考研英語模擬試卷1（共9套）

(共473題)

考研英語模擬試卷第1套

一、完型填空(本題共20題，每題7.0分，共20分。)

Mostofusaretaughttopayattentiontowhatissaid-thewords.Wordsdoprovideus

withsomeinformation,butmeaningsarc(1)fromsomanyothersourcesthatit

wouldhinderoureffectiveness(2)apartnertoarelationshiptorelytooheavilyon

words(3)Wordsareusedtodescribeonlyasmallpartofthemanyideaswe

associatewithanygiven(4).Sometimeswecangaininsightintosomeofthose

(5)ifwelistenfor(6)words.Wedon'talwayssaywhatwemean(7)

meanwhatwesay.Mostlywemeanseveralthingsatonce.Apersonwantingtopurchase

ahousesaystothecurrentowner."Ihisstephastobefixedbeforei'llbuy".1heowner

says,"It'sbeenlikethatforyears".(8),thestephasn'tbsenlikethatforyears,but

the(9)messageis:"Idon'twanttofixit.Wecanputupwithitwhycan'tyou?"

The(10)foramoreexpansiveviewofmeaningcanbedevelopedbyexamininga

message(11)whosaidit,whenitoccurred,the(12)conditionsorsituation,

andhowitwassaid.Whenamessageoccurscanalso(13)associatedmeaning.A

friend'sunusuallydocilebehaviormayonlybeunderstoodby(14)thatitwas

precededbysituationsthatrequireda(n)(15)amountofassertiveness.Wcwould

dowelltolistenforhowmessageare(16)Thewords,*'itsurehasbeenniceto

haveyouover",canbesaidwith(17)andexcitedorritualistically.Thephrasecan

besaidonceor(18)severaltimes.Andthemeaningweassociatewiththephrase

willchange(19)Sometimesifwesaysomethinginfrequentlyitassumesmoie

importance;sometimesthemorewesaysomethingthe(20)importanceitassumes.

1、Mostofusaretaughttopayattentiontowhatissaid-thewords.Wordsdoprovide

uswithsomeinformation,butmeaningsarc(1)fromscmanyothersourcesthatit

wouldhinderoureffectiveness(2)apartnertoarelationshiptorelytooheavilyon

words(3)Wordsareusedtodescribeonlyasmallpartofthemanyideaswe

associatewithanygiven(4).Sometimeswecangaininsightintosomeof(hose

(5)ifwelistenfor(6)words.Wedon'talwayssaywhatwemean(7)

meanwhatwesay.Mostlywemeanseveralthingsatonce.Apersonwantingtopurchase

ahousesaystothecurrentowner."ThisstephastobefixedbeforeIllbuy".Theowner

says,"It'sbeenlikethatforyears”.(8)一，thestephasn'tbeenlikethatforyears,but

the(9)messageis:"Idon'twanttofixit.Wccanputupwithitwhycan'tyou?"

The(10)foramoreexpansiveviewofmeaningcanbedevelopedbyexamininga

message(11)whosaidit,wheni(occurred,the(12)conditionsorsituation,

andhowitwassaid.Whenamessageoccurscanalso(13)associatedmeaning.A

friend'sunusuallydocilebehaviormayonlybeunderstoodby(14)thatitwas

precededbysituationsthatrequireda(n)(15)amountofassertiveness.Wewould

dowelltolistenforhowmessageare(16)Thewords,*'itsurehasbeenniceto

haveyouover'*,canbesaidwith(17)andexcitedorritualistically.Thephrasecan

besaidonceor(18)severaltimes.Andthemeaningweassociatewiththephrase

willchange(19)Sometimesifwesaysomethinginfrequentlyitassumesmore

importance;sometimesthemorewesaysomethingthe(20)importanceitassumes.

