttime，nexttime，anytime等。(2)the＋瞬間名詞：theminute，theinstant，themoment等，意為“一……就……”。①IdohopethatyoucanpayavisittomyhometowneverytimeyoucometoChina.我真的希望你每次來中國都能來我的家鄉(xiāng)參觀。②(全國卷Ⅰ)ThefirsttimeIwentthere，theywerelivinginasmallhousewithdogs，ducks，andotheranimals.我第一次去那里時，他們和狗、鴨和其他動物住在一所小房子里。③Becareful!Themachinestartsthemomentyoupressthebutton.小心！你一按按鈕，機器就啟動了。2.Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.人們既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治療方法。句型公式|neither...nor...(1)neither...nor...“既不……也不……”，連接句中兩個相同的句子成分。連接主語時，謂語動詞遵循“就近原則”。(2)遵循“就近原則”的其他并列連詞：·either...or...要么……要么……·notonly...butalso...不僅……而且……·not...but...不是……而是……①(2019·全國卷Ⅱ)Withoutmotivation，youcanneithersetagoalnorreachit.沒有動力，你既無法設定目標，也無法實現(xiàn)它。②Lastyear，neithertheexpertsnorthephysicianwasenthusiasticaboutthecurefortheseveredisease.去年，無論是專家還是醫(yī)生都對這種嚴重疾病的治療不感興趣。③Notonlytheteacherbutalsothestudentswereinstructednottobeexposedtothesunforalongtimelastsummer.去年夏天，老師和學生都被要求不要長時間暴露在陽光下。Part2學案式檢測——背誦效果速評估(限時20分鐘)Ⅰ.單詞過關檢測課內基礎達標——英漢互譯1.defeat__vt.打??；戰(zhàn)勝；使受挫n.失敗2.expert__adj.熟練的；經(jīng)驗或知識豐富的n.專家；行家3.attend__vt.照顧；護理；出席；參加4.expose__vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光5.cure__n.治愈；痊愈vt.治愈；治療6.absorb__vt.吸收；吸引；使專心7.suspect__vt.認為；懷疑n.被懷疑者；嫌疑犯8.foresee__vt.預見；預知9.blame__vt.責備；譴責n.過失；責備10.handle__n.柄；把手vt.處理；操縱11.pumpn.泵；抽水機vt.(用泵)抽(水)12.fireworkn.煙火(燃放)13.chartn.圖表14.enthusiasticadj.熱情的；熱心的15.spinvi.&vt.(使)旋轉；紡(線或紗)16.infectvt.感染；傳染17.deadlyadj.致命的18.cluen.線索；提示課外拓展延伸——詞形變換1.paintvt.&vi.繪畫；涂n.油漆；繪畫顏料→paintern.畫家；油漆匠→paintingn.油畫；水彩畫2.sciencen.科學→scientistn.科學家→scientificadj.科學的3.concludevt.&vi.結束；推斷出→conclusionn.結論；結束4.analysevt.分析→analysisn.分析；分解5.infectvt.傳染；感染→infectious__adj.傳染的→infectionn.感染；傳染；傳染病6.attendvt.照顧；護理；出席；參加→attendancen.出席；到場；參加7.exposevt.暴露；揭露；使曝光→exposedadj.無遮蔽的；不遮擋風雨的；無保護的→exposuren.暴露；面臨，遭受(危險或不快)；揭露8.challengen.挑戰(zhàn)vt.向……挑戰(zhàn)→challengingadj.具有挑戰(zhàn)性的9.absorbvt.吸收；吸引；使專心→absorbedadj.專心致志的10.investigatevt.&vi.調查→investigationn.調查11.pollutevt.污染；弄臟→pollutedn.受污染的→pollutionn.污染12.announcevt.宣布；通告→announcern.播音員；廣播員→announcementn.通知；宣告13.certainadj.確實的；肯定的→certaintyn.確信；確實→certainlyadv.確定；肯定14.instructvt.命令；指示；教導→instructionn.指導；指示；用法說明→instructiveadj.指示性的；有教育意義的15.responsibleadj.有責任的；負責的→responsibilityn.責任；負責16.constructvt.建設；修建→constructionn.建設；建筑物→constructiveadj.建設性的；有助益的；積極的17.contributevt.&vi.捐獻；貢獻；捐助→contributionn.捐獻；貢獻18.movev.移動；運動→movementn.移動；運動；動作19.enthusiasticadj.熱情的；熱心的→enthusiasticallyadv.熱情地；熱心地→enthusiasmn.熱情；熱心20.cautionn.小心；謹慎→cautiousadj.小心的，謹慎的→cautiouslyadv.小心地；謹慎地21.rejectvt.拒絕；不接受；拋棄→rejectionn.拒絕；拋棄22.universen.宇宙；世界→universaladj.普遍的；宇宙的→universallyadv.