考點(diǎn)30閱讀理解之議論文

議論文往往有觀點(diǎn)，有事實(shí)，邏輯性強(qiáng)，命題往往從事實(shí)的有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)及文章的主旨或作者的表達(dá)意圖

等方面著手，考查我們的思維能力和判斷能力。所以考生要培養(yǎng)根據(jù)上下文猜詞的能力，或者說根據(jù)情境

能揣測(cè)作者的意圖。議論文的閱讀同其他體裁文章的閱讀理解一樣，可以有主旨大意、細(xì)節(jié)理解、推理判

斷、詞義猜測(cè)等幾種出題方式。

二、解題方法：

一、重視文章標(biāo)題，找準(zhǔn)全文主題句，把握文章主旨

標(biāo)題往往是全文的主題，審視標(biāo)題，有利于理解全文，提高解題效率。主題句對(duì)全文起提示、啟迪、

概括、歸納之作用。根據(jù)主題句既可以知道文章議論的是什么，也可以知道作者希望讀者了解主題方面的

哪些內(nèi)容。議論文題材偏難，但其框架一般都很清晰，多采用總一分一總的結(jié)構(gòu)，交替使用E面和反面的

論證方式。通常，先總說現(xiàn)象或觀點(diǎn)；其次，正面陳述、反面論證；最后作者表明自己的態(tài)度，再次總結(jié)

文章。通常主題句會(huì)出現(xiàn)在文章的首句或句末，在這些地方要多留意表示歸納的詞匯，也可以在具體事例

之后或之前的表示觀點(diǎn)的陳述句中尋找。

二、細(xì)讀文章，注意文章細(xì)節(jié)理解

除主旨題外，細(xì)節(jié)理解題也是閱讀理解題中的基礎(chǔ)題，它主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)文中的具體事例、數(shù)字、時(shí)

間、地點(diǎn)等的理解。經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)排序題（按事情發(fā)展順序排序），圖表題（按文章內(nèi)容找出正確圖形），正誤題（依

據(jù)文章內(nèi)容對(duì)所列的陳述進(jìn)行正誤判斷）。對(duì)這種題型，無論細(xì)節(jié)題如何變化形式，立足點(diǎn)都應(yīng)是從文章中

找出相應(yīng)詞句作為依據(jù)。雖然答案中有的細(xì)節(jié)在文中很清楚，但可能與問題無關(guān)。細(xì)節(jié)題的破解一般用尋

讀法，即先看試題，再讀文章。對(duì)有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位，再將相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行整合、分析、對(duì)比，有根據(jù)

地排除干擾項(xiàng)，選出正確答案。假如問題采用的是反向思維，題中含有not或except等表示否定意義的詞，

則需要更加留意。此法可以加強(qiáng)閱讀的針對(duì)性，提高做題的準(zhǔn)確率。做此類題目還要特別注意句子的邏輯

關(guān)系。

三、理解整體語篇，掌握作者意圖

做推理判斷題要求考生在閱讀理解整體語篇的同時(shí)，對(duì)作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的

推理判斷，站在作者的視角，而不是主觀臆斷、憑空想象，從而走入誤區(qū)。英語文章講究使用主題段與主

題句，段與段之間通常有過渡性詞語連接，承上啟下，使文章行文連貫。有時(shí)文章還會(huì)在時(shí)間順序、空間

順序或邏拶推理上運(yùn)用較高級(jí)的手段進(jìn)行組編。要想準(zhǔn)確、深刻地理解文章，必須對(duì)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)有所了解,

把握全篇的文脈，即句內(nèi)、句間和段落間的修辭手段或邏輯關(guān)系。作者往往在構(gòu)思語篇前會(huì)進(jìn)行預(yù)先設(shè)定:

讀者知道什么，不知道什么，讀者可能與自己共同擁有什么樣的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)、思想見地和需求欲望等，然后

設(shè)計(jì)一些隱藏在語篇深層的“潛臺(tái)詞”。因此，這類試題要求考生利用主題句進(jìn)行推測(cè)，揣摩文字背后作

者的意圖，運(yùn)用背景知識(shí)去挖掘文章的深層含義，從而正確理解作者的言外之意，同時(shí)認(rèn)真體會(huì)文章的語

氣與?感情基調(diào)。

四、多讀多背，擴(kuò)大詞匯量，掌握猜詞技巧

由于當(dāng)今的閱讀文章題材廣泛，體裁多樣，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)一詞多義，甚至出現(xiàn)沒學(xué)過的詞匯。許多學(xué)生感

