考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷16（共9

套）

（共195題）

考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷第1套

一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）（本題共2。題，每題1.0

分,共20分。）

Overfishingofoneoftheocean'stoppredatorshastriggeredalethalchainreactionthat

threatenstodecimatepopulationsofbayscallops,oysters,andclams,warnsanewstudy.

Plungingpopulationsof11largesharkspecieshavecausedaspikeinthenumbersof

（heirprey,includingsmallersharks,rays,andskates.Thesecreaturesinturnarewiping

outothermarineorganismsandmaybedestroyingseagrasshabitat,whichservesasa

nurseryformanyspecies.Sharkshavehadaroughfewdecades.Demandfortheir1ms

andmeathasresultedinincreasingexploitation,andthecreaturesareoftenaccidentally

capturedbyswordfishandtunafishers.Asmanyas73millionsharksarekilledannually,

andpaststudieshaveindicatedmanypopulationshavebeencutbyhalf.Nonetheless,

scientistshavehaddifficultygaugingthedeclineinseveralsharkspeciesovertheyears

becauseofalackofdata.Theeffectofthisdeclineonoceanecosystemshasalsoproven

hardtomeasure.Togetabettergripontheproblem,marinebiologistJuliaBaumof

DalhousicUniversityinHalifax,Canada,andcolleaguestrawled35yearsofmarine

surveysandfisheriesdatatodocumentdeclinesinlargesharksofftheeasternseaboardof

theU.S.Thenumbers,reportedtodayinScience,arestark:Theblacktipshark

populationhasplummeted93%since1972,withsimilardeclinesfortiger,bull,and

smoothhammerheadsharks.Simultaneously,theabundanceof12ofthe14speciesthat

thesesharkspreyon-includingthelittleskate,thechaincatshark,andthecownose

ray—increaseddramatically.Thelatterhasseenitsnumbersswell（enfold.Thejumpin

raynumbersisespeciallytroubling,notescoauthorandmarinebiologistCharles

PetersonoftheUniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHill,becausethefishshredthesea

grassthathousescrabsandclams.Infact,henotes,by2004raypredationhadshutdown

NorthCarolina'scentuiy-oldbayscallopfishery.The11othersharkpreyspecieswhose

populationsroseoverthe35-yearperiodcouldbehavingsimilarimpactstothatofthe

cownoseray,saysBaum."Theresultisprofound"becausethehighdiversityoffishesin

thenorthwestAtlantichasbeenthoughttominimizecatastrophicchangesinthefood

web,saysmarinescientistKennethFrankoftheBedfordInstituteofOceanographyin

Danmouth,Canada.Sharksareonlypanof(hepuzzle,however,Frankwarns.People's

appetitesforoysters,clams,andscallopsarelikelyhavingamoredirectimpactonthese

populations,hesays.

1、Theoverfishingofsharksmayresultin.

A、theabundanceofseagrasshabitat

B、theruinofnurseryformanymarinespecies

C^theobviousincreaseofmostmarinespecies

D、thehugedeclineofthepopulationsoftheirprey

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第一段最后一句中的“Thesecreatures...maybedestroyingseagrass

habitat,whichscrvcsasanurseryformanyspecies^,B應(yīng)為答案“

2、Whatcontributesmosttotheoverfishingofsharksis,

A、thesharksaccidentallycapturedbytunafishers

B、theroughfewdecades(halsharkshavesuffered

C、thecvcr-incrcasingdemandfortheirfinsandmeat

D、themillionsofsharkskilleddeliberatelyeachyear

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第二段第二句"Demandfortheirfinsandmeathasresultedin

increasingexploitation,…“，C應(yīng)為答案。

3、JuliaBaumstudiedmarinesurveysandfisheriesdatainorderto,

A^provethefactthatsharkpopulationshavefallensharply

B、castlightontheeffectofsharkdeclineonoceanecosystrems

C^documentthesharkspecieswhichhavedeclinedmostrapidly

D、understandthesubtlerelationshipbetweenpredatorsandprey

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第二最后一句"Theeffectofthisdeclineonoceanecosystemshas

alsoprovenhardtomcasurcM,以及第三段第一句"Togetabettergripontheproblem,

marinebiologistJuliaBaum...trawled35yearsofmarinesurveysandfisheries

data...”，B應(yīng)為答案。

4、Therapidincreaseofthecownoserayresultsfrom.