A、omitted

B、resulted

C、dismissed

D、derived

標準答案：D

知識點解析：暫無解析

2、

A、for

B、under

C、as

D、against

標準答案：C

知識點解析：暫無解析

3、

A、aswell

B、alone

C、longbefore

D^(hough

標準答案：B

知識點解析：暫無解析

4、

A、message

B、description

C、statement

D、explanation

標準答案：A

知識點解析：暫無解析

5、

A、associations

appointments

C、appliances

D^agitations

標準答案：A

知識點解析：暫無解析

6、

A、lessthan

B、ratherthan

C、morethan

D^otherthan

標準答案.C

知識點解析：暫無解析

7、

A、orelse

B、or

C、butrather

D、but

標準答案：B

知識點解析：暫無解析

8、

A、Theoretically

B、Ironically

C、Probably

D^Actually

標準答案：D

知識點解析：暫無解析

9、

A^inclined

B、declared

C、implied

D^delivered

標準答案：C

知識點解析：暫無解析

10.

A、search

inquiry

C、worry

D、confusion

標準答案：A

知識點解析：暫無解析

11、

A、intermsof

BNin(helightof

C、inlinewith

D、in(hewakeof

標準答案：A

知識點解析：暫無解析

12、

A、involved

B、included

C、related

D、concerned

標準答案：C

知識點解析：暫無解析

13、

A、uncover

B、expose

C、display

D、reveal

標準答案：D

知識點解析：暫無解析

14、

A、marking

B、noting

C、labeling

D、spotting

標準答案：B

知識點解析：暫無解析

15、

A^complex

B、abnormal

C、moderate

D、ambiguous

標準答案：B

知識點解析：暫無解析

16、

A^offered

B、granted

C、presented

D、agreed

標準答案：C

知識點解析：暫無解析

17、

A^emphasis

B、hesitation

C^interest

D、pressure

標準答案：A

知識點解析：暫無解析

18、

A、renewed

B、recovered

C、repeated

D、restored

標準答案：C

知識點解析：暫無解析

19、

A^unexpectedly

B、occasionally

C、especially

D、accordingly

標準答案：D

知識點解析：暫無解析

20、

A^better

B、less

C、worse

D^more

標準答案：B

知識點解析：暫無解析

二、閱讀(常規(guī)閱讀理解)(本題共20題，每題

分，共20分。)

AfterLosAngeles,AtlantamaybeAmerica'smostcar-dependentcity.Atlantans

sentimentallygivetheircarsnames,comparespeedingticketsandjealouslyguardany

sidestreetwhereitispossibletopark.Thecity'sroadsaresowellwornthatthefirstact

ofthenewmayor,ShirleyFranklin,wastostartrepairingpotholes.In1998,13metro

countieslostfederalhighwayfundsbecausetheirair-pollutionlevelsviolatedtheClean

AirAct.TheAmericanHighwayUsersAlliancerankedthreeAtlantainterchanges

amongthe18worstbottlenecksinthecountry.Othercitiesinthesamefixhave

reorganizedtheirhighways,imposedcommuterandcartaxes,orexpandedtheirpublic-

transportsystems.Atlantadoesnotlikeanyofthesethings.Publictransportisavexed

subject,too.Atlanta'smetropolitanregionisdividedintonumerouscountyandsmaller

citygovernments,whichfindithardtoworktogether.Railwaysnowservethecitycenter

andtheairport,butnotmuchelse;busstopsarcoftennearinvisiblepoles,offeringno

indicationofwhichbusmightstopthere,orwhen.Georgia'sDemocraticgovernor,Roy

Barnes,whohopesfbrreelectioninNovember,hasotherplans.Towinbackthefederal

highwaymoneylostunder(heCleanAirAct,hecreated(heGeorgiaRegional

TransportationAuthority(GRTA).a15-memberboardwiththepowertomake(he

countygovernments,thecityandtheten-countyAtlantaRegionalCommissioncooperate

ontransportplans,whethertheylikei(ornot.NowGRTAhasissueditsownpreliminary

plan,allocatingS4.5billionover(henextthreeyearsforavarietyofschemes.Theplan

earmarksmoneytowidenroads;tohaveanelectricshuttlebusshuttletouristsamongthe

elegantvillasofBuckhead;andtocreateacommuterraillinkbetweenAtlantaand

Macon,twohourstothesouth.Countieswillbeencouraged,withgenerousten-to-one

matchingfunds,tostartexpressbusservices.Publicgoodwillhowever,maynotstretch

asfarasthenextplan,whichistobuildtheNorthernArchighwayfor65milesacross

threecountiesnorthofthecitylimits.GRTAhasallotted$270mforthis.Supporterssay

itwouldeasethecongestiononlocalroads;opponentsthinkitwouldworsenover-

developmentandtraffic.Thecountiesaffected,andevenGRTA'sownboard,aredivided.