到困擾很大，有的甚至煩躁得難以堅(jiān)持閱讀下去。要解決閱讀中的生詞問題，一是要擴(kuò)大英語詞匯量，二

是要學(xué)習(xí)并掌握一些猜測(cè)生詞詞義的方法，如：利用同義、反義、上義、下義、詞的集合、詞的搭配等關(guān)

系；利用照應(yīng)、替代、省略、定義、舉例等情境關(guān)系；利用詞綴、轉(zhuǎn)化、合成等構(gòu)詞法；利用后置定語或

同位語等語法結(jié)構(gòu)；利用前后對(duì)比或因果推理法等。

總之，想要提高閱讀能力，尤其是對(duì)考生來說難度較大的議論文閱讀，學(xué)生應(yīng)能從篇章和試題雙方面

入手,通過觀察、體驗(yàn)、探究等積極主動(dòng)的學(xué)習(xí)方法，優(yōu)化閱讀理解中議論文的解題思路和方法策略，提

高學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí)的能力。

跟蹤訓(xùn)練J

A

OnaweekendduringSpringFestivalmyparentsandIweresittinginarestaurant.Thedrinksandfoodwere

good,sowhenwefinished,myfatherleftalip（小費(fèi)）.Aswewereabouttoopenthedoor,thewaitercaughtup

withus.Hegavethetipbacktous.MydadforgotthathereisChina.

However,insomecountries,tippingisthenorm.That,sthewayitisintheUS.It'ssaidtobegoodmannersto

tipyourwaiter,taxidriver,hairdresser,whichcanreallyputyourmathskillsto（hetest!Butweusuallygiveatip

（hatis1520%ofthebill.

Sowhyisthereastrongcustomoftipping?IntheUS,waitershaveaverylowine（收入）.Theydependon

tipstopaytheirbills.AsaUSwriteroncewroteaboutherexperienceasawaitress,vvItwasdifficultandIlivedand

diedbymytips.”

1.Whereweretheparentswhenthewaiterstoppedthem?

A.Atthetable.B.Atthedoor.C.Outsidetherestaurant.D.Besidethewindow.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“norm"meaninParagraph2?

A.Idea.B.Custom.C.Bill.D.Way.

3.Whatcanbethetipfora$100billaccordingtothewriter?

A.$8.B.$10.C.$18.D.$25.

【答案】1.B

2.B

3.C

【解析】

這是一篇議論文，文章講述美國(guó)付小費(fèi)的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象及這種現(xiàn)象四現(xiàn)的原因。

1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Aswewereabouttoopenthedoor,thewaitercaughtupwithus當(dāng)我們正要開門時(shí)，

服務(wù)員過來找我們“可知，父母在門口。故選B,

2.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段“MydadforgotthathereisChina”及第二段“However,insomecountries”可知，在

中國(guó)給小費(fèi)并不常見，然而，在很多國(guó)家給小費(fèi)是一種常態(tài)「norm”表達(dá)“行為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，常態(tài)”，相當(dāng)于"custom”。

故選

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Butweusuallygiveatipihalis1520%ofthebill”可知通常給小費(fèi)是賬單的15%

到20%?？芍?00美元的賬單小費(fèi)應(yīng)該是15到20美元。C選項(xiàng)“18美元”符合。故選C。

B

Whenstudentsandparentsareaskedtogradesubjectsaccordingtotheirimportance,theartsareusuallyatthe

bottomofthelist.Musicisnice,peopleseemtosay,butcertainlynotaneducationpriority（優(yōu)先）.Toooftenitis

onlyviewedasentertainment.Thisviewisshortsighted.Infact,musiceducationisbeneficialandimportantforall

students.

Musictellsuswhoweare.Becausemusicisanexpressionofthebeingswhocreateit,itshowstheirthinking

andvalues,aswellasthesocialenvironmentitcamefrom.Rockmusicrepresentsalifestylejustassurelyasdoesa

Schubertsong.ThejazzinfluencethalGeorgeGershwinandothermusiciansintroducedintotheirmusicis

obviouslyAmericanbecauseitcamefromAmericanmusicaltraditions.Musicexpressesourcharacterandvalues.

Itgivesusidentity（身份，特性）.

Musicprovidesakindofperception（感知）thatcannotbeacquiredanyotherway.Sciencecanexplainhow

（hesunrisesandsets.Theartscanexpresstheemotive（情感的）meaningof（hesamething.Weneedevery

possiblewaytodiscoverandrespondtoourworldforonesimplebutpowerfulreason：Noonewaycangetitall.