A、(hetenfoldincreaseofitsnumbersinashorttime

B、theabundanceofthe12speciesthatsharkspreyon

C、thetremendousdeclineofthenumberofitspredators

D、thedeclineofsharksoff(heeasternseaboardofAmerica

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第一段第二句"Plungingpopulationsof11largesharkspecieshave

causedaspikeinthenumbersoftheirprey,including...rays.以及第四段第一句

“…iheabundanceof...speciesthatthesesharkspreyon—including...thecownoseray—

increaseddramatically**,C應(yīng)為答案。

5、Thepopulationsofbayscallops,oysters,andclamsarethreateneddirectlyby.

A^thehighdiversityoffishesinthenorthwestAtlantic

B、thecatastrophicchangesin(hefoodwebintheAtlantic

C^thelethalreactiontriggeredbytheoverfishingofsharks

D、thestrongdesireofmanypeopleforthemastheirdeliciousfood

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)本文最后一句"People'sappetitesfbroysters,clams?andscallops

arelikelyhavingamoredirectimpactonthesepopulations,hesays"，D應(yīng)為答案。

DeaneBrownstartedherlegalcareeratahigh-poweredfirmthattopsmanynewlawyers'

listsofbestplacestowork.ButwhenherdaughterMorganwasbornin1996.theBoston

UniversityLawSchoolgradworkednightsandweekendstomeetthebilling

requirements,leavingherfeelingcheated."Atthatpoint,IknewIneededtogotoa

smallerfilm,“shesays.In2002,shejoinedBeermannSwerdlove,workingin

commerciallitigationandemploymentlaw."Weappreciatethatpeoplehavelivesoutside

oftheofficehere,"shesays.Lawisanotoriouslydemandingprofessionforthosewith

ambition.Tobecomeapartner,associatestypicallyhavetochargeclientsforatleast

2,000hoursofworkayear,thoughthatminimumcanriseto2,400hoursattop-tier

outfits-or46billablehourseachandeveryweekoftheyear.Theburdenfailsespecially

hardonmotherswhohavegotkidstotendtoandhouseholdstomanage.Littlewonder

thatwhilehalfofalllawschoolgradsarcwomen,only17.2%ofpartnersarc,according

totheProjectforAttorneyRetention.BeermannSwcrdlovcliesontheouterslopeofthis

hellcurve.FullyhalfoftheChicagofirm's30attorneysarewomen,includingeightofits

19partners.Thefirm-started50yearsagobyfourDePaulUniversityCollegeofLaw

gradsin(heSwerdlovefamily'ssewing-machineshopinBucktown-didn'tsetouttobe

soegalitarian.Rather,sayspartnerMilesBeermann,i(happenedbecauseheandtheother

foundershadadifferentattitudeaboutwork."Ididn'teverwanttobeinvolvedinrunning

asweatshop."saysBeermann,73."Iwantpeopletowanttocomeherein(hemorning."

Atimelytrendinthelegalbusinesshelped,too.Manywomenwhoenteredlawinthe

early1970sspecializedinfamilylaw,whichwasbecomingoneofthefirin'sspecialties.

TodayabouthalfofBeermannSwere!love'sbusinessisindivorce.Itsclientsaremostly

hoipolloi,butithasrepresentedsuchheadlinersasChicagoBullslegendMichaelJordan,

PamelaHutul,afamilylawyer,joinedBeermannSwerdloveasitsfirstfemalepartnerin

1996.Browncamenext.Toputitsphilosophyintopracticethefirmrequiresassociatesto

billarelativelymodestminimumof1,800hoursayear.Attorneysmayworkona

flexiblescheduleorfromhomeaslongastheworkgetsdoneandtheclientishappy.

Thereisatradeoff;Startingsalariesforassociatesareabouthalfofthebigfirms'

$150,000orso,andpartnersrarelymakethe$1millionorir.orethatapartnermight

earnatamuchlargerfirm.

6、Accordingtothetext,DeaneBrown.

A^wasambitiousforsuccessinhercareer

B、preferredtoworkinalessfamouscompany

C、couldhardlymeetthechallengeofatopfirm

D、wasbothcompetentandhardworkingasalawyer

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:根據(jù)第一段U-的“Buiwhen…in1996?theBostonUniversityLaw

Schoolgradworkednightsandweekendstomeetthebillingrequirements,leavingher

feelingcheated.'Atthatpoint,IknewIneededtogotoasmallerfirm,'shesays"，C

應(yīng)為答案。

7、Theauthorbelievesthatmostgirlgradsfromlawschools.

