2025年考研英語（一）閱讀理解篇章結構識別與解題技巧試卷考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______模擬試卷PartOneReadingComprehensionDirections:Beloweachpassage,therearefivequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Passage1Theconceptof"cognitiveload"hasbeenacentraltopicineducationalpsychologyforseveraldecades,largelyduetothepioneeringworkofJohnSwellerandhiscolleagues.Swellerproposedthatlearners'workingmemoryhasalimitedcapacity,andthatpresentingtoomuchinformationatoncecanoverwhelmthiscapacity,leadingtocognitiveoverload.Thisoverloadhinderslearningbecausetheworkingmemorybecomessaturated,leavinglittleroomforprocessingnewinformationorengaginginhigher-orderthinking.Educationaltechnologies,particularlycomputer-basedlearningenvironments,havethepotentialtoexacerbatecognitiveloadifnotdesignedcarefully.Forinstance,multimediapresentationswithexcessivetext,complexanimations,ormultiplestreamsofaudiocanallcontributetoaheavycognitiveload.Thisisbecausetheseelementscompeteforattentionwithinthelimitedworkingmemory,makingitdifficultforlearnerstofocusonthemostimportantinformationandtoestablishthedeepconnectionsnecessaryformeaningfullearning.However,educationaltechnologycanalsobeusedtomitigatecognitiveload.Bypresentinginformationinastructuredandorganizedmanner,providingscaffoldingforcomplextasks,andusingtechniquessuchasworkedexamples,technologycanhelplearnersmanagetheloadontheirworkingmemory.Forexample,awell-designedonlinecoursemightuseinteractivesimulationstoallowlearnerstoexploreconceptsinahands-onway,whileprovidingjust-in-timefeedbacktoreinforceunderstandingandguidethemthroughthelearningprocess.Thechallengeforeducatorsandinstructionaldesigners,then,istofindtherightbalance.Theyneedtoleveragethepotentialofeducationaltechnologytoenhancelearningwithoutinadvertentlyincreasingcognitiveloadtoapointwhereitbecomesabarrier.Thisrequiresadeepunderstandingoftheprinciplesofcognitiveloadtheoryandcarefulconsiderationofhowdifferenttechnologiescanbebestutilizedtosupportlearners'cognitiveprocesses.Questions:1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?2.Accordingtothepassage,howcaneducationaltechnologyexacerbatecognitiveload?3.Whatisanexampleofhoweducationaltechnologycanbeusedtomitigatecognitiveload?4.Whatisthekeychallengementionedinthepassageforeducatorsandinstructionaldesigners?5.Theword"mitigate"inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:Passage2Therapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)hasledtoasignificanttransformationinvarioussectors,includinghealthcare.OneofthemostpromisingapplicationsofAIinhealthcareisthedevelopmentofpredictivemodelsthatcananticipatepatientoutcomesbasedonvariousdatapoints.Thesemodelscananalyzevastamountsofpatientdata,includingelectronichealthrecords,geneticinformation,andlifestylefactors,toidentifypatternsandpredictthelikelihoodofdevelopingcertainconditions.Forinstance,AIalgorithmshavebeenusedtopredicttheriskofheartdiseasebyanalyzingpatientdatasuchasage,cholesterollevels,bloodpressure,andsmokinghistory.Byidentifyinghigh-riskpatientsearly,healthcareproviderscanimplementtargetedinterventionstopreventormitigatetheprogressionofthedisease.Similarly,AIhasbeenemployedinoncologytopredictthelikelihoodofcancerrecurrencebasedontumorcharacteristicsandpatienthistory,allowingforpersonalizedtreatmentplans.Despitethepotentialbenefits,theintegrationofAIintohealthcarealsoraisesseveralethicalandpracticalconsiderations.Onemajorconcernistheissueofdataprivacyandsecurity.TheuseofAIrequiresaccesstolargeamountsofsensitivepatientdata,raisingquestionsabouthowthisdatacanbeprotectedandhowpatients'consentcanbeobtained.AnotherchallengeisthepotentialforbiasinAIalgorithms.Ifthedatausedtotrainthesealgorithmsisnotrepresentativeofthediversepatientpopulation,thepredictionsgeneratedbytheAImaybeskewedtowardscertaingroups,leadingtounequalaccesstocare.EnsuringthatAImodelsarefairandunbiasediscrucialtoavoidperpetuatingexistinghealthdisparities.Furthermore,theintegrationofAIintohealthcaresystemsrequiressignificantinvestmentininfrastructureandtraining.HealthcareprovidersneedtobeequippedtointerpretandutilizeAI-generatedpredictionseffectively,andhealthcaresystemsneedtobeupdatedtoincorporateAItoolsseamlessly.Questions:6.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthepassage?7.Accordingtothepassage,howcanAIbeusedinhealthcare?8.WhatisoneofthemajorconcernsregardingtheuseofAIinhealthcare?9.Theword"mitigated"intheseventhparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:10.WhatisakeychallengeinintegratingAIintohealthcaresystems?Passage3Theconceptof"hybridwork"hasgainedsignificanttractioninrecentyears,asorganizationsaroundtheworldhaveexploredalternativeworkarrangementsinresponsetotheCOVID-19pandemic.Hybridworkmodels,whichcombineremoteworkwithtraditionalin-officework,offerseveralpotentialbenefitsforbothemployeesandemployers.Foremployees,hybridworkcanprovidegreaterflexibilityintermsofwhereandwhentheywork,leadingtoimprovedwork-lifebalanceandincreasedjobsatisfaction.Foremployers,hybridworkcanreducecommutingcosts,expandthetalentpoolbyenablingthehiringofremoteworkers,andpotentiallyincreaseemployeeproductivity.However,thetransitiontohybridworkhasnotbeenwithoutitschallenges.Oneoftheprimaryconcernsisthepotentialfordecreasedcollaborationandcommunicationamongteammemberswhoarenotphysicallypresentintheoffice.Thiscanleadtofeelingsofisolationanddisconnection,whichcannegativelyimpactteammoraleandproductivity.Additionally,managingahybridworkforcerequiresnewskillsandstrategiesfrommanagers,whoneedtolearnhowtoeffectivelycoordinateremoteandin-officeemployeesandensurethatallteammembersfeelincludedandsupported.Anotherchallengeisthepotentialforincreasedwork-lifeboundaryblurring.Whileremoteworkcanofferflexibility,itcanalsomakeitdifficultforemployeestodisconnectfromwork,leadingtolongerworkinghoursandincreasedstress.Thiscanhavenegativeconsequencesforemployees'mentalandphysicalhealth.Toaddressthesechallenges,organizationsneedtoimplementthoughtfulpoliciesandpracticesthatsupportasuccessfulhybridworkenvironment.Thiscanincludeestablishingclearcommunicationprotocols,providingemployeeswiththenecessarytoolsandresourcestoworkremotelyeffectively,andfosteringacultureoftrustandflexibility.Additionally,organizationsneedtoinvestintrainingformanagerstohelpthemdeveloptheskillsneededtoleadahybridworkforce.Questions:11.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?12.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomepotentialbenefitsofhybridwork?13.Whatisoneoftheprimaryconcernsregardinghybridwork?14.Theword"traction"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:15.Whatisakeyfactorinsupportingasuccessfulhybridworkenvironment?PartTwoTranslationDirection:PutthefollowingpassageintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2.中國傳統(tǒng)文化強調和諧與平衡，認為個人、社會和自然三者之間應該相互依存、和諧共處。這種思想在中國歷史上產生了深遠的影響，塑造了中華民族的價值觀和行為準則。在現代社會，隨著全球化和現代化的快速發(fā)展，傳統(tǒng)文化面臨著新的挑戰(zhàn)和機遇。為了保持文化的多樣性和獨特性，我們需要在傳承和弘揚傳統(tǒng)文化的同時，積極吸收外來文化的優(yōu)秀成果，促進不同文化之間的交流與融合。