Theartsareformsofthoughtaspowerfulinwhattheynmnicateasmathematicalandscientificsymbols.They

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Toooftenitisonlyviewedasentertainment”它只被視為娛樂?？芍魳繁粚W(xué)生

視為一種娛樂。故選A。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Musicexpressesourcharacterandvalues.Itgivesusidentity”可知，音樂賦予了我

們作為一個(gè)社會(huì)的身份。故選B。

6.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Musicprovidesakindofperceptionthatcannotbeacquiredanyotherway.Science

canexplainhowthesunrisesandsets”可知，音樂提供了一種無法以其他方式獲得的感知，科學(xué)可以解釋太陽

如何升起和落下?？芍囆g(shù)和科學(xué)以不同的方式解釋世界。故選A。

7.主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“S。musiceducationisfarmorenecessarythanpeopleseemtorealize”可知文章

講述音樂教育是比人意識(shí)到的更為必要?？筛爬锳選項(xiàng)“音樂教育值得更多的關(guān)注”。故選A。

C

DoyouknowwhichsocialappispopularwithChineseyoungpeoplenow?”Shortvideos^^arecertainlythe

mostpopular.AlargenumberofyoungpeopleuseTikTokandKuaishou.Theythinkitisfuntosharetheirlivesby

shortvideos,whileothershaveotherpurposesaswellA12yearoldusernamedElsahasabout2.7millionfanson

TikTok.ThegirlhassharedherdancingstudiesonTikToksincelastJuly.Oneofthevideoswonheraboutone

millionfans.feelreallygladtosharehappinesswithpeoplebyshortvideos/'saidElsa.

Tosonicotheryoungpeople,theyuseshortvideostohaveaquicklookatthehotprograms."'BecauseIdon't

liketospendmanyhourswatchingawholeprogram,Ihatewaitingforaprogramtoend,andIprefertowatch

shortvideosofwonderfulpartsofhot.programs,saidWangZhihao.

However,someyoungpeoplefeelboredwithshortvideos."Killingtimeisthemainreasonfbrmetowatch

shortvideos,andmanyshortvideosarealmostthesame,soIthinktheyarenotsousefulorinteresting.What's

more,Ireallydon'tlikethevideosaboutstrangeanddangerousthings,“saidWenNan,anothercollegestudent.

Recently,somethingelsehasappeared.Somevideosaretellingpeoplewhatmoditiesarewortbuying.Some

shortvideosevensellbadmodities,andit'shardfbrcustomerstogettheirmoneyback.Sowcshouldthinktwice

beforewewanttobuythemoditiesbyshortvideos.

8.WhydocsElsasharehershortvideos?

A.lbsharehappinesswithpeople.

B.Tomakefriendswithpeoplearound

C.lbdependonthemtogetinformation.

D.lbwatchwonderfulpartsinprograms.

9.HowdoesWenNanlikeshortvideos?

A.Usefulandinteresting.

B.Notexcitingormoving.

C.Notusefulorinteresting.

D.Excitingandmoving.

10.Theunderlinedword“moditics”inthelastparagraphmeans

A.productsB.projectsC.planetsD.programs

11.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Theadvantagesofshortvideos.

B.Differenttypesofshortvideos.

C.Thedisadvantagesofshortvideos.

D.Differentopinionsonshortvideos.

【答案】8.A

9.C

10.A

II.D

【分析】本文是一篇議論文。主要探討了人們現(xiàn)在對(duì)流行的短視頻軟件的不同觀點(diǎn)。

8.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Ifeelreallygladtosharehappinesswithpeoplebyshortvideos”可知,Elsa分享短視頻的

原因是能通過短視頻與人們分享快樂.故選A.

9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Ithinktheyarcnotsousefulorinteresting.What,smore,1reallydon'tlikethevideosabout

strangeanddangerousthings.”可知，WenNan認(rèn)為它們沒有那么有用或有趣，也不喜歡奇怪和危險(xiǎn)的事情的

視頻。故選C。

Ihe...測(cè)題。根據(jù)“weshouldthinktwicebeforewewanttobuyihe...”可知，在我們?cè)跊Q定買之前應(yīng)該三思而行，

可推測(cè)這里指的是“商品故選Ao

11.主旨大意題。全文探討了大家對(duì)短視頻軟件的不同觀點(diǎn)。故選D。

D

Apopularsayinggoes,“Sticksandstonesmaybreakmybones,butwordswillneverhurtme."However,

that'snotquitetnie.Wordshavethepowertobuildusuporknockusdown.Itdoesn'tmatterwhetherthewordse

fromsomeoneelseorourselves—theeffects（作用）willlastlong.

