M3Unit2Language(測)-2022年高考英語一輪復習講練測(新高考?江蘇)一、閱讀理解閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。A(2020-2021學年人教新版綜合能力測試)AlmostfromthetimethatthefirstEnglishmansetfootuponAmericansoil,ourlanguagebegantoevolve(進化).Itisacontinuousprocessthroughoutthecenturiesandhasproducedalanguagethatdiffersfromourancestorsandshowsasignofourownfeature(特點)andindependence.By1790,therewerefourmillionAmericans,90%ofwhomweredescendants(后代)ofEnglishcolonists(殖民地定居者).This,ofcourse,leftnoquestionthatourofficialnativelanguagewouldbe“English,”butitwouldnotbethesameasthatspokeninGreatBritain.By1720,theEnglishcolonistsbegantonoticethattheirlanguagewasquitedifferentfromthatspokenintheirMotherland.Howdidthatcometobe?Therearemanyreasons,themostobviousbeingthedistancefromEngland.Overtheyears,manywordswereborrowedfromtheNativeAmericans,aswellasotherpeoplefromFrance,Germany,Spain,andothercountries.OtherwordsthatbecameunusedinEnglandcontinuedtobeusedinthecolonies.Inothercases,wordssimplyhadtobecreatedinordertoexplaintheunfamiliarlandscape,weather,animals,plants,andlivingconditionsthattheseearlypioneerswentthrough.ToournewlyindependentAmericans,theywereproudoftheir“new”Americanlanguage,wearingit,asyet,anothersymbolofindependence.In1789,NoahWebsterwroteinhisDissertationsontheEnglishLanguage:“ThereasonsforAmericanEnglishbeingdifferentthanBritishEnglisharesimple:Asanindependentnation,ourhonorrequiredustohaveasystemofourown,inlanguageaswellasgovernment.”TheevolutionoftheAmericanlanguagecontinuedintothe20thcentury,aswellastheAmericanpride.1.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.HowtolearnAmericanEnglish.B.ThefrequentchangesofEnglish.C.ThedevelopmentofAmericanEnglish.D.ThedifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish.2.Wheredoyouthinkthewritercomesfrom?A.France. B.Germany. C.Spain. D.America.3.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.EarlyAmericansfeltproudoftheirnewlanguage.B.ThenewlanguagehelpedAmericansfightagainstenemies.C.EarlyAmericansjustfeltcuriousabouttheirnewlanguage.D.Thenewlanguagehassettleditsidentityandstoppeddeveloping.B(2020·江蘇高三月考)ChinesepronunciationpuzzledexpertsinChinaforalong,longtime.Howdoyourecoverthesoundsimmortalizedinclassicaltexts?Howdoyoumaketheoldpoemsrhymeagain?Ascholar,ChenLi,reconstructedthelanguageinthe1840s.He'sfacingacenturies-oldproblem.Heexaminedthebookcloselyinfrontofhim.Itlookedold,untidyeven.Butithadquiteabackstory.1261yearsearlier,LuFayanoutlinedwhatwouldbecometheQieyun.Hebrokedownthesoundofeachcharacterwithtwomorecharacters!Anuppercharactertomatchtheinitialconsonant.Andalowercharactertorhymewiththefinalsounds,includingthetone.Withfanqie,youcancapturethesoundofasyllable!Simple.Andclever.Butitdidn'tgiveanoverviewofChinesephonology.Rhymersneededtotakeanotherstep:organizethisinformationintotablesThe12hcenturyRhymeMirrorisfullofrimetables.Thestartinglabelgivesthetablenumberandthekindofrhymethesesyllableshave.Alongthetoprowaresixarticulationcategoriesforconsonants.Anddowntheside,thefourtones.Thoughtheinterpretationisdebated,confidentscholarsspentcenturiessoundingoutancientChinesesyllablesandteachingthatChinesehadexactly36initialconsonants.ButChenLi’snotconvinced.He’scombingthrougholdfanqieandhisresearchrevealedflaws.Thereweren’t36initialsTherewere41.Fiveofthemneededtobesplitintwo.Butthere’smore:thesoundsintherimetablesarenotthesoundsintheQieyun.Laterresearchwillgoontoshowthateventheearlierstageitselfiscomplicated.It’sacompromisebetweenancientliterarydialects.Allthishardworkmerelyleftuswithcategories.Intheearly1900s,aSwede,Karlgren,traveledtoChinaandaddedanimportantpiece.Hefilledouttherimecategorieswithrealsounds.LinguistswentontorefinethesereconstructionsofAncientChinese.Theyevenrevealedsmallbutimportantdistinctions,likechongniu.Actually,it'snotasinglelanguagecalledAncientChinese.It'saperiodinlinguistichistorycalledMiddleChinese.Becausethere'sanevenolderlanguagetouncover,athousandyearsoldersill.Maybeonedaywe’llrhymeourwayintoOldChinese.4.Howdoestheauthorbeginthearticle?A.Byraisingquestions. B.Bygivinganassumption.C.Byillustratingatypicalcase. D.Bydescribingauniquescene.5.What’stheshortcomingofQieyun?A.Itwasunpracticaltobreakeachcharacter.B.Itgavethedetailedinformationaboutsounds.C.Itbecamecomplexwithmanydifferentcharacters.D.ItfailedtogiveanoverviewofChinesephonology.6.WhatcontributionsdidChenLimaketotheChinesephonology?A.HecombedthrougholdQieyun. B.HefoundthefaultsofoldQieyun.C.Heleftuswithcategoriesandrealsounds. D.Hemadeacompromisetoancientdialects.7.