Asarcnotcompetentenoughtosucceedinthelawbusiness

B、willfailtobecomeapartnerhoweverenergetictheyare

C、willinevitablysacrificetheircareerfortheirfamilylife

D^arereluctanttogiveuplawthoughitismuchdemanding

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:根據(jù)第二段最后一句"Littlewonderthatwhilehalfofalllawschool

gradsarewomen,only17.2%ofpartnersare,accordingtotheProjectforAttorney

Retention.B應(yīng)為答案。

8、Accordingtooneofitsfounders,BeermannSwerdlove.

A^intendedtoequallytreatitsfemaleandmaleemployees

B、usedtoemployDePaulUniversityCollegeofLawgrads

C、specializedincommerciallitigationandemploymentlaw

D、wasestablishedtobelessdemandingthanmostotherfirms

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第三段最后一句Tdidn'teverwanttobeinvolvedinrunninga

sweatshop.,saysBcermann,73.*1wantpeopletowanttocomehereinthe

moming^^^,De為答案。

9、"Hoipolloi"mostprobablyrefersto.

A^thepopulace

B、professionals

C、legendaryfigures

D、peopleseekingdivorce

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第四段中的“Itsclientsaremostlyhoipolloi,butilhasrepresented

suchheadlinersasChicagoBullslegendMichaelJordan",因“but”之后說的是“Michael

Jordan”那樣的名人，故可推出“hoipolloi”指普通人。所以，A應(yīng)為答案。

1。、Accordingtothetext,BeermannSwerdlove.

A、eagerlyputsitsphilosophyintopractice

B、initiatesatimelytrendinthelegalbusiness

C、letsmothersworkhumane,flexibleschedules

D、suitswomanlawyerscontentedwithlowersalaries

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)最后一段第二句"Aiiorneysmayworkonaflexiblescheduleorfrom

homeaslongastheworkgetsdoneandtheclientishappy”,C應(yīng)為答案。

Manyphilosophershavearguedthatpeoplemakedecisionsaboutwhat'srightandwrong

basedonmoralprinciplesandrationalthought.Butotherphilosophers—andmore

recently,somepsychologistsandneuroscientists—havearguedthatthere'smoretothe

story.Whenfacedwithamoraldilemma,thesescholarssay,werelyonemotional

reactionsaswellasourpowersofreasoning.Inastudyofbraindamage,publishedtoday,

neuroscientistsreportevidencethatemotionsindeedexertapowerfulinfluenceonmoral

judgments.Inthenewstudy,AntonioDamasiooftheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia

inLosAngelesandcolleaguesexaminedmoralreasoninginsixpeoplewhohaddamage

totheventromedialprefrontalcortcx(VMPC),abrainregionthatregulatesemotions.The

researcherspresented(hepatientswithmoraldilemmasthatforcedthemtodecide

whetheritwasacceptabletosacrificeoneperson'slifetosaveseveralothers.For

example,participantshadtodecidewhethertoflipaswitchthatdivertsarunawaytrolley

fromatrackleadingtofiveworkerstoatrackleadingtojustoneworker.Theresearchers

alsogaugedthedecisionsof12peoplewithoutbraindamageand12patientswith

damagetobrainregionsunconnected(oemotions.Inthetrolleyscenario,mostpeoplein

allthreegroupssaidilwasokaytofliptheswitch.However,theVMPCpatients'

decisionsdivergedwhenthescenariorequiredinflictingdirectpersonalharmonone

person(osaveseveralothers—suchasshovingalargepersonoffabridgetoslowa

trolleyheadedforfivepeople.Fromastrictlyrationalpointofview,it'sbettertosave

fivepeopleinsteadofone,butthethoughtofpushinganinnocentpersontohisdeathis

emotionallywrenching.Thatmayexplainwhyonlyabout20%ofpeopleinthecontrol

groupssaidthey'dpush.TheVMPCpatients,ontheotherhand,madetheutilitarian

choiceabouttwiceasoften,theresearchersreportonlinetodayinNature.Thefindingsfit

nicelywithotherevidencethatmoraljudgmentsofteninvolveaconflictbetweenemotion

andreasonandthatthosetwocompetinginfluencesrelyondifferentnetworksofbrain

regions,saysJoshuaGreene,aphilosopherandcognitiveneuroscientistatHarvard

University.ButJordanGrafman,acognitiveneuroscientistattheNationalInstituteof

NeurologicalDisordersandStrokeinBethesda,Maryland,isn'tconvinced(hatextreme

moraldilemmasliketheirolleyproblemevokethesamecognitiveprocesses-and

involvethesamebrainregionsasmoraljudgmentsintherealworldinvolve.Evenso,he

says,thestudy"emphasizesthatdisciplinesother(hanphilosophycancontributetoissues

relatedtomoralbehavior."

