TheMobileGenderGapReport

2025

Copyright?2025GSMA

GSNMA

TheGSMAisaglobalorganisationunifyingthemobileecosystemtodiscover,developanddeliverinnovationfoundationaltopositivebusinessenvironmentsand

societalchange.Ourvisionistounlockthefullpowerofconnectivitysothatpeople,industry,andsocietythrive.Representingmobileoperatorsandorganisations

acrossthemobileecosystemandadjacentindustries,theGSMAdeliversforitsmembersacrossthree

broadpillars:ConnectivityforGood,Industry

ServicesandSolutions,andOutreach.Thisactivity

includesadvancingpolicy,tacklingtodaysbiggest

societalchallenges,underpinningthetechnologyandinteroperabilitythatmakemobilework,andprovidingtheworldslargestplatformtoconvenethemobile

ecosystemattheMWCandM360seriesofevents.

Weinviteyoutofindoutmoreat

GSMAConnectedWomen

TheGSMAsConnectedWomenprogrammeworkswithmobileoperatorsandtheirpartnerstoaddressthebarrierstowomenaccessingandusingmobileinternetandmobilemoneyservices.Connected

Womenaimstoreducethegendergapinmobileinternetandmobilemoneyservicesandunlock

significantcommercialopportunitiesforthemobileindustryandsocio-economicbenefitsforwomen.

Formoreinformation,pleasevisit

/connectedwomen

GSMAIntelligence

GSMAIntelligenceisthedefinitivesourceofglobal

mobileoperatordata,analysisandforecasts,and

publisherofauthoritativeindustryreportsand

research.Ourdatacoverseveryoperatorgroup,

networkandMVNOineverycountryworldwidefromAfghanistantoZimbabwe.Itisthemostaccurateandcompletesetofindustrymetricsavailable,comprisingtensofmillionsofindividualdatapoints,updateddaily.

GSMAIntelligenceisreliedonbyleadingoperators,

vendors,regulators,financialinstitutionsandthird-

partyindustryplayers,tosupportstrategicdecision

makingandlong-terminvestmentplanning.Thedataisusedasanindustryreferencepointandisfrequentlycitedbythemediaandbytheindustryitself.

Ourteamofanalystsandexpertsproduceregularthought-leadingresearchreportsacrossarangeofindustrytopics.

info@

●

AtIpsoswearepassionatelycuriousaboutpeople,

markets,brandsandsociety.Wedeliverinformationandanalysisthatmakesourcomplexworldeasierandfastertonavigateandinspiresourclientstomake

smarterdecisions.

Withastrongpresencein88countries,Ipsos

employsmorethan16,000peopleandhastheabilitytoconductresearchprogrammesinmorethan

100countries.FoundedinFrancein1975,Ipsosiscontrolledandmanagedbyresearchprofessionals.

Forthisstudy,IpsosworkedwiththeGSMAasa

fieldworkpartnerand,assuch,isnotresponsiblefortheanalysisorconclusionsinthisreport.

UkInternational

Development

Partnership|Progress|Prosperity

ThismaterialhasbeenfundedbyUKAidfromtheUK

government;however,theviewsexpresseddonot

necessarilyreflecttheUKGovernmentsofficialpolicies.

sweden

sverige

ThisdocumenthasbeenfinancedbytheSwedish

InternationalDevelopmentCooperationAgency,Sida.Sidadoesnotnecessarilysharetheviewsexpressedinthismaterial.Responsibilityforitscontentsrests

entirelywiththeauthor.

GatesFoundation

Thisreportisbasedonresearchfundedinpartby

theGatesFoundation.ThefindingsandconclusionscontainedwithinarethoseoftheauthorsanddonotnecessarilyreflectpositionsorpoliciesoftheGatesFoundation.

Leadauthor:NadiaJeffrie

Contributors:KalvinBahia,AbiGleek,SimranJenaBoralbaKapllani,RosieLeary,DominicaLindsey,