Thegovernorisinfavor,however;andsincehecanappointandfireGRTA'Smembers,

(hatisprobablytheendof(hestory.Mr.Barneshasatendencytodoashewants,

regardless.Hisarroganceontrafficmatterscouldalsolosehimvotes.ButMr.Barnes

thinkthatAtlanta'sslowingeconomycoulddohimmoreharmthantheanti-sprawl

movement.

21Theauthor'spresentationofAtlanta'scar-dependenceismeant.

A、tobeironic.

B、topokefunto(hem.

C、tobefair.

D、tomakeitnotorious.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：暫無解析

22、Theword"bottleneck"(Para.1)bestconnotes.

A^toviolatethelaw.

B、toslackthepace.

C、tobestuckintraps.

tobeheldup.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：暫無解析

23、WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedin(hetext?

A、ControversiesexistconcerningthetrafficinAtlanta.

B、ThefederalfundswerelostundertheCleanAirAct.

C、Atlantamustabandonbusesandbuildmorehighways.

D、Thecountygovernmentsshouldlearntobecooperative.

標準答案：C'

知識點解析：暫無解析

24>WhichofthefollowingisNOTpartofthe"anti-sprawlmovement"asplannedby

governorRoyBarnes?

A、HissuccessinreelectioninNovember.

B、Theinitiationofshuttlebustransit.

C、Theallocationofmoneycowidenroads.

D、Theconstructionofacommuterrail.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：暫無解析

25、Itseems(hatthebestsolutionto(hetrafficprobleminAilantaseemstoliein

A、theenforcementoftrafficregulations.

B、theimprovementofitsroadconditions.

C、theincreaseofcommuterandcartaxes.

D、theimprovementofitspublictransports.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：暫無解析

Iftheopinionpollsaretobebelieved,mostAmericansarecomingtotrusttheir

governmentmorethantheyusedto.Thehabithasnotyetspreadwidelyamong

AmericanIndians,whosuspectanorganizationwhichhassooftenpatronizedthem,lied

tothemanddefraudedthem.ButtheIndiansmaysoonwinavictoryinalegalbattlethat

epitomizesthoseabuses.ElouiseCobcll,abankerwhoalsohappenstobeamemberof

theBlackfeettribeinMontana,istheleadingplaintiffinamassiveclass-actionsuit

againstthegovernment.Atissueisupto$10billionintrustpaymentsowedtosome

500,000Indians.ThesuitrevolvesaroundIndividualIndianMoney(1IM)accountsthat

areadministeredby(heInteriorDepartment'sBureauofIndianAffairs(BIA).Backinthe

1880s,thegovernmentdividedmorethan1Imacresoftriballandintoparcelsof80to

160acresthatwereassignedioindividualIndians.Becausetheseparcelswererarely

occupiedbyiheirnewowners,thegovernmentassumedresponsibilityformanaging

them.AstheIndians'trustee,itleasedthelandoutforgrazing,logging,miningandoil

drilling—butitwassupposedtodistributetheroyaltiestotheIndianowners.Infact,

officialsadmitthatroyaltieshavebeenlostorstolen.Recordsweredestroyed,andthe

governmentlosttrackofwhichIndiansownedwhatland.Theplaintiffssaythatmoneyis

owingto500,000Indians,hu:eventhegovernmentacceptsafigureofabout300,000.

Foryears,CobcllheardIndianscomplainofnotgettingpaymentfromthegovernmentfor

theoil-drillingandranchingleasesontheirland.Butnothingmuchgotdone.She

returnedtoWashingtonand,afterabrush-offfromgovernmentlawyers,filed(hesuit.