PartThreeWritingDirection:Writeanessayof160-200wordsonthetopic"TheImportanceofReading".YoushouldwriteneatlyonAnswerSheet2.Donotwritethetopicontheanswersheet.TheImportanceofReadingReadingisanessentialactivitythatplaysacrucialroleinpersonaldevelopmentandsocietalprogress.Itisawindowtotheworld,offeringinsightsintodifferentcultures,perspectives,andideas.Throughreading,individualscanexpandtheirknowledge,enhancetheircriticalthinkingskills,andcultivateempathy.Firstly,readingbroadensourknowledgebase.Booksareatreasuretroveofinformationonvarioussubjects,fromhistoryandsciencetoliteratureandart.Byreading,wecanlearnaboutthepast,understandthepresent,andgaininsightsintothefuture.Thisknowledgenotonlyenrichesourlivesbutalsoequipsuswiththetoolstomakeinformeddecisions.Secondly,readingenhancescriticalthinkingskills.Whenweread,weencounterdifferentarguments,viewpoints,andnarratives.Welearntoanalyzeinformation,evaluateevidence,andformourownopinions.Thisprocesssharpensourminds,improvesourproblem-solvingabilities,andpreparesustotacklecomplexchallengesinlife.Lastly,readingfostersempathy.Bysteppingintotheshoesofcharactersinastoryorlearningabouttheexperiencesofothersthroughnon-fictionworks,wedevelopadeeperunderstandingofhumanemotionsandperspectives.Thiscultivationofempathyenhancesoursocialskills,promotestolerance,andstrengthensrelationships.Inconclusion,readingisapowerfultoolforpersonalgrowthandsocietaladvancement.Itbroadensourknowledge,enhancesourcriticalthinkingskills,andfostersempathy.Therefore,weshouldmakereadingahabitandembracethecountlessbenefitsitoffers.試卷答案PartOneReadingComprehensionPassage11.C*解析思路：文章首段提出認知負荷的概念，并指出其限制工作記憶，影響學習。第二段說明教育技術可能加劇認知負荷。第三段提出技術也可緩解認知負荷。最后一段總結教育者和教學設計師的挑戰(zhàn)是找到平衡。文章核心是圍繞認知負荷及其在教學中的應用和管理，故選C（認知負荷理論及其在教育技術中的應用和管理）。*2.B*解析思路：根據第二段“Educationaltechnologies,particularlycomputer-basedlearningenvironments,havethepotentialtoexacerbatecognitiveloadifnotdesignedcarefully.Forinstance,multimediapresentationswithexcessivetext,complexanimations,ormultiplestreamsofaudiocanallcontributetoaheavycognitiveload.”可知，若設計不當，教育技術（特別是基于計算機的學習環(huán)境）有潛力加劇認知負荷，例如包含過多文本、復雜動畫或多個音頻流的多媒體演示都會導致沉重的認知負荷。故選B（例如，過多文本、復雜動畫或多媒體演示等元素會加劇認知負荷）。*3.D*解析思路：根據第三段“However,educationaltechnologycanalsobeusedtomitigatecognitiveload.Bypresentinginformationinastructuredandorganizedmanner,providingscaffoldingforcomplextasks,andusingtechniquessuchasworkedexamples,technologycanhelplearnersmanagetheloadontheirworkingmemory.”可知，技術可以通過結構化、有組織地呈現信息，為復雜任務提供腳手架，以及使用工作示例等技術來緩解認知負荷。例如，一個設計良好的在線課程可能使用交互式模擬，允許學習者以動手的方式探索概念，同時提供及時反饋來加強理解和引導他們學習過程。故選D（例如，使用交互式模擬允許學習者以動手的方式探索概念，并提供及時反饋）。*4.A*解析思路：根據最后一段“thechallengeforeducatorsandinstructionaldesigners,then,istofindtherightbalance.Theyneedtoleveragethepotentialofeducationaltechnologytoenhancelearningwithoutinadvertentlyincreasingcognitiveloadtoapointwhereitbecomesabarrier.”可知，然后，教育者和教學設計師的挑戰(zhàn)是找到正確的平衡。他們需要利用教育技術的潛力來增強學習，而不會無意中增加認知負荷，使其成為障礙。故選A（找到平衡，既利用技術優(yōu)勢又不增加認知負荷成為障礙）。*5.E*解析思路：根據第三段“Theword"mitigate"inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:”以及上下文“...educationaltechnologycanalsobeusedto______cognitiveload.”可知，文章提到技術可以用來“relieve”或“reduce”認知負荷。故選E（減輕）。*Passage26.C*解析思路：文章首段引出AI在醫(yī)療領域的應用，第二段舉例說明AI在心臟病和腫瘤領域的應用，第三段轉折指出應用AI也帶來倫理和實踐問題。故文章主要目的是介紹AI在醫(yī)療領域的應用及其挑戰(zhàn)。故選C（介紹AI在醫(yī)療領域的應用及其挑戰(zhàn)）。*7.B*解析思路：根據第二段“Instance,AIalgorithmshavebeenusedtopredicttheriskofheartdiseasebyanalyzingpatientdatasuchasage,cholesterollevels,bloodpressure,andsmokinghistory.Byidentifyinghigh-riskpatientsearly,healthcareproviderscanimplementtargetedinterventionstopreventormitigatetheprogressionofthedisease.Similarly,AIhasbeenemployedinoncologytopredictthelikelihoodofcancerrecurrencebasedontumorcharacteristicsandpatienthistory,allowingforpersonalizedtreatmentplans.”