普遍地Ⅱ.短語詞塊過關檢測課內基礎達標——英漢互譯1.put__forward提出2.expose...to使顯露；暴露3.be__determined__to__do__sth決定做某事4.make__sense講得通；有意義5.be__strict__with...對……嚴格的6.be__to__blame應受譴責/責備7.look__into調查8.lead__to導致；通向9.slowdown慢下來10.apartfrom除……之外；此外11.link...to...將……和……聯(lián)系或連接起來12.acloudofgas__一團氣體13.gatherinformation__收集信息14.makefurtherinvestigations做進一步調查15.thecentreofthesolarsystem太陽系的中心課外拓展延伸——英漢互譯1.put__away放好；積蓄2.come__to/reach/draw/arrive__at__a__conclusion得出結論3.attend__to處理；照料；接待；專心；注意4.a__cure__for__sth針對……的治療5.accept/take__up__a__challenge接受挑戰(zhàn)6.absorb__oneself__in...使全神貫注7.suspect__sb__of__(doing)__sth懷疑某人(做過)某事8.blame__sth__on__sb把某事歸咎于某人9.linkupwith與……聯(lián)合；使與……銜接10.instructsbtodosth命令某人做某事11.contributeto有助于；導致；投稿12.inasense在某一方面；就某種意義來說13.beenthusiasticabout(doing)sth熱衷于(做)某事14.becautiousof/about(doing)sth謹防……Ⅲ.句式過關檢測課內基礎達標——補全句子1.看來水是罪魁禍首。(betoblame)Itseemedthatthe__water__was__to__blame.2.他把一個固定的太陽放在太陽系的中心位置，別的行星都圍繞著太陽轉動……(with的復合結構)Heplacedafixedsunatthecentreofthesolarsystemwith__the__planets__going__round__it...3.只有當你把太陽放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運動才能說得清楚。(only位于句首的部分倒裝)Only__if__you__put__the__sun__there__did__the__movementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.4.所以每次爆發(fā)霍亂時，都有成千上萬驚恐的人病死。(everytime引導時間狀語從句)Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedevery__time__there__was__an__outbreak.5.人們既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治療方法。(neither...nor...)Neither__its__cause__nor__its__curewasunderstood.課外拓展延伸——補全句子1.我真的希望你每次來中國都能來我的家鄉(xiāng)參觀。(everytime引導時間狀語從句)Idohopethatyoucanpayavisittomyhometownevery__time__you__come__to__China.2.沒有動力，你既無法設定目標，也無法實現(xiàn)它。(neither...nor...)Withoutmotivation，you__can__neither__set__a__goal__nor__reach__it.3.那么，請您抽出一些時間來修改一下這封電子郵件所附的手稿草稿，并提出您自己的想法好嗎？(putforward)Sowouldyoupleasesparesometimetoreviewthedraftscriptattachedtothisemailandput__forward__your__own__ideas?4.我有一個重要的會議要參加，不能和你一起去書店了。(with復合結構；attend)With__an__important__meeting__to__attend，Ican’tgotothebookstorewithyou.Part3層級式精練——單元要點全練通1.expose用法個個清——練用法/寫美句①Wewanttoexposethekidstoasmuchartandcultureaspossible.②Ifyouexposeyourselftothesunlightforalongtimeinsummer，youwillgetsunburnt.→Exposing__yourself__to__the__sunlightforalongtimeinsummer，youwillgetsunburnt.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語)→Exposed__to__the__sunlightforalongtimeinsummer，youwillgetsunburnt.(分詞短語作狀語)2.absorb用法一遍過——猜詞義/寫美句①Manyofthesefarmershavebeenabsorbedintotheurbanworkforceoverrecentyears.vt.使并入；吞并②(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)Ittakessunscreenaboutfifteenminutestostartworking，andthat’splentyoftimeforyourskintoabsorbaday’sworthofVitamin D.vt.