11、Manyphilosophersbelievethat.

A、mostdecisionsaremademorally

B、fewdecisionsaremadeirrationally

C、decisionsarcmuchinfluencedbyemotions

D^moraljudgmentsareusuallymaderationally

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:根據(jù)第一段第?句"Manyphilosophershavearguedthatpeoplemake

decisionsaboutwhat'srightandwrongbasedonmoralprinciplesandrationalthought”，

D應(yīng)為答案。

12Thetrolleyproblemispresentedtoillustratethat.

A^VMPCisabrainregionthatregulatesemotions

B、moraljudgmentsmaybeinfluencedbyemotions

C、evenpatientswithbraindamagecandealwithmoraldilemmas

D、it'satragedytosacrificeaninnocentpersontosaveseveralothers

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本文第二、三段所引用的“trolleyproblem”用來說明第一段最后一句

“Inastudyofbraindamagedpublishedtoday,neuroscientistsreportevidencethat

emotionsindeedexertapowerfulinfluenceonmoraljudgments”所提出的觀點(diǎn)。所以，

B應(yīng)為答案。

13、Inthetrolleyscenario,mostparticipantsbelievethat.

A、it'srighttofliptheswitchtosavemorepeople

B、il'swrongtopushaninnocentpersontohisdeath

C、it'sbettertosavefivepeoplewithouthurtinganyoneelse

D、it'sridiculousfbrthemtcdecidewhethertofliptheswitch

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第三段第?句“Inthetrolleyscenario,mostpeopleinallthree

groupssaiditwasokaytofliptheswitch'*,A應(yīng)為答案。

14、JordanGrafmanthinksthat.

A^philosophyhelpslittletoaccountfbrmoralbehavior

B、thesamebrainregionsareinvolvedinmoraljudgments

C、moralissueshavenothingtodowithphilosophicalstudy

D^moralissuesusuallyleadtothesamecognitiveprocesses

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)全文最后一句"Evenso,hesays,thestudyEmphasizesthat

disciplinesotherthanphilosophycancontributetoissuesrelatedtomoralbehavior"’,A

應(yīng)為答案。

15、Thebesttitleforthetextshouldbe.

A、TheVMPCPatientswithaMoralDilemma

B、TheConflictbetweenEmotionandReason

C>HowtheHeartCanRuletheHead

D、HowtoFaceaMoralDilemma

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第一段最后一句"Inastudyofbraindamage,publishedtoday,

neuroscientistsreportevidencethatemotionsindeedexertapowerfulinfluenceonmoral

judgments''點(diǎn)明7本文的主題，全文主要討論了“emotions”對(duì)"moraljudgments”的影

響問題，所以，C應(yīng)為答案。

Recentlyamipatentargumenishavebeenadvancedwithregards(oHIVandAIDSdrugs.

GovernmentsandcompaniesinBrazil,India,ThailandandUgandahavestartedto

challengepatentsmonopoliesonmedicine,arguingthathumanlivesaremoreimportant

thanpatents,copyright,internationaltradelaws,andtheeconomicinterestofthe

pharmaceuticalindustry.Anti-retroviraltherapyhaslongbeenunaffordableforpeople

sufferingfromHIV/A1DSindevelopingcountries,andproponentsofgenericantiviral

drugsarguethatthehumanneedjustifiesthebreachofpatentlaw.WhentheThai

GovernmentPharmaceuticalOrganizationstartedproducinggenericantiviraldrugsin

March2002thecostofamonthlytreatmentforonepersonplummetedfrom$500-$750

to$30,hencemakingtreaimemmoreaffordable.InresponsetheUSgovernmentplaced

Thailandonthelistof"copyrightviolators"despitethefactthat(heproductionof

antiviraldrugsisnotsubjecttocopyright,evenintheUnitedStates.In2007the

governmentofBrazildeclaredMerck'sefavirenzanti-retroviraldruga"publicinterest"