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?A.ThereconstructionofQieyun. B.ThediscoveryofRhymeMirror.C.TheresearchesonChinesephonology. D.ThedevelopmentofChineselanguage.C(2021·陜西高三)TheInternationalMotherLanguageDayisonFebruary21standitwascreatedbytheUnitedNationstohelppreserveindigenous(土著的)languagesaroundtheworld.Duetoglobalization,indigenouslanguagesareincreasinglyunderthreatofextinction.Everytwoweeksalanguagedisappears,takingwithitanentireculture’sheritageandthusdiminishingtheworld’sculturaldiversity.Atleast43percentoftheestimated6000languagesspokenintheworldareendangered,onlyafewhundredareformallytaughtandusedandfewerthan100areusedinthedigitalworld,accordingtoUNESCO.Likelanguagesaroundtheworld,indigenousAustralianlanguagesareunderincreasingthreatofextinction.TheAustralianInstituteofAboriginalandTorresStraitIslanderStudiesunderstandsthatinAustralia,thereweremorethan250indigenousAustralianlanguages,including800dialects,orlocalvariations,atthetimeofEuropeansettlementin1788.Todayonlyabout13indigenousAustralianlanguageshaveenoughyoungpeoplespeakingthemforthemtosurvive.Indigenouslanguageseverywherearemuchmorethanjustawayofcommunicating.YuinwomanAnneMartin,educatorandformernationalNAIDOCCommitteeCo-Chair,describedindigenouslanguagesas“thebreathoflife”.“Indigenouslanguagesarenotjustameansofcommunication,theyexpressknowledgeabouteverything:Law,geography,history,familyandhumanrelationships,philosophy,religion,anatomy,childcare,health,caringforcountry,astronomy,biologyandfood.Eachlanguageisassociatedwithanareaoflandandhasadeepspiritualsignificance,anditisthroughtheirownlanguagesthatindigenousnationsmaintaintheirconnectionwiththeirancestors,landandlaw,”shesaidinaninterviewpublishedbyLaTrobeUniversity.InternationalMotherLanguageDayhasbeenobservedeveryyearsinceFebruary2000.In2019,thethemeis:“Indigenouslanguagesmatterfordevelopment,peacebuildingandreconciliation(和解)”.OneofUNESCO’sgoalsforthatyear’sInternationalMotherLanguageDayistocollectproverbsinasmanyoftheworld’sindigenouslanguagesaspossible.TheproverbswerecompiledandthemostappropriateonespublishedbytheUNonitswebsiteandotherpublications.AndthethemeforInternationalMotherLanguageDay2020is“Languageswithoutborders”.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“diminishing”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Decrease. B.Add. C.Create. D.Replace.9.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Theincreasingnumberofindigenouslanguages.B.Thedevelopmentofindigenouslanguages.C.Theendangeredsituationofindigenouslanguages.D.Thepopularityofindigenouslanguages.10.WhatdoesAnneMartinthinkofindigenouslanguages?A.Theyarejustusedforcommunicationwitheachother.B.Theyarelooselyconnectedwiththeirancestors,landandlaw.C.Theyareveryimportantforindigenousnationsallovertheworld.D.Theyareaboutnotonlycommunicationbutknowledgeaboutallfields.