Wealltalktoourselvessometimes.Weareusuallytooshytoadmit（承認(rèn)）it,though.Infact,weshouldn'tbe

becausemoreandmoreexpertsbelievetalkingtoourselvesoutloudisahealthyhabit.

This4tselftalk''helpsusencourageourselves,rememberthings,solveproblems,andcalmourselvesdown.We

findthatasmuchas77%ofselftalkislikelytobenegative（消極的）.Soinordertostaypositive（積極的）,we

shouldonlyspeakwordsofencouragementtoourselves.Weshouldalsobequicktogiveourselvesapatonthe

hack.Thenexttimeyoufinishaproject,dowellinatestorfinallycleanyourroom,joinmeinsaying“Goodjob”.

Often,wordseoutofourmouthswithoutthinkingabouttheeffecttheywillhave.Butweshouldknowthat

ourwordscausecertainresponses（回應(yīng)）inothers.Forexample,whenreturninganitemtoastore,wemightuse

warm,friendlylanguageduringtheexchange.Andtheclerkwillprobablyrespondinasimilarway.

Wordshavepowerbecauseoftheirlastingeffect.Manyofusregretsomethingweoncesaid.Andwe

rerremberunkindwordssaidtous.Beforespeaking,weshouldalwaysaskourselves:Isitloving?Isitneeded?If

whatwcwanttosaydoesn'tpassthistest,thenit'sbetterleftunsaid.

Wordshavepower:bothpositiveandnegative.Thosearoundusreceiveencouragementwhenwespeak

positively.Wccanofferhope,buildselfesteem（自尊）andencourageotherstodotheirbest.Negativewords

destroyallthosethings.Willweuseourwords（ohurlortoheal?Thechoiceisours.

12.ThemainideaofParagraphIisthat.

A.nicewordsgiveusconfidence

B.nothingbutwordswillhurtus

C.wordshavealastingeffectonus

D.unkindwordsmayknockusdown

13.Thereisnoneedfbrustofeelshywhenwetalktoourselvesbecause.

A.talkingtoourselvesalwaysgivesuscourage

B.wecanbenefil（受益）fromtalkingtoourselves

C.itdoesnoharmtohave44selftalk^^whenwearealone

D.almosteverybodyhasthehabitoftalkingtothemselves

14.Theunderlinedpart“giveourselvesapatontheback“inParagraph3means"

A.praiseourselvesB.hurtourselves

C.relaxourselvesD.surpriseourselves

15.Theauthorwouldprobablyagreethat.

A.encouragewordssurelyleadtokindoffers

B.peoplewillalwaysremembertobefriendly

C.itisbetteriothinktwicebefore:alkingtoothers

D.negativewordsmayhelpusmakemoreprogress

【答案】12.C

13.B

14.A

15.C

【分析】本文是一篇議論文，論達(dá)了一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)：語言是有力的，但它可能有積極作用，也可能有消極作用，

我們應(yīng)該明智地使用語言。

12.段落主旨題。通讀整段，再根據(jù)"Itdoesn'tmatterwhetherthewordsefromsomeoneelseorourselves—the

effectswilllastlong.”可知該段主要在論述語言對(duì)我們的影響是持久的，故選Co

13.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Infact,weshouldn'tbebecausemoreandmoreexpertsbelievetalkingtoourselvesout

loudisahealthyhabit.”可知“自說自話”對(duì)我們是有好處的,故選B。

14.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)后文"Thenexttimeyoufinishaproject,dowellinatestorfinallycleanyourroom,joinme

insaying，Goodjob!，”的舉例是在說做得好時(shí)要多鼓勵(lì)自己，可推測(cè)此處表示要“自我表揚(yáng)”，故選A。

15.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Befbrespeaking,weshouldalwaysaskourselves:Isitloving?Isitneeded?Ifwhatwe

wanttosaydoesn'tpassthistest,thenifsbetterleftunsaid.”可知作者建議我們?cè)诤蛣e人說什么之前一定要深思

熟慮后再說出口，故選C。

E

…'tfastfooddelicious?Aren'tfastfoodrestaurantscool?...Theanswertothesequestionsisyes.

However,（herearegrowingfactsthatfastfoodisoneof（heworstpartsofmodernlife.Andstudieshave

shownthatburgersandfriedchicken,whichweenjoysomuch,cancausealotofhealthproblems.