medicine,andchallengedMercktonegotiatelowerpriceswiththegovernmentorhave

Brazilstripthepatentbyissuingacompulsorylicense.ItisreportedthatGhana,

Tanzania,theDemocraticRepublicofCongoandEthiopiahavesimilarplanstoproduce

genericantiviraldrugs.Westernpharmaceuticalcompaniesinitiallyrespondedwithlegal

challenges,butsomehavenowpromisedtointroducealternativepricingstructuresfor

developingcountriesandNGOs.Campaignsforaffordableaccesstomedicines,suchas

Oxfam,arguethatdevelopingcountriesaredependentonforeignpharmaceutical

companies.QuotingarecentWorldHealthOrganisationreport,TrevorJonesarguesthat

patentmonopoliesdonotcreatemonopolypricing.Heargues(hatthecompaniesgiven

monopolies"setpriceslargelyonthewillingness/abilitytopay,alsotakingintoaccount

(hecountry,diseaseandregulation"insteadofreceivingcompetitionfromlegalized

generics.UnderWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)rules,adevelopingcountryhasoptions

forobtainingneededmedicationsundercompulsorylicensingorimportationofcheaper

versionsofthedrugs,evenbeforepatentexpiration.InJuly2008NobelPrize-winning

scientistSirJohnSulstoncriticisedthe"moralcorruption"ofthemedicalindustry.

AmongstothersSulstonsaid:hattheworldisatacrisispointintermsofgetting

medicinestosickpeople,particularlyinthedevelopingworld,Sulstoncalledforan

internationalbiomedicaltreatytoclearupissuesoverpatents.Inresponsetothese

criticismsagainstpharmaceuticalpatentsithasbeenpointedoutthatlessthan5%of

medicinesontheWHO'sessentialdrugslistaresubjecttopatentmonopolyandthat

countrieswhobelievethatthesemonopoliesarcimpedinghealthcaremaynotbeaware

thatthemedicinesinquestion,particularlyforHIV/AIDSrelateddrugs,arenotpatented

intheircountry.

16、Infaceofpatentsmonopoliesonmedicine,somepoorcountries.

A^justifiedtheirproductionofantiviraldrugs

B、haveinitiatedanti-patentargumentsrecently

C、areforcedtoproducelow-costantiviraldrugs

D、havepreparedanaffordabletherapyforpatients

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第一段所說的“巴西等發(fā)展中國家政府認(rèn)為人命比專利重要''以及

“泰國自己生產(chǎn)治療艾滋病的藥物使患者看得起病”，C應(yīng)為答案。

17、Thai'sproductionofantiviraldrugs.

A^isjustifiableanddoesnotbreachanycopyright

B、violatescopyrightandinternationaltradelaws

C、challengestheinternationalprestigeoftheUS

D、impelstheUStoissueacompulsorylicense

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第一段中的“…thehumanneedjustifiestlicbreachofpatentlaw”以

及“...theproductionofantiviraldingsisnotsubjecttocopyright,evenintheUnited

Stales”可知，泰國自己生產(chǎn)治療艾滋病的藥物是合理的，不受專利權(quán)約束。所以，

A應(yīng)為答案。

18、Westernpharmaceuticalcompanies.

A、promisetohelpAfrica'sdevelopingcountries

B、guaranteetolowerihepricesofpatenteddrugs

C、challengetheillegalproductionofantiviraldrugs

D、maylowerpricesofantiviraldrugsinpoorcounIries

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第二段最后?句中的“somehavenowpromisedtointroduce

alternativepricingstrucluresfordevelopingcountries…”可知，一些西方醫(yī)藥公司準(zhǔn)備

在發(fā)展中國家采用不同的定價(jià)方法。所以，D應(yīng)為答案。

19、AccordingtotherulesofWTO,.

A、patentsarcgovernedbyinternationalbiomedicaltreaties

B、patientsinpoorcountriesareentitledtoaffordabledrugs

C、themedicalindustryhastoprovidetheneededmedicines

D^patentsmonopoliesonantiviraldrugsmustbeeliminated

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第四段第?句"Under…(WTO)rulcs,adevelopingcountryhas

optionsfbrobtainingnecdedmedications...importationofcheaperversionsofthe

drugs…”可知，依據(jù)WTO規(guī)則，發(fā)展中國家有資格以較低價(jià)格獲得所需藥品。所

以，R應(yīng)為答案。

20、Theauthorarguesthatpharmaceuticalpatents.