ClaireSibthorpeandJakubZagdanski

Fieldworkpartner:Ipsos

Published:May2025

Contents

Introduction4

Keyfindings8

Definitions13

Themobilegendergapin202414

Thejourneytomobileinternetuse22

Thegendergapinmobileownership26

Thegendergapinsmartphoneownership28

Thegendergapinmobileinternetadoption34

Spotlight:Pakistan’sbreakthroughinwomen’s

digitalinclusion38

Understandingwomen’smobileinternetuse40

Spotlight:Womenmicro-entrepreneurs’useofmobile

forbusiness44

Understandingbarrierstomobileinternetadoptionanduse46

Awarenessofmobileinternet51

Barrierstomobileinternetadoptionamongthosewhoareawareofit52

Barrierstofurthermobileinternetuseforexistingusers54

Spotlight:Ruralwomenaretheleastlikelytobe

digitallyincluded56

Recommendations60

Appendices64

Appendix1:Barrierstomobileinternetadoptionanduse65

Appendix2:Usecases74

Appendix3:Methodology78

Endnotes81

Introduction

4

5

G與A

Mobilephonesandmobileinternetcantransformlivesbyprovidingconnectivity,information,

healthcare,education,e-commerce,financial

servicesandincomeopportunitiesfromanywhere.

In2024,morepeoplethaneveraccessedthe

internetviaamobilephone,including3.7billionpeopleinlow-andmiddle-incomecountries

(LMICs).1MobileremainstheprimarywaypeopleinLMICsaccesstheinternet,accountingfor

84%ofbroadbandconnectionsin2024.2Thisisespeciallytruefortheunderserved,includingwomenandthosewholiveinruralareas.In

14ofthe15countriessurveyedforthisreport,

femaleinternetusersweremorelikelythantheirmalecounterpartstoexclusivelyuseamobile

phonetogetonline,3withdifferencesofupto14percentagepoints.4

InLMICs,83%ofwomennowownamobile

phone,61%ownasmartphoneand63%use

mobileinternet.Yet,mobileaccessanduseremainunequal.Acrossthesecountries,womenarestill

lesslikelythanmentohaveaccesstomobile

phones,mobilemoney,mobileinternetandothermobileservices.Womenarealsolesslikelytousetheseservicesonanequalbasis,particularlythosewhoaremostunderserved–includingwomen

withlowliteracylevels,lowincomes,orwholiveinaruralareaorhaveadisability.

Thegendergapinmobileinternetadoptionhadbeenclosingsteadily.Between2017and2020,ithadnarrowedfrom25%to15%,butin2021

and2022thisgapwidenedto18%.Inlastyear’sreport,wehighlightedthatin2023,forthefirsttimeinthreeyears,themobileinternetgender

gaphadnarrowedagain,returningto15%.Thiswasbecauseofwomenadoptingmobileinternetatafasterratethanmenin2023.Unfortunately,ourlatestdatashowsthispositivetrenddidnotcontinuein2024andprogresshasstalledonceagain.In2024,thegendergapinmobileinternetadoptionremainedrelativelyunchangedat14%duetoasimilarnumberofwomenandmen

startingtouseitacrossLMICs.

Stakeholdersneedtointensifytheireffortstoclosethiscriticalandstubborngendergap.

Addressingthemobilegendergapprovidessignificantsocialandcommercialbenefitstoindividuals,societiesandeconomies.

ConnectivityisvitaltoachievingtheUnited

NationsSustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs),includingthoserelatedtohealth,education,

climateandfinancialinclusion.GSMAanalysis

hasestimatedthatovertheeightyearsfrom

2023to2030,5closingthegendergapinmobileownershipanduseinLMICscoulddeliver$230

billioninadditionalrevenuetothemobile

industry,6andclosingthegendergapinmobile

internetadoptioninLMICswouldadd$1.3trillioninadditionalgrossdomesticproduct(GDP).7

Mobileaccessandusecanalsotransform

women’slives.GSMAresearchin12LMICshas

shownthatoncewomenusemobileinternet,

mostbelieveithasapositiveimpactontheirlivesandtoasimilardegreeasmen.8

InthiseightheditionofTheMobileGenderGapReportseries,wesharethelatestfigureson

women’saccesstoanduseofmobileinLMICs,thebarrierstheyfaceandhowthiscomparestomen.Wealsoofferrecommendationstoclosethemobilegendergapandreachmorewomenwithmobile,withsuggestedactionsformobilenetworkoperators(MNOs),policymakersand

regulators,thedevelopmentcommunityandotherstakeholders.

Astheworldbecomesmoredigitised,ensuringthatwomencanaccessandusemobileis

essential.Nowmorethanever,wemuststriveforequalaccessandusesothatwomen,theircommunitiesandsocietycanreapthefull,

life-changingbenefitsofmobile.Thisrequiresinvestment,effortandattentionfromall.

1.GSMAIntelligence,Q42024.