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheThemeofInternationalMotherLanguageDay.B.AnIntroductionofInternationalMotherLanguageDay.C.TheProtectionofIndigenousLanguagesintheWorld.D.TheDecreaseofIndigenousLanguagesintheWorld.D(2021·全國高三)InventedbyFrenchteenagerLouisBraillein1824,Braillehasenabledblindkidsworldwidetolearntoreadandwrite.However,thesystemofraiseddots,representinglettersandnumbers,canbehardforyoungerstudentstolearn.Asaresult,parentsandeducatorsareincreasinglyavoidingthissystem,whichistaughtusingspecialtextbooks,infavorofonlinelearningprograms.Now,Denmark’sLEGOFoundationhopestochangethetrendwiththehelpofbraillebricks(盲文積木).Thebraillebricksaresimilartooriginalbuildingblocks.However,thebrickswithnumbersandlettersprintedonthebottomallowedblindandsightedplayerstobuildtogether.Thoughthebrickscanbestackedtogethertoformacrosswordgameorattachedtooneanothertoformwords,theyareunliketheregularones.Therefore,thecompanyrecommendsplacingthebricksside-by-side.Eachsetofabout250piecesincludeslettersA-Z,thenumbers0-9,aswellasbasicsymbolslikethe“plus”and“minus”signs.Specialpiecesarealsoincludedsokidscanplaywordandmathgames.Blindkidshavedreamsabouttheirfuturejustassightedchildren.Theyhavethesamedesiretoexploretheworldandsocializethroughplay.IntheFoundation,childrencanlearnbestthroughplayand,inturn,developtheirskills,suchascreativityandcommunication.Withthisproject,thefoundationisbringingaplayfulandinclusiveapproachtolearningbrailletochildren.KidsarenottheonlyonesbenefitingfromLEGO’sinventionthisyear.Itcanbenefitadultsaswell.Forthosenotintogaming,thereis“LegoArt”.Theartenablesadultstocreatepopart“posters”byarrangingthesebricksonacanvas(畫布).TheofferingincludesAndyWarhol’sMarilynMonroe，MarvelStudio’sIronMan,andTheBeatles.Eachsetcomeswiththeappropriatemusic,interviews,andbackgroundinformation,providingfanswithanunforgettableexperienceastheycreatetheirmasterpieces.12.Whydoeducatorsavoidteachinginbraille?A.Braillebecomesoutofdateinreality. B.Brailleisdifficultforblindkidstomaster.C.Theyarenotgoodatitatall. D.Thespecialtextbooksareexpensive.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stacked”inParagraph2mean?A.Piled. B.Crashed. C.Pushed. D.Crossed.14.WhatareblindkidsexpectedtodointheLEGOFoundation?A.Pursuetheirhobbies. B.Formtheirhabits. C.Developtheirskills. D.Playforfun.15.Howcanadultsbenefitfromthebraillebricks?A.Theycanplaygamestogetherwiththeirkids.B.Theycangetmoreinformationfromthosebricks.C.Theycancreatesomeartworksbasedontheoffering.D.Theycanimpressthemselveswithawonderfulscene.二、七選五根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。(2021·浙江高一開學考試)Chineseisoneofthetwoworldlanguageswithoverabillionspeakers.WhiletheInternethasreferredtoEnglishasthemostusedlanguage,Chinesestillholdsthetoppositionasthemostusedmothertongue.1Justthinkofhowmanymorepeopleyou’dbeabletotalktoafterlearningsomeChinese!TherearefivetraditionalformsofChinesecalligraphy.TheseareconsideredclassicalartsandrepresentativesofChineseartstyles.2ItfirstappearedduringtheZhouDynastyandisstillpopularamongcalligraphyartiststoday,3Thismakesitquitedifficultfornon-nativespeakerstotellwordsfromsoundcombinations(組合).Whenyouaddinthetones,itaddsuptomakeChineseoneofthemostdifficultlanguagestolistentoandunderstand.VariousfactorscontributedtomakingChineseoneofthehardestlanguagestolearnforforeigners.4Usually,youmustlearn3,000charactersinordertobeconsideredfluentenoughtoreadthemorningnewspaper.However,thelanguageconsistsoftensofthousandsofcharactersthatmakefluencyadifficulttask.Whenyou’rewalkingaroundChina,youmightbesurprisedattheamountofwordsyou’reabletopickupquickly.ThankstoanincreaseinexposuretoWesternculture,Chinesehasmanyloanwords,orwordsborrowedfromEnglish,inusetoday.TheoriginofChinesecomesfromthediscoveryofthefamousOracleBonesandwhatisbelievedtobetheearliestsymbolsofChinese.TheseboneswerefirstusedintheShangDynasty.Withsucharichhistory,Chinesehasobviouslyexperiencedmanychangesandinfluencesduetowarsandculturalshifts(變遷).5A.AncientChinesecharacterswereused3,000yearsago.B.However,thelanguagestillexistedandcontinuedtogrow.C.In2010,thenumberofChinesenativespeakerstotaled955millionpeople.D.PeoplewhowishtostudyChinesemustputinyearsofworktoreachfluency.E.Thankstoitsuniquesoundsystem,Chineseisfilledwithsimilarsoundingwords.F.Theworld’smostnatively-spokenlanguage,Chinese,stillremainsapuzzletotheWest.G.ThemostpopularcalligraphystyleistheSealCharacterstyledevelopedbytheHanpeople.三、完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。