Inspiteo「（盡管）this,whyarefastfoodrestaurantssoattractive（吸弓I人的）？Thefirstandmostimportant

reasonisthattheirserviceisfast.TheirslafT（員工）arefriendlyandverysmartlookingintheircleanandbright

uniforms（制服）.Moreover,mostfastfoodrestaurantsarenearplacesthatpeoplealwayspassby.Itissoeasy（o

grababurgerandeatonthewaytowork.

Fastfoodisoftensoconvenientlypacked（包裝方便）thatitwillnotcauseamessevenifyoustandandcatit.

Fastfoodrestaurantsarcalsoveryclean.Alotofcleverads（J告）havemadethemthecoolestplacesintown,but

noneofthemhasevertoldandwillnevertellyouthattoomuchfastfoodisnotgoodforyourhealth.

Suchattractiveplacesaresellingjunkfood!Isn'titapity?Isthereawaytochangethefastfoodrestaurants

intospecialplaceswhereyougetthebestpossible,healthyandfreshfood?

Well,whynot?

Aspeoplerealizethehealthproblemsthatfastfoodcauses,itisquitelikelythatfastfoodrestaurantsmaygo

outofdate.Itmayhappensoonerorlater.

Therefore,insteadofresisting（抵制）fastfoodrestaurants,abetterideamaybetopersuade（說服）themto

changetheirmenu!Fastfoodrestaurantscanbeplacestogotowhenyouwanttoeatsomethingthatwillbegood

foryourbody.Iftheycouldbine（結(jié)合）healthyfoodwiththeirspeedofservice,delicioustastesandfortable

feelings,thatwillbe（henextbestthingontheearthforthehumanbeings!

16.Whatdoes“this”inParagraph2referto?

A.Fastfoodisdelicious.B.Peopleenjoyfastfood.

C.Fastfoodrestaurantsarecool.D.Fastfoodcancausehealthproblems.

17.FastfoodhasmanyadvantagesEXCEPTthatit's.

A.fastB.fortableC.deliciousD.healthy

18.Whichwordcanreplacetheword"grab"inParagraph3?

A.getquicklyB.movesuddenlyC.throwquicklyD.carrycarefully

19.Accordingtothepassage,adsaboutfastfood.

A.showyouallthefactsB.don?ttellyouthewholetruth

C.makeithardtobuyfastfoodD.makefastfoodrestaurantsoutofdate

20.Thewriteradvises.

A.changingtastesoffastfoodB.resistingfastfoodrestaurants

C.makingfastfoodgoodforhealthD.makingtheserviceoffastfoodfaster

【答案】16.D

17.D

18.A

19.B

20.C

【分析】本文介紹了快餐的好處與弊端。作者建議不要抵制快餐，最好的辦法是改變它的菜單，讓它成為

對(duì)健康有益的食物。

16.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Andstudieshaveshownthatburgersandfriedchicken,whichweenjoysomuch,cancause

alolofhealthproblems.”可知，此處代指快餐會(huì)導(dǎo)致很多健康問題，故選D。

17.推理判斷題。根據(jù)"Andstudieshaveshownthatburgersandfriedchicken,whichweenjoysomuch,cancause

alotofhealthproblems.”可知，認(rèn)為快餐會(huì)導(dǎo)致很多健康問題，因此快餐的優(yōu)點(diǎn)不包括“它是健康的“。敗選D。

18.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“eatonthewaytowork”可知，在上班的路I:吃，應(yīng)是快速地拿起它，故選A。

19.推理判斷題。根據(jù)"Alotofcleverads（廣告）havemadethemthecoolestplacesintown,butnoneofthemhas

evertoldandwillnevertellyouthattoomuchfastfoodisnotgoodfbryourhealth.”可知，關(guān)廠快餐的廣告不會(huì)告

訴你太多的快餐對(duì)你的健康有害，因此它們不會(huì)說出所有的真相，故選B.

20.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Thcrcfbrc,insteadofresisting（抵制）fastfoodrestaurants,abetterideamaybetopersuade

（說服）themtochangetheirmenu!Fastfoodrestaurantscanbeplacestogotowhenyouwanttocatsomethingthat

wil!begoodforyourbody.”可知，作者建議讓快餐對(duì)健康有益，故選C。

F

Haveyoueverpaidforeducationalpodcasts（播客）orlivevideos?Asksomepeopleandmostofthemwill

sayyes.'Tayforknowlcdgc''hasbeenafashionablethingtheseyears.Everythingyouthinkofcanbefoundonline,

skillsoftalking,designing,puterprogramming—younameit!