2.InternationalTelecommunicationUnion(ITU)estimatesfor2024.

3.ExceptIndonesia,wheremaleandfemaleinternetuserswereequallylikelytoaccesstheinternetexclusivelyviamobile.

4.ThedifferencewasgreatestinRwanda,where77%offemaleinternetusersaccessitexclusivelyviamobile,comparedto63%ofmen.

5.Thisperiodisinclusiveoftheyears2023and2030.

6.GSMA.(2023).

TheMobileGenderGapReport2023

.

7.GSMA.(2024).

TheStateofMobileInternetConnectivity2024

.

8.GSMA.(2023).

TheMobileGenderGapReport2023

.

TheMobileGenderGapReport2025GSMA

CSMATheMobileGenderGapReport2025

Thisreportprovides:

Updatedfiguresongendergapsinmobileownership,

smartphoneownershipandmobileinternetadoptioninLMICsandhowthesefigureshavechangedovertime.

Updateddataonthe

barrierstomobileinternetadoptionanduseamongmenandwomen.

Newdataonmen’sandwomen’sawarenessofdifferentmobileinternetusecases.

Aspotlightonrural

women’suseofmobilecomparedtotheirmaleandurbancounterparts.

Adeepdiveintowomen

micro-entrepreneurs’useofmobilephonesforbusinessincomparisontomen.

Thefindingsofthisreportdrawonthe

annualGSMAConsumerSurvey,

whichthisyearhadmorethan

17,000

respondentsfrom

15LMICs

Theseface-to-face,nationallyrepresentativesurveys9were

conductedbetweenAugust

andNovember2024.Analysis

ofotherresearchanddata

fromtheGSMA,andarange

ofotherorganisationsthat

investigateandtrackthe

mobilegendergap,also

informthefindingsofthisreport.

9.ExceptforEthiopiawhere,in2022,samplingexcludedtheTigrayregionandsixzones,andin2023and2024excludedtheAmhararegionandsixzonesduetoconflict.

7

6

Keyfindings

8

9

G與A

Keyfindings

1.Progresshasstalledinclosingthegender

gapinmobileinternetadoptionacrosslow-

andmiddle-incomecountries,withthegap

remainingrelativelyunchangedin2024.Therewerealsononotableregionalchangesin2024exceptinSub-SaharanAfrica,wherethegendergaphasnarrowedforthesecondyearinarow.

2.Morethan1.5billionwomeninlow-and

middle-incomecountriesarenowusing

mobileinternet,butwomen’srateofadoptionhasslowed.Only50millionwomenstarted

usingmobileinternetin2024comparedto

85millionin2023whenthemobileinternetgendergapnarrowed.Therateofadoptionamongmenremainsrelativelyunchanged.

3.Womenarenow14%lesslikelythanmentousemobileinternetacrosslow-andmiddle-incomecountries.Thistranslatestoaround

235millionfewerwomenthanmen.Currently,74%ofmeninthesecountriesusemobile

internetcomparedtoonly63%ofwomen.

4.Around60%ofthe885millionwomenstill

notusingmobileinternetinlow-andmiddle-incomecountriesliveinSouthAsiaand

Sub-SaharanAfrica.Theseregionsalsohavethewidestgendergapsinmobileinternet

adoption,at32%and29%,respectively.In

mostsurveycountriesintheseregions,gendergapsarealsowiderinruralareasthaninurban

areas.

5.Thegendergapinsmartphoneownership

acrosslow-andmiddle-incomecountries

remainsunchangedat14%.Thistranslates

toaround230millionfewerwomenowning

smartphonesthanmen.Inthesecountries,61%ofwomennowownasmartphonecomparedto71%ofmen.Therateofsmartphoneadoptionacrossthesecountrieshasslowedsignificantlyforbothmenandwomen.

6.Theunderlyinggendergapinmobile

ownershipacrosslow-andmiddle-income

countriesis8%andhasnotchangednotablyineightyears.Therearestill400millionwomenwhodonotownamobilephoneandtheyareprovingdifficulttoreach.

7.Thevastmajorityofmobileinternetusers

accessitfromtheirownphone.However,inacoupleofthesurveycountries,arelatively

highpercentageofwomenexclusivelyuse

theinternetonsomeoneelse’smobilephone.Thesewomenarelesslikelythanwomenwhoownaninternet-enabledphonetousemobileinterneteverydayandforarangeofactivities.PhoneborrowingismostcommoninPakistan,

where35%ofwomenwhousemobileinternetdonotownaninternet-enabledphone,

comparedto6%ofmen.