吸收③(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)Infact，mostpeopleonlyabsorbabout20percentofaspeaker’smessage.vt.理解④(2019·全國卷Ⅱ)ThesekidsaresoabsorbedintheirstudiesthatIjustsitback.adj.專心的⑤湯姆專心于工作，以至于忘記告知我會議的時間了。→Tomwas__absorbed__in__his__work，soheforgottoinformmeofthetimeofthemeeting.→Absorbing__himself__in__his__work，Tomforgottoinformmeofthetimeofthemeeting.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語)→Absorbed__in__his__work，Tomforgottoinformmeofthetimeofthemeeting.(過去分詞短語作狀語)3.blame用法多棱鏡——練用法/寫美句①(2022·泉州模擬)Allthateveningshewasupsetandblamedherbiologyteacherforherproblem.Ifhehadn’tmadethemdissect(解剖)frogs,shewouldn’thavebeensoabsent－minded.②Itwastheprofessorratherthanhisassistantthatwasto__blame(blame)forwhathadhappenedinthelab.③(全國卷Ⅲ)Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorning，andputtheblameonthealarmclock.④Alicewasinlowspiritsbecauseshewasblamedforthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork.→Blamed__for__the__breakdown__of__the__school__computer__network，Alicewasinlowspirits.(分詞短語作狀語)4.contribute用法巧練通——猜詞義/寫美句①(2021·全國乙卷書面表達)Besides,makingascheduleisamust,forgoodtimemanagementwillcontributetoourefficiency.有助于②Ifyouwanttocontributetoournewspaper，pleasesendmeyourarticlebeforethedeadline.投稿③(北京卷書面表達)總之，我為自己對傳播中國文化做出的巨大貢獻感到自豪。Inconclusion，Iwasproudofmaking__great__contributions__to__spreading__Chinese__culture.5.put短語一網(wǎng)收——練用法/寫美句①(2021·浙江1月卷)FinallyImanagedtoputmywholeheadintoit,likeacork(軟木塞)forcedintoabottle.②Firstheopenedashopandthenheput__upasignoutsidetheshoptoattractcustomers.③Icanput__up__withthehousebeinguntidy，butIhateitifit’snotclean.④Encouragechildrentoput__asidesomeoftheirpocketmoneytobuyChristmaspresents.⑤至于你在信中提出的問題，我認為有一個平衡的飲食是一個好主意。Asfortheproblemyou__put__forwardinyourletter，Ithinkitisagoodideatohaveabalanceddiet.6.“名詞短語引導時間狀語從句”句型薈萃——寫美句①每當我聽到這首英語歌曲，我就忍不住想起我的朋友安娜。Every__time__I__hear__this__English__song，Ican’thelpthinkingofmyfriendAnna.②他一到家，我們就在門口迎接他。The__minute__he__arrived__home，we’dgreethimatthedoor.③他第一次上這位年輕老師的課時就對他的課產(chǎn)生了興趣。Hebecameinterestedintheyoungteacher’slessonthe__first__time__he__attended__his__class.維度一詞形變化練1.(2021·八省市聯(lián)考卷)Itisnotentirelysurprisingthatbearsshouldhaveahighdegreeofintelligence.Theyfacealotofchallenges(challenge)whentryingtogetfood.2.Thehonourismainlyduetoyou.Butforyourhelpandprofessionalinstruction(instruct)，Iwouldn’thavesurvived.3.(2020·浙江1月卷)Reducingwaterpollution(pollute)isabenefitofusingcheesebrineonroads.4.(2020·山東高考模擬卷)Lifeinthetreetopscanbechallenging(challenge)attimes.5.