GaleNorton,GeorgeBush'sinteriorsecretarywaschargedwithcontemptinNovember

becauseherdepartmenthadfailedtofixtheproblem.InDecember,JudgeLamberth

orderedtheinteriorDepartmenttoshutdownallitscomputersfortenweeksbecause

(rust-fundrecordswerevulnerabletohackers.Thesystemwaspartlyrestoredlastmonth

andpaymentstosomeIndians,whichhadbeeninterruptedresumed.Andthatisnotthe

endofit.MsNortonhasproposedthecreationofanewBureauofIndianTrust

Management,separatefromtheBIA.Indiansarecrossthatshesuggestedthiswithout

consultingthem.Somewantthetrustfundstobeplacedinreceivership,undera,neutral

supervisor.OthershavecalledforCongresstoestablishanindependentcommission,

includingIndians,todrawupaplanforreformingthewholesystem.Amessyinjustice

mayatlastbegettingsortedout.

26>Whatisimpliedbutnotstatedin(hefirstsentenceisthatAmericanIndians.

A、expressedtheirgratitudefortheirlawyers.

B、wonavictorybyuseoflegalweapons.

C、havelostconfidenceintheirgovernment.

D、cametobelievethepublicopinionpolls.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：暫無解析

27、Itseemsthattheauthorismostcriticalofthegovernment5s.

A、irresponsibility.

B、interference.

C、bureaucracy.

D,inequality.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：暫無解析

28、Whenmentioning"parcelsof80to160acres",thewriteristalkingabout.

A、oilprospectors.

B、trustpayments.

C、privateproperty.

D、landownership.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：暫無解析

29、Whatis(heattitudeofAmericanIndianstowardsGaleNorton'sproposal?

A^Skeptical.

B、Scornful.

C、Annoyed.

D、Indifferent.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：暫無解析

30、WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingthetext?

A、TrustfundshavebeenplacedinthehandsofAmericanIndians.

PaymentsowedtoAmericanIndianhavebeenindefinitelydelayed.

C、BIAdeliberatelyleavestrust-fundrecordsvulnerabletorisks.

D、AmericanIndiansshouldbecomeincreasinglyvocalforjustice.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：暫無解析

TheEuropeanUnion'sBarcelonasummit,whichendedonMarchI6(h,wasplayedout

againsttheusualbackdropofnoisy"anti-globalization"demonstrationsandmassive

security.Ifnothingelse,thedemonstrationsillustratedthateconomicliberalizationin

Europe—themeeting'smaintopic—presentsgenuinepolitica'difficulties.Influential

sectionsofpublicopinioncontinuetoopposeanythingthattheyimaginethreatens"social

Europe",theidealofacradle-to-gravewelfarestate.Inthisclimateofpublicopinion,it

isnotsurprisingthattheoutcomeinBarcelonawasmodest.Thetotemicissuewas

openingupEurope'senergymarkets.TheFrenchgovernmenthasfoughthardtopreserve

aprotectedmarketathomeforitsstate-ownednationalchampion,ElcctricitcdeFrance

(EDF).AtBarcelonaitmadeawell-flaggedtacticalretreat.Thesummiteersconcluded

thatfrom2004industrialusersacrossEuropewouldbeabletochoosefromcompeting

energysuppliers,whichshouldaccountfor"atleast"60%ofthemarket.SinceEurope's

energymarketisworth350billion($309billion)ayearandaffectsjustaboutevery

business,(hisisabreakthrough.Buteventheenergydealhasdisappointingaspects.

Confiningcompetitiontobusinessusersmakesithardertoshowthateconomic

liberalizationisthefriendratherthanthefoeoftheordinaryperson.ItalsoallowsEDF(o

keepitsmonopolyinthemostpro行tabicchunkoftheFrenchmarket.Inotherareas,

especiallytodowithEurope'stoughlabormarkets,theEUisactuallygoingbackwards.

Thesummiteersdeclaredthat"disincentivesagainsttakingupjobs"shouldberemoved;

20mjobsshouldbecreatedwithintheEUby2010.ButonlythreedaysafteraBarcelona

jamboree,theEuropeanCommissionendorsedanewlawthatwouldgivealltemporary-

agencyworkersthesamerightsasfull-timerswithinsixweeksofgettingtheirfeetunder

thedesk.Sixoutof20commissionersdid,unusually,voteagainstthemeasure—ablatant

pieceofre-regulation—butthesocialaffairscommissioner,AnnaDiamantopoulou,was

unrepentant,indeedtriumphant.Adissatisfiedliberaliserinthecommissioncalledthe

directive"anabsolutedisaster".Thesummit'sotherachievementsarestillmorefragile.