8.Awarenessofmobileinternetishighand

almostequalamongmenandwomeninmostofthesurveycountries,butnotablegendergapsremaininsomecountries.Awareness

doesnotalwaysleadtoadoption,particularlyforwomen.

9.Forthosewhoarealreadyawareofmobile

internet,thetopreportedbarriersto

adoptingitarestillaffordability(primarily

ofhandsets)andliteracyanddigitalskills.

Withmillionsmorewomenofflinethanmen,

theyaredisproportionatelyaffectedbythesebarriers.Womenalsotendtoexperiencethesebarriersmoreacutelyduetosocialnormsandstructuralinequalities,suchaslowereducationandincome.

10.Oncemenandwomenusemobileinternet,

thetopreportedbarrierstofurtheruseare

stillsafetyandsecurityconcerns,affordability(particularlydatabutalsohandsets)and

connectivityexperience.Thesebarriersto

furtherusevarymorebylocalcontextand

lessbygender.Forexample,incountries

withhigherratesofmobileinternetadoption,safetyandsecurityconcernstendtobe

reportedmorebybothmenandwomen.

11.Mostmobileinternetusersaccessitevery

day,especiallymen.Femalemobileinternet

userstendtouseitforanarrowerrangeofusecasesthanmenonadailyandweeklybasis.

Themostpopularusecasesforbothmenandwomenarerelatedtocommunicationand

entertainment.

12.Amongmobileinternetusers,awarenessofthemostcommonusecasesisnearuniversalwithlittlegenderdifference.However,awareness

levelsarelowerforlessfrequentlyusedusecases,especiallyamongwomen.Theseusecasesincludethoserelatedtogovernment

services,healthandeducationsupport.

13.Themostvaluedfeaturesinaninternet-

enabledphone,apartfromprice,arerelatedtoperformance,functionalityandlongevityofthedeviceratherthanaesthetics,physicalfeaturesorbrandreputation.Thesepreferenceswere

similarregardlessofgenderorlocation.

14.Closingthegendergapinmobileinternet

adoptioninlow-andmiddle-incomecountries

wouldadd$1.3trillioninadditionalGDPfrom2023to2030.

CSMATheMobileGenderGapReport2025TheMobileGenderGapReport2025GSMA

1011

8%

INLOW-ANDMIDDLE-INCOMECOUNTRIES

WOMENARESTILL

lesslikelythanmentoownamobilephone

400M

womenstill

donotownamobilephone

MOBILEINTERNETADOPTION

FURTHERMOBILEINTERNETUSE

Thetopbarriers

preventingwomenwhousemobileinternetfromusingitmoreare:

1.SAFETYANDSECURITYCONCERNS

Thetopbarriers

preventingwomenwhoareawareofmobileinternetfromadoptingitare:

1.AFFORDABILITY(PRIMARILYOFHANDSETS)

2.AFFORDABILITY

(PARTICULARLYOFDATABUTALSOHANDSETS)

2.LITERACYANDDIGITALSKILLS

3.CONNECTIVITYEXPERIENCE

ClosingtheGENDERGAPinmobileinternetadoptionwouldadd

$1.3

TRILLION

INADDITIONALGDPfrom

2023to2030

Themostpopularmobileinternet

usecases

arerelatedto

communication

andentertainment

Themostvaluedfeaturesinaninternet-enabled

phone,apartfromprice,are:

PERFORMANCE,FUNCTIONALITYandLONGEVITY

Andalmostallmobileinternet

usersareawareoftheseusecases

INLOW-ANDMIDDLE-INCOMECOUNTRIES

usemobileinternet

63%ofwomennow

Buttheirrateof

mobileinternet

adoptionhasslowedoverthepastyear

MEN’S

rateofadoptionisunchanged

PROGRESSINNARROWINGTHEGENDERGAPINMOBILEINTERNETADOPTIONHASSTALLED

Womenare14%

Thismeans

235M

fewerwomen

thanmenusemobileinternet

lesslikelythanmentouse

mobileinternet

885M

womenarestillnotusingmobileinternet

Thegendergapinsmartphoneownershipisrelatively

unchanged

Womenare

14%

lesslikelythanmentoownasmartphone

230M

fewerwomenthanmenownasmartphone

AROUND

60%

LIVEIN

SouthAsiaandSub-Saharan

Africa

CSMATheMobileGenderGapReport2025

12

TheMobileGenderGapReport2025CSMA

Definitions

GENDERGAP

Thegendergapinmobilephoneownership,smartphoneownershipandmobileinternetadoptioniscalculatedusingthefollowingformula:

=

Gendergapinownership/use(%)

Maleowners/users

(%ofmalepopulation)

Femaleowners/users(%offemalepopulation)

Maleowners/users

(%ofmalepopulation)

MOBILEOWNER

“Mobilephoneowner”and“mobileowner”areusedinterchangeablyinthisreporttomeanapersonwhohassoleormainuseofaSIMcardormobilephonethatdoesnotrequireaSIMandusesitatleastonceamonth.ThevastmajorityofSIMownersalsohavesoleormainuseofahandset(amedianof92%acrossthecountries,rangingfrom87%

to96%).

FEATUREPHONEOWNER

Amobileownerthathassoleorprimaryuseofafeaturephone.Afeaturephoneisaninternet-enabledmobilephonewithasmallscreenandbasickeypadwithseverallettersperbutton.Afeaturephonemayhavesome

pre-installedappsbutdoesnothavetheabilitytodownloadappsfromanonlineappstore,suchasGooglePlayortheAppStore.Smartfeaturephonesareasubgroupoffeaturephonesandarenotrecordedasa

separatecategoryinthesurvey.

SMARTPHONEOWNER

Amobileownerthathassoleorprimaryuseofasmartphone.A

smartphoneisamobilephonewithatouchscreendisplay,anadvanced

operatingsystem(AndroidoriOS)andtheabilitytodownloadappsfromanonlineappstore,suchasGooglePlayortheAppStore.

MOBILEINTERNETUSER

Apersonwhohasusedtheinternetonamobilephoneatleastoncein

thepastthreemonths.10Mobileinternetusersdonothavetopersonallyownamobilephone.Therefore,theycanbenon-mobilephoneowners

whousemobileinternetbyaccessingitonsomeoneelse’smobilephone.

10.Respondentswereaskedthequestion:“Haveyoueverusedtheinternetonamobilephone?Pleasethinkaboutallthedifferentwaysofusingtheinterneton

amobilephone.Justtoconfirm,peopleareusingtheinternetontheirmobilephoneswhentheydoanyofthefollowing:visitinternetwebsites(e.g.Googleor

Amazon),visitsocialnetworkingwebsites(e.g.Facebook,Twitter,YouTube,Weibo),sendemailsorinstantmessages(e.g.WhatsApp,Snapchat,WeChat,LINE)ordownloadapps.”Mobileinternetusersarethosewhoanswered,“Yes,Ihaveusedtheinternetonamobilephoneinthepastthreemonths.”

13

Themobilegendergapin2024

14

15

G與NM

2024wasanotherchallengingyearformany

inLMICs,withpoliticalinstability,economic

hardshipandextremeweathereventsaffectingentirepopulations.Duringthisyear,women’s

levelsofmobileownership,smartphone

ownershipandmobileinternetadoptionall

remainedrelativelyunchanged.Therewasa

similartrendformen,resultingingendergapssimilartothosein2023.

Inlastyear’sreport,wesharedthepositivenews

thatthegendergapinmobileinternetadoption

acrossLMICshadnarrowednotablyforthefirst

timeinthreeyearsto15%,bringingitbackto

whereitwasin2020.Ourmostrecentdatafrom2024showsthatprogressstalled,andthisgendergapisrelativelyunchanged,withwomenacross

LMICsnow14%lesslikelythanmentousemobileinternet(seeFigure1).Thistranslatesto235millionfewerwomenthanmen.Women’srateofadoptionslowedin2024comparedto2023,whenthe

mobileinternetgendergapnarrowed,whilemen’sremainedrelativelyunchanged.Around50millionwomenacrossLMICsstartedusingmobileinternetin2024comparedto85millionin2023.

Aswellasmobileinternetadoption,itisalso

importanttounderstandthegendergapinmobileownership,specificallyownershipofinternet-

enableddevices.In2024,progressinclosingthesmartphonegendergapalsostalled.Women

acrossLMICsremain14%lesslikelythanmentoownasmartphone(seeFigure1),whichtranslatesto230millionfewerwomenthanmen.Thereare945millionwomeninLMICswhodonotyetown

asmartphone,whichlimitstheirabilitytoaccessandusemobileinternettomeettheirlifeneeds.

