2025年雅思生物試題題庫及答案

一、單項選擇題（每題2分，共10題）1.Whichofthefollowingisaprimaryfunctionofchloroplastsinplantcells?A.ProteinsynthesisB.PhotosynthesisC.DNAreplicationD.CelldivisionAnswer:B2.Theprocessbywhichplantsconvertlightenergyintochemicalenergyisknownas:A.RespirationB.FermentationC.PhotosynthesisD.NitrogenfixationAnswer:C3.Whichofthefollowingisakeycomponentofthecellwallinplantcells?A.CholesterolB.CelluloseC.KeratinD.CollagenAnswer:B4.Thegeneticmaterialthatisfoundinthenucleusofeukaryoticcellsis:A.RNAB.DNAC.ProteinsD.LipidsAnswer:B5.Whichofthefollowingisaproductofcellularrespiration?A.GlucoseB.OxygenC.CarbondioxideD.EthanolAnswer:C6.Theprocessbywhichcellsdividetoproducenewcellsiscalled:A.MitosisB.MeiosisC.FertilizationD.PhotosynthesisAnswer:A7.Whichofthefollowingisamajorfunctionofthemitochondriaincells?A.ProteinsynthesisB.EnergyproductionC.DNAreplicationD.CellsignalingAnswer:B8.Theprocessbywhichplantsabsorbwaterandmineralsfromthesoiliscalled:A.PhotosynthesisB.RespirationC.AbsorptionD.TranspirationAnswer:C9.WhichofthefollowingisaprimaryfunctionoftheGolgiapparatusincells?A.ProteinsynthesisB.ProteinmodificationandpackagingC.DNAreplicationD.CelldivisionAnswer:B10.Theprocessbywhichplantsreleasewatervaporintotheatmosphereiscalled:A.PhotosynthesisB.RespirationC.TranspirationD.AbsorptionAnswer:C二、多項選擇題（每題2分，共10題）1.Whichofthefollowingarecomponentsofthecellmembrane?A.PhospholipidsB.ProteinsC.CarbohydratesD.LipidsAnswer:A,B,C,D2.Whatarethestagesofphotosynthesis?A.Light-dependentreactionsB.Light-independentreactionsC.ElectrontransportchainD.CalvincycleAnswer:A,B,D3.Whichofthefollowingarefunctionsofthemitochondria?A.EnergyproductionB.ProteinsynthesisC.DNAreplicationD.CellsignalingAnswer:A,D4.Whatarethemaintypesofcells?A.ProkaryoticcellsB.EukaryoticcellsC.PlantcellsD.AnimalcellsAnswer:A,B,C,D5.Whichofthefollowingarepartsofthecellnucleus?A.ChromosomesB.NucleolusC.NuclearenvelopeD.MitochondriaAnswer:A,B,C6.Whataretheproductsofcellularrespiration?A.GlucoseB.OxygenC.CarbondioxideD.ATPAnswer:C,D7.Whichofthefollowingarefunctionsoftheendoplasmicreticulum?A.ProteinsynthesisB.LipidsynthesisC.ProteinmodificationD.TransportofmaterialsAnswer:A,B,C,D8.Whatarethestagesofcelldivision?A.ProphaseB.MetaphaseC.AnaphaseD.TelophaseAnswer:A,B,C,D9.Whichofthefollowingarecomponentsofthecytoskeleton?A.MicrotubulesB.MicrofilamentsC.IntermediatefilamentsD.CentriolesAnswer:A,B,C,D10.Whatarethefunctionsofhormonesinplants?A.GrowthregulationB.DevelopmentC.ResponsetostressD.ReproductionAnswer:A,B,C,D三、判斷題（每題2分，共10題）1.Photosynthesisoccursinthemitochondriaofplantcells.False2.Thecellwallispresentinanimalcellsbutnotinplantcells.False3.DNAisthegeneticmaterialfoundinthenucleusofeukaryoticcells.True4.Cellularrespirationproducesoxygenasabyproduct.False5.Mitosisresultsintheproductionoffourgeneticallyidenticaldaughtercells.False6.TheGolgiapparatusisresponsibleforproteinsynthesis.False7.Transpirationistheprocessbywhichplantsabsorbwaterfromthesoil.False8.Thecellmembraneiscomposedmainlyoflipidsandproteins.True9.Thecytoskeletonisresponsibleformaintainingcellshapeandstructure.True10.Hormonesinplantsregulategrowth,development,andreproduction.True四、簡答題（每題5分，共4題）1.Describetheprocessofphotosynthesisinplants.Photosynthesisistheprocessbywhichplantsconvertlightenergyintochemicalenergy.Itoccursinthechloroplastsandinvolvestwomainstages:thelight-dependentreactionsandthelight-independentreactions(Calvincycle).Duringthelight-dependentreactions,lightenergyiscapturedbychlorophyllandusedtoproduceATPandNADPH.Theseenergy-richmoleculesarethenusedintheCalvincycletoconvertcarbondioxideintoglucose.2.Explainthefunctionofthemitochondriaincells.Themitochondriaareoftenreferredtoasthe"powerhouses"ofthecellbecausetheygeneratemostofthecell'ssupplyofadenosinetriphosphate(ATP),usedasasourceofchemicalenergy.Theyalsoplayaroleincellsignaling,cellulardifferentiation,celldeath,aswellasthecontrolofthecellcycleandcellgrowth.3.Describethestructureandfunctionofthecellwallinplantcells.Thecellwallisarigidlayerthatsurroundsthecellmembraneinplantcells.Itisprimarilycomposedofcellulose,hemicellulose,andpectin.Thecellwallprovidesstructuralsupport,protection,andhelpsmaintaintheshapeofthecell.Italsopreventsexcessivewateruptakeandcelllysis.4.Explaintheprocessofcelldivisionanditssignificance.Celldivisionistheprocessbywhichaparentcelldividesintotwoormoredaughtercells.Therearetwomaintypesofcelldivision:mitosisandmeiosis.Mitosisresultsintheproductionoftwogeneticallyidenticaldaughtercells,whilemeiosisresultsintheproductionoffourgeneticallydiversedaughtercells.Celldivisionisessentialforgrowth,repair,andreproductioninmulticellularorganisms.五、討論題（每題5分，共4題）1.Discusstheimportanceofphotosynthesisintheecosystem.Photosynthesisiscrucialfortheecosystemasitistheprimarysourceofoxygenintheatmosphere.Italsoformsthebaseofthefoodchainbyconvertingsolarenergyintochemicalenergystoredinglucose,whichisthenusedbyotherorganisms.Withoutphotosynthesis,theenergyflowintheecosystemwouldbedisrupted,leadingtoacollapseofthefoodchainandadecreaseinoxygenlevels.2.Discusstheroleofhormonesinplantgrowthanddevelopment.Hormonesplayavitalroleinplantgrowthanddevelopment.Theyregulatevariousprocessessuchascelldivision,elongation,anddifferentiation.Forexample,auxinspromotecellelongationandareinvolvedinphototropismandgravitropism.Gibberellinsstimulatestemelongationandseedgermination.Cytokininspromotecelldivisionandareinvolvedinrootandshootgrowth.Abscisicacidregulatesseeddormancyandstressresponses.Thesehormonesworktogethertoensurepropergrowthanddevelopmentoftheplant.3.Discussthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenprokaryoticandeukaryoticcells.Prokaryoticandeukaryoticcellsarethetwomaintypesofcells.Similaritiesincludethepresenceofacellmembrane,cytoplasm,andribosomes.However,therearesignificantdifferences.Prokaryoticcellsaresimplerandsmaller,lackinganucleusandothermembrane-boundorganelles.Theyhaveacellwallmadeofpeptidoglycan,whileeukaryoticcellshaveavarietyoforganellessuchasthenucleus,mitochondria,andendoplasmicreticulum.Eukaryoticcells