Whyis"payforknowlcdgc''industry（產(chǎn)業(yè)）developingsorapidly?First,itsdevelopmentisbasedonthe

Internet.Withafastnetworkandasmartphone,anyonewhohaspassedtheidentity（身份）checkcanbeanonline

teacher,andanyonewithanonlineaccountcanbuytkpayfbrknowledge,'productsthatheorshewantsatagood

price.Second,peopleareafraidtomissanyinformation.Theyhopeformoreusefulinformationwhichisusuallyat

thehandsofexperts.Moreover,theneedtolearnnewskillsintoday'sjobmarketalsopushespeopletolearnon

sucheducationalpodcasts.

Theindustryof“payR）rknowledge''hasprovedtobeagreatwayofmakingmoney.Itpromisespossibilitiesof

turninginformationintomoney.Ilisgoodforthedevelopmentofourcountryanditcanhelpsellersmakelotsof

money.Besides,buyerscanenjoyselfgrowthfromit.What'smore,thisisareflection（反映）ofpeople'srespectfbr

knowledgeandtalents.

However,“payfbrknowlcdge”alsocausesafewproblems.Foronething,themarketisfullofeyecatching

wordssuchas“HowtobeanIndustry'sExpcrt?^^whichsoundslikeifyoupayfbrit,youarcsuretosucceed.For

another,alargenumberofcustomersbuythemjustforshowingoff.Thatmeans,withorwithouttheseproducts,

theycanmakeitanyway,becausetheyarethosewhohavetheabilitytolearnbythemselves.

Ingeneral,thebestistheonethatsuitsyoumost."Payforknowledge“maybeusedasagoodstartfbr

selfgrowth.Butbecarefulwhenyoumakeachoice,oryourdreamofsuccessmaynotetrue.

21.“Payfbrknowledge”industryisdevelopingrapidlybecauseofthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT.

A.peopletodaydon'twanttomissinformation

B.thetraditionaleducationsystemdoesn'twork

C.today'sjobmarketneedpeopletobemoreskilled

D.thereisafastnetworkandsmanphonesnowadays

22.Whatcanwelearnabout"payfbrknowledge''industryfromParagraph3?

A.ThehistoryofitsdevelopmentB.Theproblemsofitsproducts

C.TheadvantagesofitsproductsD.Thefutureofthisindustiy

23.Thestructureofthepassagemaybe,

24.Theauthorwritesthispassageto.

A.advisepeopletolearnknowledgebythemselvesonline

B.teachparentshowtobuy“payfbrknowledge“products

C.askpeopletostoptryinganyof“payfbrknowledge”products

D.remindpeopletochoose“payfbrknowledge“productswisely

【答案】21.B

22.C

23.B

24.D

【分析】本文主要向我們介紹了“知識(shí)付費(fèi)''該產(chǎn)業(yè)。

Internet....Secondinformation....tisbasedontheInternet....Second,peopleareafraidtomissanyinformation....

Moreover,theneedtolearnnewskillsintoday'sjobmarketalsopushespeopletolearnonsucheducational

podcasts.”可知，原因有三個(gè)：第一，它的發(fā)展是基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的；第二，人們害怕錯(cuò)過任何信息；第三，如

今的就業(yè)市場(chǎng)需要學(xué)習(xí)新技能，這也促使人們?cè)谶@樣的教育播客上學(xué)習(xí)，不包括“傳統(tǒng)的教育體系不起作用”

這一點(diǎn)。故選B。

money....Itmoney....stryof“payfbrknowledge”hasprovedtobeagreatwayofmakingmoney....Itisgoodfbrthe

developmentofourcountryanditcanhelpsellersmakelotsofmoney....”可知，本段是介紹“知識(shí)付費(fèi)產(chǎn)業(yè)”的優(yōu)

勢(shì)。故選C。

23.篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。本文第一段是引出“知識(shí)付費(fèi)”這個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)；第二段介紹其流行的原因：第三段介紹其優(yōu)勢(shì)：

第四段介紹其帶來的問題；第五段是總結(jié)。所以本文的結(jié)構(gòu)是總（1）——分（2）——分（3、4）——總

(5)o故選B。

24.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后“"Payforknowledge”maybeusedasagoodstartforselfgrowth.Butbecarefulwhen

youmakeachoice,oryourdreamofsuccessmaynotetrue."可知，“知識(shí)付費(fèi)”雖然由很多優(yōu)勢(shì)，但也要慎重選

擇，由此推斷，作者是提醒人們明智地選擇“知識(shí)付贊’產(chǎn)品。故選D。

G

Wilh(heYearoftheRatingup.IremembergoingoutforChinesefoodwhenIwasakidintheUS.In

Chineserestaurants,therearealwaysplateswithpicturesofthezodiacanimals(十二生肖).Formostpeopleinthe

US.thismightbethedeepestimpressionofChineseculture.Onetime,westartedtolaughafterwelearnedthatmy

auntisarat.