A、disallowpoorpeopletouseexistingcreations

B、impedehealthcarenotsoseriouslyassupposed

C、providenecessaryincentivesfbrfutureinventions

D、preventothersfrommakingandsellingcheapdrugs

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)最后一段可知，WTO基本藥物目錄中受專利保護(hù)的藥物不到

5%,特別是與治療艾滋病相關(guān)的藥物在貧窮國家并不受專利保護(hù)。所以，B應(yīng)為

答案。

考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷第2套

一、閱讀(補(bǔ)全短文)(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共

20分。)

Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutseveralthingsthatpeoplewith

anxietyshouldknow.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA-Gforeach

numberedparagraph(l-5).Therearetwoextraheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.

[A]Anxietyhasmanyotherforms.[B]Anxietyisconsideredtobeanormalreactionto

stress.[C]Themostcommonanxietydisorderisgeneralizedanxietydisorder.[DJAnxiety

disorderscanresolvewithtreatment.[E]Anxietyisanormalhumanemotion.[F]Anxiety

canbeeitherashorttcrm"state"oralongterm"trait".[G]Treatmentofanxietydisorders

includespsychotherapyormedication,oracombination.Dr.JeffreyBorcnstcinisthe

medicaldirectorandchiefexecutiveofHolliswoodHospital,aprivatepsychiatric

hospitalinQueens,N.Y.Apsychiatrist,hespecializesinthetreatmentofanxiety

disorders,affectivedisordersandrelatedsubstanceabuseissues.Heisalsochairmanof

(hesectiononpsychiatryattheNewYorkAcademyofMedicineandisthehostofa

publictelevisionseriescalled"HealthyMinds"."Anxietydisordersarecommon,but

mostpeoplethinktheyaretheonlypeopleexperiencingthem,"Dr.Borensteinsaid."If

someonethinksiheyhaveaproblemorafamilymemberhasaproblem,theyprobably

do,andshouldseekhelp."Herearefivethingsthathesayspeoplewithanxietyshould

know.[Cl]Weallexperienceitundercertaincircumstances.Butpeople

whosefeelingsofnervousnessorfearpreventthemfromfunctioningathome,workor

schoolorinsocialsituationsmaybesufferingfromananxietydisorder.Theyshould

seekprofessionalhelp.[C2]Thedegreeoftensioninpeoplewiththis

conditionrangeswidely.Sonicpeoplearcabletowork,buttheydon'tperformatthe

leveltheyarecapableoforavoidtakingonnewresponsibilitiesandchallenging

assignments.Somehaveanxietysoseverethattheycan'tholdajob,can'tsleepandhave

difficultytakingcareofthemselves.Theymayalsohavephysicalsymptomslikesore

muscles,headachesorfeelingsofshakiness.[C3]Inpanicdisorder,people

mayexperienceoverwhelminganddebilitatingsymptoms,includingshortnessofbreath,

apoundingheart,sweatingar.devenchestpain.Somepeoplethinktheyarchavinga

heartattack,butitisreallyapanicattack.Obsessive-compulsivedisorderismarkedby

recurringirrationalfearsthatleadtoobsessivebehaviorslikewashingthehandsor

checkingdoorlocksrepeatedlytocalmanxietyaboutgermsorintruders.Athirdtypeis

post-(raumaticstressdisorder,inwhichrecollectionofapasttraumatriggerssevere

anxiety.[C4]Psychotherapycanhelppatientsidentifythetriggersoftheir

anxiety.Patientscanalsolearnrelaxationandothertechniquestoreducetheintensityof

symptoms.It'simportanttoseekhelpfromaqualifiedprofessionalwithexpertisein

anxiety,becauseanxietydisorderscanbedifficulttodiagnoseormayappearintandem

withothermentalillnesseslikedepressionorbipolardisorderorwithchemical

dependency.[C5]Effectivetreatmentcanleavepatientsfreeofsymptomsand

betterable(omanagetheirpsychologicalresponses.Insomepeoplechangesindiet,like

reducingcaffeine,canbringsignificantrelief.Scientistshavealsofoundacorrelation

betweenexerciseandimprovedbrainfunction,includingthosepartsofthebraininvolved

inmanagingstressors.Theseinsightsmakeitallthemoreimportantthatpeoplesuffering

fromanxietyseekqualifiedprofessionalhelpasquicklyaspossible.

