通遼市中醫(yī)院輸血醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)術(shù)語(yǔ)考核一、單項(xiàng)選擇題（每題2分，共20題）1.Whatisthemedicaltermfortheprocessofremovingbloodfromthebodytotreatorstudyit?A.HemoglobinemiaB.HemapheresisC.HemostasisD.Hemorrhage-答案：B-解析：Hemapheresis（血液透析/血漿置換）是指通過(guò)儀器分離血液中的特定成分（如血小板、血漿等）的治療或研究過(guò)程。2.Whichtermreferstotheconditionwherethebloodhasanabnormallyhighconcentrationofredbloodcells?A.AnemiaB.ThrombocytopeniaC.PolycythemiaD.Leukemia-答案：C-解析：Polycythemia（紅細(xì)胞增多癥）是指血液中紅細(xì)胞數(shù)量異常增多，可能導(dǎo)致血液黏稠度增加。3.Whatisthetermfortheblood-clottingdisordercausedbyadeficiencyofvitaminK?A.ErythroblastosisB.HemophiliaC.ThrombocytopeniaD.Sicklecelldisease-答案：B-解析：Hemophilia（血友?。┦且环N遺傳性出血性疾病，由于凝血因子缺乏導(dǎo)致出血不止。4.Whichtermdescribestheprocessofmatchingdonorbloodwithrecipientbloodtype?A.CrossmatchingB.TypingC.Antigen-antibodyreactionD.Hemostasis-答案：A-解析：Crossmatching（交叉配血）是指將供血者的血液與受血者的血液混合，以確認(rèn)無(wú)免疫反應(yīng)，確保輸血安全。5.WhatisthemedicaltermforthebloodgroupsystemthatincludesA,B,AB,andOtypes?A.RhsystemB.ABOsystemC.HLAsystemD.Kellsystem-答案：B-解析：ABOsystem（ABO血型系統(tǒng)）是根據(jù)紅細(xì)胞表面抗原（A、B、AB、O）分類的血型系統(tǒng)。6.Whichtermreferstotheriskofatransfusionreactioncausedbyantibodiesagainstdonorredbloodcells?A.HemolysisB.CoagulationC.HemostasisD.Leukopenia-答案：A-解析：Hemolysis（溶血）是指紅細(xì)胞被破壞，常由受血者體內(nèi)存在抗供血者紅細(xì)胞的抗體引起。7.Whatisthetermfortheproteinfoundinplasmathathelpsformbloodclots?A.AlbuminB.GlobulinC.FibrinogenD.Immunoglobulin-答案：C-解析：Fibrinogen（纖維蛋白原）是血漿中的一種蛋白質(zhì)，在凝血過(guò)程中轉(zhuǎn)化為纖維蛋白，形成血凝塊。8.Whichtermdescribestheconditionwherethebloodhasanabnormallylowconcentrationofplatelets?A.ThrombocytosisB.LeukocytosisC.ThrombocytopeniaD.Erythrocytosis-答案：C-解析：Thrombocytopenia（血小板減少癥）是指血小板數(shù)量異常減少，可能導(dǎo)致出血傾向。9.Whatisthetermforthebloodtestthatidentifiesthepresenceofantibodiesintherecipient'sblood?A.BloodtypingB.AntibodyscreenC.CrossmatchingD.Completebloodcount-答案：B-解析：Antibodyscreen（抗體篩查）是檢測(cè)受血者血漿中是否存在不規(guī)則抗體的血液檢查。10.Whichtermreferstotheprocessofdestroyingredbloodcellsinthebody?A.HemolysisB.ErythropoiesisC.LeukopoiesisD.Thrombopoiesis-答案：A-解析：Hemolysis（溶血）是指紅細(xì)胞在體內(nèi)被破壞的過(guò)程，常由免疫反應(yīng)或藥物引起。二、多項(xiàng)選擇題（每題3分，共10題）1.Whichofthefollowingarecommoncausesoftransfusionreactions?A.HemolysisB.InfectionC.Acuterespiratorydistresssyndrome(ARDS)D.Transfusion-relatedimmunomodulation(TRIM)-答案：A、B、D-解析：Hemolysis（溶血）、感染和TRIM（輸血相關(guān)免疫調(diào)節(jié)）是常見(jiàn)的輸血反應(yīng)原因。