可知，AI可用于通過分析患者數據預測心臟病風險，或根據腫瘤特征和病史預測癌癥復發(fā)的可能性，從而實現個性化治療計劃。故選B（通過分析患者數據預測疾病風險，實現個性化治療等）。*8.A*解析思路：根據第三段“However,theintegrationofAIintohealthcarealsoraisesseveralethicalandpracticalconsiderations.Onemajorconcernistheissueofdataprivacyandsecurity.TheuseofAIrequiresaccesstolargeamountsofsensitivepatientdata,raisingquestionsabouthowthisdatacanbeprotectedandhowpatients'consentcanbeobtained.”可知，AI融入醫(yī)療也引發(fā)倫理和實踐問題，主要擔憂是數據隱私和安全問題。故選A（數據隱私和安全問題）。*9.B*解析思路：根據第七段“Theword"mitigated"intheseventhparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:”以及上下文“...thepredictionsgeneratedbytheAImaybeskewedtowardscertaingroups,leadingtounequalaccesstocare.”可知，文章提到AI預測可能偏向某些群體，導致醫(yī)療保健機會不平等。故選B（減輕）。*10.D*解析思路：根據最后一段“Furthermore,theintegrationofAIintohealthcaresystemsrequiressignificantinvestmentininfrastructureandtraining.HealthcareprovidersneedtobeequippedtointerpretandutilizeAI-generatedpredictionseffectively,andhealthcaresystemsneedtobeupdatedtoincorporateAItoolsseamlessly.”可知，整合AI到醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)需要大量基礎設施投資和培訓，醫(yī)療保健提供者需要能夠有效解釋和利用AI生成的預測，醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)需要更新以無縫整合AI工具。故選D（需要大量基礎設施投資和培訓）。*Passage311.A*解析思路：文章首段提出混合工作模式的概念及其益處，第二段轉折指出混合工作帶來的挑戰(zhàn)，如溝通減少、工作生活界限模糊等，第三段提出應對這些挑戰(zhàn)的政策和實踐。故文章主要圍繞混合工作模式展開，探討了其益處和挑戰(zhàn)。故選A（探討混合工作模式的概念、益處和挑戰(zhàn)）。*12.C*解析思路：根據首段“Hybridworkmodels,whichcombineremoteworkwithtraditionalin-officework,offerseveralpotentialbenefitsforbothemployeesandemployers.Foremployees,hybridworkcanprovidegreaterflexibilityintermsofwhereandwhentheywork,leadingtoimprovedwork-lifebalanceandincreasedjobsatisfaction.Foremployers,hybridworkcanreducecommutingcosts,expandthetalentpoolbyenablingthehiringofremoteworkers,andpotentiallyincreaseemployeeproductivity.”可知，混合工作模式對員工和雇主都有潛在益處，對員工而言，它可以提供更大的靈活性，改善工作與生活的平衡，并提高工作滿意度。故選C（為員工提供更大的靈活性，改善工作與生活的平衡等）。*13.B*解析思路：根據第二段“However,thetransitiontohybridworkhasnotbeenwithoutitschallenges.Oneoftheprimaryconcernsisthepotentialfordecreasedcollaborationandcommunicationamongteammemberswhoarenotphysicallypresentintheoffice.Thiscanleadtofeelingsofisolationanddisconnection,whichcannegativelyimpactteammoraleandproductivity.”可知，轉向混合工作并非沒有挑戰(zhàn)，主要擔憂是導致不在辦公室的團隊成員之間協(xié)作和溝通減少。故選B（團隊成員之間協(xié)作和溝通減少）。*14.D*解析思路：根據第一段“Theconceptof"hybridwork"hasgainedsignificant______inrecentyears,asorganizationsaroundtheworldhaveexploredalternativeworkarrangementsinresponsetotheCOVID-19pandemic.”以及上下文可知，混合工作概念近年來獲得了顯著的發(fā)展。故選D（發(fā)展）。*15.F*解析思路：根據最后一段“Toaddressthesechallenges,organizationsneedtoimplementthoughtfulpoliciesandpracticesthatsupportasuccessfulhybridworkenvironment.Thiscanincludeestablishingclearcommunicationprotocols,providingemployeeswiththenecessarytoolsandresourcestoworkremotelyeffectively,andfosteringacultureoftrustandflexibility.”可知，支持成功混合工作環(huán)境的一個關鍵因素是培養(yǎng)一種信任和靈活的文化。故選F（培養(yǎng)一種信任和靈活的文化）。*PartTwoTranslationThetraditionalChinesecultureemphasizesharmonyandbalance,believingthatindividuals,society,andnatureshouldrelyonandcoexistharmoniously.ThisthoughthashadaprofoundimpactonChinesehistory,shapingthevaluesandbehavioralnormsoftheChinesenation.Inmodernsociety,withtherapiddevelopmentofglobalizationandmodernization,traditionalcultureisfacingnewchallengesandopportunities.Inordertomaintainculturaldiversityanduniqueness,weneedtoinheritandpromotetraditionalculturewhileactivelyabsorbingtheoutstandingach