Europe'sleaderspromisedtoincreasespendingon"researchanddevelopment"fromits

currentfigureof1.9%ofGDPayearlo3%.ButhowwillEuropeanpoliticianscompel

businessestoinvestmoreinresearch?Nobodyseemstoknow.Andtheonebigresearch

projectagreedonatBarcelona,theGalileosatellite-positioningsystem,whichis

supposedtocost3.2billionofpublicmoney,isofdubiouscommercialvalue,sincethe

EuropeansalreadyenjoyfreeaccesstotheAmericans'GPAsystem.EdwardBannerman,

headofeconomicsattheCentreforEuropeanReform,aBlairitcthink-tank,callsGalileo

"thecommonagriculturalpolicyinspace".

31、Whatis(hepassagemainlyabout?

A^AreviewofEU'sBarcelonasummit.

B、AboutmeritsofaEU'ssummit.

C>AsurveyofEurope'scompetitors.

D、AbouttheachievementsoftheEU.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：暫無解析

32、Thepubliclaunchedademonstrationsagainstthesummitwithrespect(o.

A、politicaldifficulties.

B、itsstronginfluence.

C、imaginativeideals.

D、itssocialwelfare.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：暫無解析

33、Accordingtothistext,"anti-globalization"isto"liberation"as.

A、securityisto"threats".

B、monopolyisto"competition".

C、publicityisto"privacy".

D、researchisto"development".

標準答案：B

知識點解析：暫無解析

34、WelearnfromthetextthatEdwardBannermanisprobably.

A、anenthusiastinagriculturalpolicy.

B、atoughleaderinsocialaffairs.

C、andoubterofspendingonresearch.

D、apioneerinspaceexploration.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：暫無解析

35、Intheeyesoftheauthor,theEU'sBarcelonasummit.

A^turnedouttoberatherdisappointing.

B、wasasproductiveasexpected.

C、provedtobequitedissatisfactory.

D、wasnotsofruitfulasanticipated.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：暫無解析