(2019·全國卷Ⅱ)Afteralongandcarefulsearch，Gregsaw，acrossafield，thedogmovingcautiously(cautious)away.6.Fromhiscomment，Icantellthemanagerdoesn’tsoundveryenthusiastic__(enthusiasm)abouttheidea.7.Attheendofthemeeting,itwas__announced(announce)thatanagreementhadbeenreached.8.Inconclusion(conclude),walkingisacheap,safe,enjoyableandreadilyavailableformofexercise.維度二固定用法練1.DoctorSnowsuspectedthatthepollutedwaterwaslinkedtothedisease，buthedidn’tfindenoughevidence.2.Atpresent，theteamislookingintothecauseoftheforestfire，whichcausedmorethan30deaths.3.Wemustbestrictwithourstudentswhileweshouldgivethemloveandcareaswell.4.Helivedinalonelyvillage.Apartfromthevillagers，hehadnoonetotalkto.5.Thepolicearelookingintoamanwhoissuspectedofrobbingabank.維度三語境辨義練■熟詞生義——根據(jù)語境寫出加黑詞的詞性和詞義1.(2020·全國卷Ⅲ)Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristicsthatmadethetaskeasierforthem.n.特征；特性2.(2019·全國卷Ⅲ)ForWesterndesigners，ChinaanditsrichculturehavelongbeenaninspirationforWesterncreative.n.創(chuàng)意3.(全國卷Ⅲ)Attheevents，youcanmeetexpertgrowersanddiscusswhichoneswillbestsuityourconditions.adj.專業(yè)的4.Well－designedsportsshoesshouldabsorbtheimpactonyourfeet.vt.使緩沖■一詞多義——根據(jù)語境選出handle的含義A.n.柄；把手B.vt.處理C.vt.操縱1.(全國卷Ⅱ)Exercisingmakesyoumoreawakeandreadytohandlewhateverisaheadofyoufortheday.B2.(全國卷Ⅱ)TeainChinawastraditionallydrunkfromcupswithouthandles.A3.Drivingacarisnotjusthandlingcontrolsandjudgingspeedanddistance.C人與社會——歷史、社會與文化用本單元詞匯、句式和語法知識完成作文假如你是李華，你的外國朋友Jack想了解著名科學家屠呦呦的相關情況，請你根據(jù)以下要求給他寫一封回信。姓名屠呦呦國籍中國職業(yè)藥學家、醫(yī)學專家、科學家興趣愛好自幼熱衷于傳統(tǒng)中藥主要經(jīng)歷1.1930年12月30日生于浙江寧波；2.1951年考入北京大學，主修制藥專業(yè)；3.畢業(yè)后一直專心于中醫(yī)藥的研究；4.1972年成功發(fā)現(xiàn)并制成了能治療瘧疾的青蒿素(artemisinin)；5.2015年10月5日，她被授予諾貝爾醫(yī)學獎，成為中國第一個獲得諾貝爾獎的女性科學家。DearJack，I’mmorethandelightedtogiveyouabriefintroductionaboutTuYouyou，afamousChinesewomanscientist.BorninNingbo，ZhejiangProvinceonDecember30th1930，TuYouyou，amedicalexpertandscientist，1.was__enthusiastic__about__traditional__Chinese__medicine(對中醫(yī)藥很感興趣)whenshewasyoung.In1951，shewasadmittedintoPekingUniversity，majoringinmakingmedicine.Aftergraduatingfromtheuniversity，she2.has__been__absorbed__in__scientific__research__of__traditional__Chinese__medicine(專注于中醫(yī)科學研究).In1972，shesucceededindiscoveringanddevelopingartemisinin，whichcould3.cure__people__of__malaria(治療瘧疾)，adeadlydiseaseatthattime.She4.has__made__great__contributions__in__the__field__of__medicine(在醫(yī)學領域做出了巨大的貢獻).ShewasawardedtheNobelPrizeinMedicineonOctober5th，2015，becomingthefirstChinesewomanscientisttowintheNobelPrize.Yours，LiHuaPart4配餐式作業(yè)——高考題型精準練(限時30分鐘)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2022·長春市高三質量監(jiān)測二)ThehistoryofmicrobiologybeginswithaDutchclothmakernamedAntonievanLeeuwenhoek，amanofnoformalscientificeducation.Inthelate1600s，Leeuwenhoek，inspiredbythemagnifyinglenses(放大鏡)heusedtoexaminecloth，builtsomeofthefirstmicroscopes.Hedevelopedatechniquetoimprovethequalityoftiny，roundedlenses，someofwhichcouldmagnifyanobjectupto270times.Afterremovingsomeplaquefrombetweenhisteethandexaminingitunderalens，Leeuwenhoekfoundtinytwistingcreatures，whichhecalled“animalcules”.Hisobservations，whichhereportedtotheRoyalSocietyofLondon，areamongthefirstdescriptionsofmicrobes(微生物).Leeuwenhoekdiscoveredanentireuniverseinvisibletothehumaneye.Hefounddifferentmicrobesinsamplesofpondwater，rainwater，andhumanblood.Hegavethefirstdescriptionofredbloodcells，observedplanttissue，examinedmuscle，andinvestigatedthelifecycleofinsects.Nearlytwohundredyearslater，Leeuwe－nhoek’sdiscoveryofmicrobeshelpedFrenchchemistandbiologistLouisPasteurtodevelophis“theoryofdisease”.Thisconceptsuggestedthatdiseaseoriginatesfromtinyorganismsattackingandweakeningthebody.Pasteur’stheorylaterhelpeddoctorstofightinfectiousdiseasesincludinganthrax，diphtheria，polio，smallpox，tetanus，andtyphoid.AllthesebreakthroughsweretheresultofLeeuwenhoek’soriginalwork.Leeuwenhoekdidnotforeseethis__legacy.Ina1716letter，hedescribedhiscontributiontosciencethisway：“Mywork，whichI’vedoneforalongtime，wasnotpursuedinordertogainthepraiseInowenjoy，butchieflyfromastrongdesireforknowledge，whichInoticeresidesinmemorethaninmostothermen.Andtherefore，wheneverIfoundoutanythingremarkable，Ithoughtitwasmydutytoputdownmydiscoveryonpaper，sothatthescientificcommunitymightbeinformed.”【語篇解讀】本文是記敘文。主要介紹了微生物研究的先驅者AntonievanLeeuwenhoek為微生物學所做的貢獻及他對自己所做的貢獻的看法。1.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesLeeuwenhoek?A.Atrainedresearcherwithaninterestinmicrobiology.B.Acuriousamateurwhomadepioneeringstudiesofmicrobes.C.Atalentedscientistinterestedinfindingacurefordisease.D.Aboredclothmakerwhoaccidentallymadeamajordiscovery.答案B[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的第一句可知，Leeuwenhoek沒有接受過正式的科學教育，是一個充滿好奇心的業(yè)余愛好者，他做出了開創(chuàng)性的微生物研究。]2.Theunderlinedphrase“thislegacy”inParagraph3refersto__________.A.thediscoveryofmicrobesB.Pasteur’stheoryofdiseaseC.Leeuwenhoek’scontributionD.theoriginofthetinyorganism答案C[詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞語前面提到的“所有的這些突破都是Leeuwenhoek原先工作成果的結果”可推知，畫線詞語所在句表示“Leeuwenhoek沒有預見到他所做的貢獻”。]3.WhatdoesthequotefromLeeuwenhoek’slettersuggest?A.Headmittedthatmanyofhisdiscoverieshappenedbychance.B.Heconsideredhisworktobecentraltolatermedicalbreakthroughs.C.Hewasgreatlyconcernedwithimprovingpeople’slivingconditions.D.Hebelievedthesharingofknowledgewasakeytoscientificprogress.