AcrossLMICs,womenarestill8%lesslikelythanmentoownamobilephoneofanytype,which

translatesto150millionfewerwomenthan

men.Thisgendergaphasnotchangednotably

sincewebegantrackingitin2017(seeFigure1).Althoughnearly2billionwomenownamobile

phoneinthesecountries,the400millionwomenwhodonotownoneareprovingdifficulttoreach.

Gendergapsinmobileinternetadoption,

smartphoneownershipandoverallmobile

ownershiphavebeenconsistentlywidestinSouthAsiaandSub-SaharanAfrica,wheremostof

thosenotusingmobileinternetlive(seeFigure1).InSouthAsia,thegendergapinmobileinternet

adoptionin2024remainedrelativelyunchangedat32%with330millionwomenintheregionstillnotusingit.However,therewaspromisingprogressinclosingmobilegendergapsinSub-SaharanAfrica,theregionwiththehighestproportionofwomennotyetusingmobileinternet.ThemobileinternetgendergapinSub-SaharanAfricahasnarrowed

consistentlyforthepasttwoyears,from36%in2022to32%in2023,andnowstandsat29%.

However,therearestillaround205millionwomenintheregionwhodonotyetuseit.

Addressingthesegendergapsiscrucial,asowningamobilephone,particularlyasmartphone,significantlyincreasesmobileinternetuseamongbothmenandwomen.

8%

14%

Womenare

lesslikelythanmentoownamobilephone

Womenare

thanmentousemobileinternet

235

fewerwomenthanmenareusingmobileinternet

lesslikely

million

CSMATheMobileGenderGapReport2025TheMobileGenderGapReport2025GSMA

Figure1

GendergapsacrossLMICsandbyregion,2017–2024Amongtotaladultpopulation

25%

GENDERGAPINMOBILEINTERNETADOPTION

AcrossLMICsoverall

23%

21%

18%

17——%

15%

15%

14%

2017

2018

2019

202020212022Gendergapinmobileinternetadoption

2023

2024

GendergapinmobileinternetadoptionGendergapinmobileownershipGendergapinsmartphoneownership

67%

SouthAsia

26%

22%

18%

59%

60%

59%41%

42%

40%

Sub-SaharanAfrica

15%

26%

EastAsia&Paci?c

1%

2%

2%

1%

0%

1%

1%

1%

0%

MiddleEast&

NorthAfrica

9%

9%

4%

4%

1%

18%

17%

17%

13%

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

Source:GSMA,2024

MobileownershipisdefinedashavingsoleormainuseofaSIMcard(oramobilephonethatdoesnotrequireaSIM)andusingitatleastonceamonth.

Mobileinternetuseisdefinedashavingusedtheinternetonamobilephoneatleastonceinthepastthreemonths.Mobileinternetusers

donothavetopersonallyownamobilephone.Thegendergapinmobileownership,

smartphoneownershipandmobileinternetusereferstohowmuchlesslikelyawomanistoownamobile(orasmartphoneortousemobileinternet)thanaman.

Regionalaverageswerecalculatedfrom

country-leveldatabasedonsurveyresults

andmodelleddataforadultsaged18+.Someofthepercentagesshowminordifferences

frompreviousreports.Thisisduetochangesinthegroupofcountriesdefinedaslow-

andmiddle-incomeandthefactthatourmodellingusesthemostup-to-datedatafromoursurveyandthird-partysources.

LatinAmerica&Caribbean

2%

0%

Europe&

CentralAsia

1%

57%

50%

28%

17%

15%

15%

18%

46%

34%

15%

14%

14%

14%

14%

14%

13%

28%

26%

28%

30%

29%

28%

25%

1%

1%

2%

2%

1%

1%

1%

9%

10%

10%

11%

9%

11%

14%

13%

12%

14%

SouthAsia

41%

41%

35%

31%

32%

Sub-SaharanAfrica

35%

36%

36%

35%

36%

38%

32%

29%

EastAsia&Paci?c

7%

5%

7%

8%

10%

5%

4%

2%

MiddleEast&

NorthAfrica

18%

18%

15%

14%

14%

13%

12%

21%

5%

0%

LatinAmerica&

Caribbean-1%-1%

.2%

I1%

0%

2%

4%

5%

4%

3%

3%

Europe&CentralAsia

3%

3%

4%

7%

1%

1%

2%

3%

3%

1%

1%

1%