(改編自2021·廣東深圳中學高三)Fifteenyearsago,appswerenewandfewtrulyunderstoodtheirpotentials.Retailers(零售商)barelyknewthatconsumerscouldbrowseinstoreswhilecomparing1fromotherprovidersthroughappsbefore2makingthepurchaseonline.Tenyearsagobrick-mortar-and(實體店)retailerswerethreatenedasAmazonreleasedan“evil”promotionthatencouragedconsumerstousePriceCheckappwhilevisiting3stores.Anypurchasecompletedthroughtheappwasgivenrewarding4,whichsignificantlystimulatedsalesand5manyshopownerstobankruptcy(破產(chǎn)).“Mediahavereportedtheseappsasathreattophysicalstores,”saysaretailer.“However,less6isthefactthatitisalsoanopportunityforus.”Retailersneedtoacceptanysensiblebuyertendsto7prices.You’dbetterofferin-storeInternetaccessto8theseconsumers.Withcaringservicescombinedwithacceptableprices,thestoremightpersuadeconsumerstomakethedeal9.Astudyindicatesit’s10tolimittheitempricetoatmost5dollarshigherthanwhatonlinestorescharge.Afterall,forsomeconsumers,gettingtheabsolutelowestpriceisnottheir11.Manyofthem,instead,arewillingtopay12inexchangeforfavorableshoppingexperiences,suchasthepleasantstoreatmospherewithareasonableprice13.Besides,adoptingastrategyof14channelsisalsoessential.Withmanysalechannelsundercontrol,retailerssurelyhaveaccesstothelowestprice.Therefore,whenacustomerpullsoutamobiledeviceinstore,retailerscanbesparedthe15thatwasunavoidableforthemtenyearsago.1.A.prices B.locations C.experiences D.similarities2.A.genuinely B.generously C.particularly D.finally3.A.domestic B.physical C.imaginary D.representative4.A.alternatives B.deposits C.refunds D.discounts5.A.cornered B.introduced C.contributed D.sentenced6.A.criticized B.mentioned C.predicted D.recommended7.A.pursue B.distinguish C.question D.compare8.A.assist B.ban C.monitor D.expose9.A.outofplace B.onthespot C.withinreach D.atrandom10.A.wise B.convenient C.risky D.challenging11.A.reputation B.greed C.priority D.devotion12.A.tax B.cash C.much D.extra13.A.disorder B.gap C.loss D.reduction14.A.accessible B.multiple C.loyal D.concrete15.A.suspicion B.effort C.panic D.guilt四、語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。(改編自2020·湖南株洲二中高一月考)Usually,whenwetalkaboutreading,wethinkofusingoureyestoseeletterswrittenininkonpaper.1,thisisnotalwaystrue.Forexample,blindpeoplecannotsee,buttheycanstillreadbooks.Theman2(introduce)blindpeopletoreadingwasLouisBraille.Braille3(lose)hiseyesightattheageofthreeasaresult4aninjury.Whenhewasten,hewenttoaschoolfortheblindinParis.In1821,asoldiervisitedtheschoolandshowedthestudentsasystemforpassingmessagesatnightduringtimesofbattle.Hissystemusedpaperwithsmall,5(raise)dotswhichcouldbefeltwiththefingers.Eachletterofthealphabet6(representation)byadifferentpatternwhichconsistedoftwelvedots.Whilethestudentsfoundthesoldier’sidea7(interest),thesystemwastoodifficulttobeof8(practice)use.However,youngLouisBrailletooktheideaandworkedonit.Attheageoffifteen,hecreatedasystem—‘Braille’.Theblindcan9(easy)recognizeBraillewiththefingers.Today,10isthemostcommonsystemforthemtoreadandwrite.五、寫作寫作(一)(2021·全國高二課時練習)假如你是李華，你的英國朋友Jim對漢字感興趣。請你給他寫封信介紹一下漢字。內(nèi)容包括：1.漢字的特點；2.漢字的起源；3.漢字的演變。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2.可適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫；3.信的開頭結(jié)尾已給出。DearJim,I’mgladthatyouareinterestedinChinesecharacters.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua寫作(二)(2020·河北高三期中)閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。WillieWilsonwouldalwayslivelitetothefullest.HewasMr.Popularatschool,thestarofhismiddleschoolbasketballteam,withdreamsofgoingnationalteam.At13,hislifechanged.Hecouldn’tseethewordsontheblackboardclearlyinclass.Hecouldn’treadbookswithoutdifficulty.Soonhehardlyrecognizedhisschoolmatesinthehalls.Hisparentstookhimtotheeyedoctor.Williecouldstillslam-dunklikenooneelse,sotheythoughttherewasnothingserioustoworryabout.Maybehejustneededglasses.Butitkeptgettingworse.By15,hewasalmostcompletelyblind.Williedidn’thandlethesituationverywell.Hecamehomedrunkandpickedfightsatschoolwithanyonewhodaredtomakefunofhis