答案D[推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句可知，Leeuwenhoek認為把他的發(fā)現(xiàn)記錄下來是他的義務，這樣科學界才可能對這些發(fā)現(xiàn)有所了解，由此可推知，他認為分享知識是科學進步的關鍵。]4.Whatisthecorrectorderforthefollowingevents?a.Magnifyinglenseswerebuilt.b.The“theoryofdisease”wasputforward.c.Microbeswerediscoveredinsamplesofwater.d.Leeuwenhoek’sfirstmicroscopesweresuccessfullydeveloped.e.Leeuwenhoekexplainedhisthoughtsuponhisowncontribution.A.a－d－c－e－b. B.d－a－c－e－b.C.a－c－d－b－e. D.d－a－e－b－c.答案A[細節(jié)理解題。瀏覽全文，根據(jù)第一和第二段可知，Leeuwenhoek從放大鏡上獲得靈感制造了顯微鏡，再發(fā)現(xiàn)了微生物。根據(jù)第三段第一句可知，在Leeuwenhoek發(fā)現(xiàn)微生物將近兩百年后，即大約19世紀后半葉，一種疾病理論被提出。由最后一段可知，他闡述對自己所做的貢獻的看法的信是在1716年寫的。]【詞匯積累】1.originatefrom起源于2.foreseev.預料，預見，預知3.pursuevt.追求4.reside/r?'za?d/v.居住在，定居于5.putsthdown寫下；(用筆等)記下B(2022·合肥市第三次質量檢測)BornonJuly1st，1948，inthesmallItaliancityofPalmi，RobertoCreawasageniuskid.HemovedtotheNetherlandsandmajoredinBiologicalChemistry.Itwasthisuniversitythatdirectedhisinterestinthesynthesis(合成)ofnucleotides，thebasicunitsthatarerequiredtobuildDNA.Atthattime，notmanyresearchersstudiedthecombinationofgenes(基因)，butRoberto’sstrongchemistrybackgroundmadeahistoricalinventionpossible.In1977，hejoinedtheGenentech，Inc.andthegenesynthesisteamatCityofHopeMedicalSchool.ThecompanyfundedDr.Crea’songoingresearchongenesynthesis.Afterworkingdayandnight，thebrilliantindividualfinallyinventedanewprocedurethatimprovedthechemicalsynthesisofgenes.ThankstohisrichknowledgeandthejointeffortsoftheexcellentGenentechteam，hemadeuseofthis__inventiontoproducethehumaninsulin(胰島素)genes，Aand B.ItwashisinventionthatallowedGenentechtobelabeledasthefirstproducerofhumanprotein.Thisbenefitedhundredsofmillionsofpeoplesufferingfromdiabetes(糖尿病)allovertheworld.TodayRobertoisknownasthefatherofsyntheticinsulinandhadalmostwontheNobelPrize.Hiseffortsdidnotstopafterdiscoveringthesyntheticinsulin；infact，hewasmorethandrivenandtriedtomakemorecontributionstothefieldofbiotechnology.HisteamofexpertsdiscoveredZiconotideunderhisteachingsandguidance.Accordingtoleadingscientistsandresearchers，thisdrugismorepowerfulandeffectivethanmorphine(嗎啡)，andthebestpartofthisisthatithaszeroside－effects.Dr.RobertoCreahasalonglistofcreditablediscoveriesandresearchesthathehasachievedin65yearsofhislife.Heisaninspirationformanyindividualswhoaimtoaddvaluetohumanitywiththehelpofscience.【語篇解讀】本文是記敘文，主要講述了合成胰島素之父RobertoCrea的故事。他早年憑借自己的天資和刻苦努力研發(fā)出了人類胰島素基因，并差點獲得諾貝爾獎。但他沒有滿足于自己的成就，而是在科研的道路上不懈追求。5.WhatmaycontributetoRoberto’sinventionofthehumaninsulingenes?A.Hisgoodluckinhislife.B.Hiscuriosityabouthisstudy.C.Hiscreativeimagination.D.Hisknowledgeofchemistry.答案D[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Atthattime，notmanyresearchersstudied...ahistoricalinventionpossible”可知，Roberto較強的化學背景讓他能夠完成這項發(fā)明。]