Wclaughedbecauseinourculture,ratsarcanimalsofverylowposition.Theycatrubbishandcarydiseases,

sowethinktheyaredirty.Becausenitsaresneaky(鬼鬼祟祟的)，wethinkofthemasuntrustworthy.Calling

semeonearatisveryrude.Itmeanswecannottrusthimorhereasily,orwewillbecheated.

Asakid,thiscausedmetofeelbadforpeoplebornintheYearoftheRat.Iwonderedwhethertheywouldbe

lookeddownuponbyothers.IdidsomeresearchandfoundthatalthoughChinesepeoplealsoseeratsasdirty

animals,theyaddedthemtothezodiacforsomereasons.

Ratsarethoughttobeanimalsthatcanbringpeoplewealth.Theyarealsoabletogivebirthtolotsofbabies,

whichmakesthemasymbolofgoocluck-traditionally,Chinesepeopleprefertohavelargefamilieswithmany

children.Ratsarebelievedtohaveintelligenceaswell.Itisbelievedthatsneakyanimalsmustbeclever.

Sonow,Tmenteringthenewyearwithafreshwayoflookingatrats.PerhapsIneedtofindanew

understandingforotherthings—animals,ideasorevenpeople!

25.ThewritergavereasonsloexplainwhyChinesepeopleaddratsto(hezodiac.

A.twoB.threeC.fourD.five

26.Fromthepassage,weknowthat.

A.ratsarcanimalsofverylowpositioninChineseculture

B.ChinesechildrenbornintheYearoftheRatarclookeddownupon

C.ratsarconlyseenasdirtyanimalsinChineseculture

D.Chinesepeoplebelieveratsaresneakybutcleveranimals

27.Accordinglothepassage.PhrasecandescribesomeonecalledaratinUS.

A.油嘴滑舌B.伶俐乖巧C.背信棄義D.言出必行

28.Thewritermainlytalksabout.

A.whyAmericanpeopledon'tlikeratsB.whatChinesepeoplethinkofrats

C.howpeopleseeratsindifferentculturesD.whocanfindanewunderstandingforrats

【答案】25.B

26.D

27.C

28.C

【分析】本文主要講述了不同國(guó)家的人對(duì)于“鼠''這個(gè)動(dòng)物的看法，美國(guó)人認(rèn)為老鼠吃垃圾，身上攜帶著病毒,

稱呼別人“老鼠”是非常不禮貌的，而在中國(guó)，老鼠被認(rèn)為是能給人們帶來財(cái)富的動(dòng)物，以此作者認(rèn)為自己需

要找到一種對(duì)其他事物的新理解——?jiǎng)游?、思想甚至是人?/p>

25.細(xì)節(jié)理解題o根據(jù)“Ratsarethoughttobeanimalsthatcanbringpeoplewealth“'Theyarealsoabletogive

birthtolotsofbabies”及“Ratsarebelievedtohaveintelligenceaswell”可知，一共給出了三條理由，故選B。

26.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Becauseratsarcsneaky"及"Ratsarcbelievedtohaveintelligenceaswell”可知,中國(guó)人

認(rèn)為老鼠是狡猾但聰明的動(dòng)物，故選D。

27.推理判斷題。根據(jù)"Callingsomeonearatisveryrude.Itmeanswecannottrusthimorhereasily,orwewillbe

cheated”可知，叫某人是老鼠是很不禮貌的。這意味著我們不能輕易信任他或她，否則我們會(huì)被欺騙，所以

用“背信棄義''這個(gè)詞最能形容，故選C。

28.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文是作者通過美國(guó)和中國(guó)對(duì)“鼠”的看法來表達(dá)了不同文化的觀點(diǎn)，故選

C.

H

Forbothmusiciansandtheirfans,it'shardtosaynototheexcitementofaliveconcert.Forfans,stayingwith

otherswhosharethesamehobbyandseeingtheirfavoritemusiciansfacetofacearesoexciting.Formusicians,

coiKerttoursallowthemtoconnectwiththeirlistenersandmakebigmoney.