2.Whichbloodgroupsystemsareusedtodeterminebloodcompatibility?A.ABOsystemB.RhsystemC.HLAsystemD.Kellsystem-答案：A、B、C-解析：ABO系統(tǒng)、Rh系統(tǒng)和HLA系統(tǒng)是確定血型兼容性的主要血型系統(tǒng)。3.Whatarethesignsandsymptomsofatransfusionreaction?A.FeverB.ChillsC.HypotensionD.Hemolysis-答案：A、B、C-解析：發(fā)熱、寒戰(zhàn)和低血壓是輸血反應(yīng)的常見(jiàn)癥狀。4.Whichtestsaretypicallyperformedbeforeabloodtransfusion?A.Completebloodcount(CBC)B.BloodtypingC.AntibodyscreenD.Crossmatching-答案：A、B、C、D-解析：輸血前通常需要進(jìn)行CBC、血型鑒定、抗體篩查和交叉配血。5.Whatarethefunctionsofplateletsintheblood?A.ClotformationB.BloodcoagulationC.ImmuneresponseD.Oxygentransport-答案：A、B-解析：血小板的主要功能是促進(jìn)凝血和止血。6.Whichconditionsmayrequireabloodtransfusion?A.AnemiaB.HemorrhageC.LeukemiaD.Sicklecelldisease-答案：A、B、C、D-解析：貧血、出血、白血病和鐮狀細(xì)胞病等疾病可能需要輸血治療。7.Whatarethecomponentsofabloodtransfusion?A.RedbloodcellsB.PlateletsC.PlasmaD.Whitebloodcells-答案：A、B、C-解析：血液成分輸血通常包括紅細(xì)胞、血小板和血漿。8.Whichlaboratorytestsareusedtomonitorabloodtransfusion?A.VitalsignsB.CBCC.BloodgasanalysisD.Coagulationstudies-答案：A、B、C、D-解析：輸血期間需要監(jiān)測(cè)生命體征、CBC、血?dú)夥治龊湍δ堋?.Whatarethecomplicationsofbloodtransfusion?A.InfectionB.AcutelunginjuryC.HemolysisD.Transfusion-relatedimmunomodulation-答案：A、B、C、D-解析：輸血可能引發(fā)感染、急性肺損傷、溶血和TRIM等并發(fā)癥。10.Whichfactorsinfluencethechoiceofbloodproductsfortransfusion?A.BloodtypecompatibilityB.Patient'sclinicalconditionC.VolumeofbloodneededD.Availabilityofbloodproducts-答案：A、B、C、D-解析：選擇血液制品需考慮血型兼容性、患者臨床狀況、所需血量及血液庫(kù)存。三、填空題（每空2分，共15空）1.Theprocessofmatchingdonorandrecipientbloodtypesiscalled_________.-答案：Crossmatching-解析：交叉配血是確保輸血安全的重要步驟。2.ThemedicaltermforthebloodgroupsystemthatincludesA,B,AB,andOtypesisthe_________system.-答案：ABOsystem-解析：ABO系統(tǒng)是臨床上最常用的血型系統(tǒng)。3.Theconditionwherethebloodhasanabnormallyhighconcentrationofredbloodcellsiscalled_________.-答案：Polycythemia-解析：紅細(xì)胞增多癥會(huì)導(dǎo)致血液黏稠度增加，增加血栓風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。4.Theproteininplasmathathelpsformbloodclotsiscalled_________.-答案：Fibrinogen-解析：纖維蛋白原是凝血過(guò)程中的關(guān)鍵物質(zhì)。5.Themedicaltermfortheriskofatransfusionreactioncausedbyantibodiesagainstdonorredbloodcellsis_________.-答案：Hemolysis-解析：溶血反應(yīng)是輸血最常見(jiàn)的并發(fā)癥之一。