6.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“thisinvention”inParagraph2referto?A.Aspecialwayofproducinghumanprotein.B.Areliablemethodforcuringpeopleofdiabetes.C.Anewprocedureforimprovinggenesynthesis.D.Asimpletechniqueofseparatinghumangenes.答案C[詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句中的“他利用這項發(fā)明生產(chǎn)出了人類胰島素基因”和語境可知，“這項發(fā)明”指的是第二段中的“anewprocedurethatimprovedthechemicalsynthesisofgenes”。]7.WhatdoweknowaboutRobertoinParagraph3?A.HewonaNobelPrize.B.Hestucktohisscientificresearch.C.Hediscoveredmorphinewithhisteam.D.Heretiredaftermakingthegreatdiscovery.答案B[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Hiseffortsdidnotstop...thefieldofbiotechnology”可知，Roberto沒有滿足于自己的成就，而是一直堅持科學研究。]8.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesRoberto?A.Enthusiasticandgenerous.B.Courageousandcalm.C.Ambitiousandpatient.D.Devotedandtalented.答案D[推理判斷題。從第一段中的“RobertoCreawasageniuskid”“Roberto’sstrongchemistrybackgroundmadeahistoricalinventionpossible”可知，Roberto是一個天賦異稟的人；再根據(jù)第三段中的“Hiseffortsdidnot...tothefieldofbiotechnology”可知，Roberto是一個非常專注的科學家。]【詞匯積累】1.majorin主修2.direct熟義：adj.直接的生義：vt.引導3.brilliantadj.聰穎的4.belabeledas被稱作Ⅱ.完形填空(2022·鄭州市第三次質量預測)WhenIwassmall,mygrandfatherusedtowheelmethroughalocalgardennearby.Lookingupatthetreeshelpedmefallasleep.I’vespentallmyadultlifeworkingwithtrees,andthepast14yearsworkinginthegarden.Recently,ourmoney－raisingteamwaslookingfordifferent__1__toraisemoneytohelp__2__theredwood(紅杉)avenueatoursite.SomeofthestaffsuggestedIdoasponsoredtree－h(huán)uggingcharity(慈善)event.Iwasn’t__3__whetherpeoplewouldbeinterestedinanoldmanhuggingtreesto__4__money.Butmycolleaguesthoughtitwas__5__.So,Iagreedtohug350trees,ofasmanydifferent__6__asIcouldfind,inayear.Mytree－h(huán)uggingtechniqueisbasedonmakingamaximum__7__，whichmeansputtingmyarmsasfararoundasthey’llgoandleaning(倚靠)onthetree.I’dheadoutwithaphotographer.Itwas__8__atree－h(huán)uggingfashionshootwithusgoingonahike__9__thenexttreethatspoketous.Iwasstruckbyhowdifferentthe__10__waswitheachtree.Themosttouchableonesstoodout,particularlythesmallredwoods.ThatwasinJune,whenwe’dhadweeksofdryweather.YouweregettinganalmostCaliforniansmellfromthem,which__11__me.Mydreamtree__12__isgoingtoCaliforniatoseethelargeredwoods.Iwouldn’tbeabletohugthose,soIwouldjust__13__andwonderatthem.Ifyou’ve__14__huggedatree,Istronglyrecommendit.Gettingupclosetoonemakesyouappreciateits__15__structure.Ifyouwereto__16__humanstocreatesuchawonderfulstructure,theywouldneverbeabletodoit.Treehuggingisawonderfulwayof__17__withnatureonadeeplevel.That’ssomethingIthinkweallneedmoreof,consideringthe