Sowhathappenswhenlivetoursarcnolongerpossible?Inearly2020,governmentsstoppedpeoplefrom

travelingandstayingtogetherbecauseofCOVID19（新冠病毒）.Toursandconcertswerecancelled,leavingboth

musiciansandfansdisappointed.

Butmusiciansarecreative,andtechnologycanbringpeopletogetherinwaysthatwereimpossiblejustten

yearsago.Andsooneperformerafteranotherbegantoofferonlineconcerts.

Theseonlineconcertsweresimple.Musiciansjustfilmedthemselvesplayingintheirhouses.They

livestreamed（直播）theirsongsandlistenerslovedtheseonlineevents.Onlineconcertsareagreatwayfor

musicianstoconnectwiththeirfansduringadifficulttime.Inaddition,theyarcagreatwaytobringpeople

together.Althoughsomeonlineconcertsrequirepayment,mostofthemarefree.Andthisraisesquestionsabout

whethertheywillcontinuewhenliveconcertseback.

Itiseasyforartiststoofferfreemusiconlinewhennoonecanleavetheirhomes.Butlongterm,itcanstop

(hemfromsellingCDSorticketstoliveshows.However,freeonlineconcertsmaybeagoodwayforbandstowin

newfans.Peoplewhomightnotnormallylistentoanartist'smusicmaymeetanonlineconcertaccidentally.This

increasesthenumberofpeoplebuyingamusician'smusic.Freeconcertscanbeagoodbusinessdecisionafterall.

29.Theunderlinedword"them"inthefirstparagraphrefersto.

A.governmentsB.listenersC.musiciansD.concertlours

30.What'stheadvantageofonlineconcertsaccordingtothepassage?

A.Fanscanseetheirfavoritemusiciansfacetoface.

B.Peoplecanbebroughttogetherduringahardtime.

C.Musicianscantravelaroundtogivefreeconcerts.

D.FanswillsurelybuymoreCDsandticketstoliveconcerts.

31.What'sthewriter'sopiniontowardsthelutureoffreeonlineconcerts?

A.Hecan'tstandit.B.He'scrazyaboutil.C.Hedoesn'tmindit.D.He'skindofsupportive.

32.Inwhichcolumnofanewspapercanwereadthispassage?

A.Environment.B.Travel.C.Education.D.Arts.

【答案】29.C

30.B

31.D

32.D

【分析】本文介紹了人們居家時(shí)期通過在線音樂會(huì)使得音樂家和歌迷能夠聯(lián)系起來。

29.推理判斷題。根據(jù)"Formusicians,concerttoursallowthemtoconnectwiththeirlistenersandmakebig

money.”可知，對(duì)于音樂家來說，巡回演唱會(huì)可以讓他們與聽眾建立聯(lián)系，賺大餞。此處them指的是音樂家，

故選C。

30.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Onlineconcertsarcagreatwayfbrmusicianstoconnectwiththeir船nsduringadifficult

time.“可知，在線音樂會(huì)是音樂家在困難時(shí)期與粉絲交流的好方法。故選B。

31.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Freeconcertscanbeagoodbusinessdecisionafterall.”可知，作者對(duì)于免費(fèi)音樂會(huì)的看

法是支持的，故選D。

32.推理判斷題。本文介紹了人們居家時(shí)期地過在線音樂會(huì)使得音樂家和歌迷能夠聯(lián)系起來，所以推測(cè)可

能在藝術(shù)版塊看到這篇文章，故選D。

出募真題再現(xiàn)

A

（2021?內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特?中考真題）It'slongbeenascientificdream:togivepeopleaspecialvaccinebefore

birthtopreventthemfromgeningterribleillnesses.Geneediting（基因編輯）isonewayinwhichwecoulddothis.

Butthismethodhasalsocreatedsomediscussion.

InanonlinevideopostedonNov.26,2018,HeJiankui,aresearcherattheSouthernUniversityofScienceand

Technology,saidthathehadhelpedtomaketheworld'sfirstgeneticallyeditedbabies.

ThebabiesaretwingirlswhowerebominNovember.TheirfatherhadHIV.Thetwins'geneswereeditedin

ordertopreventthemfromsufferingfromtheHIVvirus.

HesaidhechosetodothisbecauseHIViswidespreadinChina."Ifeelsuchastrongdutynotonlytobethe

firstt