6.Thetestthatidentifiesthepresenceofantibodiesintherecipient'sbloodiscalleda_________.-答案：Antibodyscreen-解析：抗體篩查有助于預(yù)防輸血反應(yīng)。7.Theprocessofdestroyingredbloodcellsinthebodyiscalled_________.-答案：Hemolysis-解析：溶血可能導(dǎo)致貧血或其他并發(fā)癥。8.Themedicaltermfortheblood-clottingdisordercausedbyadeficiencyofvitaminKis_________.-答案：Hemophilia-解析：血友病是一種常見(jiàn)的遺傳性出血性疾病。9.Thetermforthebloodtestthatdeterminesapatient'sbloodtypeis_________.-答案：Bloodtyping-解析：血型鑒定是輸血前的必要步驟。10.Theconditionwherethebloodhasanabnormallylowconcentrationofplateletsiscalled_________.-答案：Thrombocytopenia-解析：血小板減少癥可能導(dǎo)致出血傾向。11.Thetermfortheprocessofremovingbloodfromthebodytotreatorstudyitis_________.-答案：Hemapheresis-解析：血液透析是治療某些血液疾病的方法。12.ThebloodgroupsystemthatincludesRhfactoriscalledthe_________system.-答案：Rhsystem-解析：Rh因子是決定血型兼容性的重要因素。13.Thetermfortheriskofatransfusionreactioncausedbyamismatchedbloodtypeis_________.-答案：Hemolytictransfusionreaction-解析：溶血性輸血反應(yīng)是嚴(yán)重的輸血并發(fā)癥。14.Thetermfortheproteinfoundinplasmathathelpsmaintainbloodvolumeis_________.-答案：Albumin-解析：白蛋白是血漿中的主要蛋白質(zhì)，有助于維持血容量。15.Themedicaltermfortheprocessofproducingredbloodcellsinthebonemarrowis_________.-答案：Erythropoiesis-解析：紅細(xì)胞生成是維持血液攜氧能力的關(guān)鍵過(guò)程。四、簡(jiǎn)答題（每題5分，共5題）1.Whatisthepurposeofbloodtypingbeforeatransfusion?-答案：Bloodtypingensurescompatibilitybetweenthedonorandrecipient,reducingtheriskofatransfusionreaction.ItidentifiesthepresenceofA,B,AB,orOantigensonredbloodcellsandRhfactor,helpingtopreventhemolysisorimmunereactions.-解析：血型鑒定確保供血者和受血者血型兼容，降低輸血反應(yīng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。通過(guò)識(shí)別紅細(xì)胞表面的A、B、AB或O抗原及Rh因子，可預(yù)防溶血或免疫反應(yīng)。2.Whatarethecommonsignsandsymptomsofatransfusionreaction?-答案：Commonsignsincludefever,chills,hypotension,shortnessofbreath,chestpain,backpain,andhemolysis.Othersymptomsmayincludeurticaria(hives)orjointpain.-解析：常見(jiàn)癥狀包括發(fā)熱、寒戰(zhàn)、低血壓、呼吸困難、胸痛、背痛和溶血。其他癥狀可能包括蕁麻疹或關(guān)節(jié)痛。3.HowdoestheABOsystemdeterminebloodcompatibility?-答案：TheABOsystemclassifiesbloodintoA,B,AB,orObasedonantigensonredbloodcellsandantibodiesinplasma.TypeAhasAantigensandanti-Bantibodies;typeBhasBantigensandanti-Aantibodies;typeABhasbothantigensandnoantibodies;typeOhasnoantigensandbothanti-Aandanti-Bantibodies.Compatibilityrequiresmatc