1、【Cl】’

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本段的主要內(nèi)容是說明焦慮是?種正常的情緒，但有些特殊情況會(huì)導(dǎo)

致焦慮癥的發(fā)生，因此選項(xiàng)E“焦慮是人類的正常情緒”與段落內(nèi)容相符，是正確答

案。

2、[C2]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本段的.主要內(nèi)容是描述泛焦慮癥的基本癥狀，故選項(xiàng)C是正確選

項(xiàng)。

3、[C3]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本段主要介紹了情緒恐慌失調(diào)、強(qiáng)迫性神經(jīng)癥和外傷后的壓力失調(diào)的

癥狀及特征，與選項(xiàng)A的內(nèi)容相吻合。故A為正確選項(xiàng)。

4、[C4]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：G

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本段介紹了治療焦慮癥的基本方法：心理療法和藥物療法，并介紹了

遵循焦慮癥專家的治療指導(dǎo)的原因。因此G選項(xiàng)為正確選項(xiàng)。

5、[C51

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本段介紹了有效的治療能夠緩解焦慮癥的癥狀，并艮有研窕表明，焦

慮癥患者應(yīng)尋求焦慮癥專家的專業(yè)治療，這至關(guān)重要。因此選項(xiàng)D與段落內(nèi)容相

符，為正確選項(xiàng)。

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions1-5,choosethe

mostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachof(henumberedblanks.Thereare(wo

extrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyof(heblanks.Studentsapplytocollegeonline,e-

mailtheirpaperstoiheirprofessorsand,when(heywanttobecheeky,passnotesinclass

bytext-messaging.Buithatdoesn'tnecessarilymeantheyhaveahighInternetIQ.

[Cl]OrasLorieRoth,assistantvicechancellorofacademicprogramsat

CaliforniaStateUniversityputsit:"Everysingleonethatcomesthroughthedoorthinks

(hatifyoujustgotoGoogleandgetsomehits—you'vegotmaterialforyourresearch

paperrightthere."That'swhyCalStaleandanumberofothercollegesareworkingwith

ETStocreateatesttoevaluateInternetintelligence,measuringwhetherstudentscan

locateandverifyreliableonlineinformationandwhethertheyknowhowtoproperlyuse

andcreditthematerial.[C21"Ifyoudon'tcometotheuniversitywithit,you

needtoknowthatyouarelackingsomeskillsthateducatedpeopleareexpectedtohave.

"Apreliminaryversionofthenewtest,theInformationandCommunicationTechnology

LiteracyAssessment,wasgivento3,300CalStatestudentsthisspringtoseehowwellit

works,i.e.testingthetest.[C3]Nextyear,thetestisexpectedtobeavailable

forstudentstotakeonavoluntarybasis.CalStateistheleadinstitutioninaconsortium

whichincludesUCLA,theUniversityofLouisville,theCaliforniaCommunityCollege

System,theUniversityofNorthAlabama,theUniversityofTexasSystemandthe

UniversityofWashington.Semeoftheinstitutionsinvolvedareconsideringusingthe

testonincomingstudentstoseeiftheyneedremedialclasses,saysEgan,ETS'project

managerfortheInformationandCommunicationTechnologyLiteracyAssessment.

[C4]RobertJimenez,astudentatCalState-Fullertonwhotook(heprototype

testthisspring,givesitapassinggrade."Itwasprettygoodinthatitallowedustogo

aheadandthinkthroughreal-lifeproblems."[C5]So,aquestiononbeesting

remediespresentsachoiceofsitesrangingfromadstoaforumforherbtreatmentsto(the

correctanswer)alistingfromtheNationalInstitutesofHealth,identifiablebyhaving

"nih"intheURL(siteaddress)alongwiththegov"suffixthatconnotesanofficial

governmentlisting.Hightechhasbeenafixtureofhigheredibrsomeyears.A2002

reportfromthePewInternet&AmericanLifeProjectfoundthat79percentofcollege

InternetusersthoughttheInternethadapositiveimpactontheiracademicexperience.

Morethan70percentusedtheInternetmorethanthelibraryand56