Everydaysome16mbarrelsofoilleavetheGulfthroughtheStraitofHormuz.Thatis

enoughtofillasoft-drinkcanforeveiyoneonearth,ortopowereverymotorvehicleon

theplanetfor25miles(40km).Gulfoilaccountsfor40%ofglobaltradeinthesticky

stuff.Moreimportant,itmakesuptwo-thirdsofknowndeposits.Whereasatpresent

productionratestherestoftheworld'soilreserveswilllastforamere25years,theGulfs

willlastfor100.Inotherwonds,theregion'sstrategicimportanceissettogrowand

grow.Oratleastsogoestheconventionalwisdom,whichisusuallyroundedoutwith

scarytalkofunstablesupplies,spendthriftregimesandapotentialfundamentalist

menace.Yetallthosenumberscomewithcaveats.Agreatdealofoilisconsumedbythe

countriesthatproduceitratherthantraded,soinreality(heGulfaccountsforlessthana

quarteroftheworld'sdailyconsumption.Asforreserves,thefiguresareaschangeableas

amirageinthedesert.Themostcomprehensiveresearchavailable,conductedbytheUS

GeologicalSurvey,referstoan"expected"totalvolumeforglobalhydrocarbondeposits

thatisaboutdoublecurrentknownreserves.Usingthatfigure,andthrowinginnatural

gasalongwithoil,itappearsthattheGulfcontainsamoremoderate30%orsoofthe

planet'sfuturefossil-fuelsupplies.LeavingoutthetwoGulfstatesthatarenotcoveredin

thissurvey—IranandIraq-theremainingsixbetweenthemholdsomethinglike20%of

worldhydrocarbonreserves,notmuchmorethanRussia.All:hesame,itisstillahefty

chunk;enough,youmightthink,tokeepthepeoplelivingatopthewellsincomfortfor

theforeseeablefuture.Butyoumightbewrong.Atpresent,thenationsoftheGulf

CooperationCouncilhaveacombinednationalincomeroughlyequaltoSwitzerland's,

butapopulationwhich,ataround30m,ismorethanfourtimesasbig.Itisalsothe

fastest-growingonearth,havingincreasedatninelimes(heSwissrateoverthepast

quarter-century.Meanwhiletheregion'sshareofworldoiltradehasfallen,ashasthe

averagepriceperbarrel.Asaresult,(heincomeperpersongeneratedbyGCCoilexports

hasbeendiminishingsincethe1970s.True,surgingdemandfromAmericaandAsiahas

recentlyboostedtheGulfsshareoftrade,butthemedium-termoutlookforoilpries

remainsweak.Combinedwithcontinuedgrowthinoilconsumption,thisshouldcreate

sustainedupwardpressureonprices.Andhighoilpriceswillspeedthesearchfor

alternatives.Whoknows,in20years'timefuelcellsandhydrogenpowermayhave

startedtobecomecommercialpropositions.

36、In(heeyesof(heauthor,conventionalopiniononthestrategicimportanceofthe

Gulfoilis.

A^reassuring.

B、changeable.

C、paradoxical.

D^exaggerated.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：暫無解析

37^Bymentioning"thefiguresareaschangeableasamirageinthedesert",theauthoris

talkingabout.

A^thewealthypeoplewholiveatopthewellsintheGulf.

B、theplanet'sfuturefbssil-fuelsupplies.

C、theinconsistentestimatesonoildepositsintheGulf.

D、theoiltradedintheinternationalmarkets.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：暫無解析

38、Whensaying"itisstillaheftychunk"(Para.3),theauthorimpliesthat.

A、ThepeopleintheGulfwouldnotbenefitincertainways.

B、TheGulfcountriesarcincomparabletothecountySwiss.

C、Continuedoilconsumptionwillcreatehighpricepressures.

D^Thesearchforotheralternativeswouldendupwithfailures.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：暫無解析

39、ItisgenerallybelievedthatoilproducedintheGulf.

A^willleavethelocalsinimpoverishedconditions.

B、islessthantheassessmentinaconductedresearch.

C、willdiminishtheregion'sstrategicimportance.

D、istradedratherthanconsumedbyitsproducers.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：暫無解析

4。、Towhichofthefollowistheauthorlikelytoagree?

A^Someoftheworld'sbothersomehotspotsareneartheGulf.

B、Oilisbig,butitisnottheonlyreasontotaketheGulfseriously.

C、While(heoilpricekeepsrising,theGulfisanattractivetotraders.

D、Tightenthriftregimesonoilconsumption,thesingleremedy.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：暫無解析

三、閱讀(補全短文)(本題共5題，每題分，共

5分。)

Thefollowingparagraphsarcgiveninawrongorder.Youarcrequiredtoreorganize

theseparagraphsintoacoherenttexthychoosingfromthelistA一G.Thefirstandthe

lastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyous.A.ThestrainofHIVthatwasdiscoveredin

Sydneyintriguesscientistsbecauseitcontainsstrikingabnormalitiesinagenethatis

believedtostimulateviralduplication.Infact,(hevirusismissingsomuchofthis

particulargene—knownasnef,fornegativefactor—thatitishardtoimaginehowthe

genecouldperformanyusefulfunction.Andsureenough,whiletheSydneyvirusretains

theabilitytoinfectTcells—whitebloodcellsthatarecriticaltotheimmunesystem's

abilitytowardoffinfection—itmakessofewcopiesofitselfthatthemostpowerful

moleculartoolscanbarelydetectitspresence.B.Ifthisspeculationprovesright,itwill

markamilestoneinthebattletocontainthelate-20thcentury'smostterribleepidemic.

ForinadditiontoexplainingwhythissmallgroupofpeopleinfectedwithHIVhasnot

becomesick,thediscoveryofaviralstrainthatworkslikeavaccinewouldhavefar-

reachingimplications."Whattheseresultssuggest",saysDr.BarneyGrahamof

Tennessee'sVanderbiltUniversity,HisthatHIVisvulnerableandthatitispossibleto

stimulateeffectiveimmunityagainstit".C.Butassixyearsstretchedto10,thento14,

(heanxietyofhealthofficialsgavewaytoastonishment.Althoughtwooftherecipients

havediedfromothercauses,notoneoftheman'scontaminatedbloodhascomedown

withAIDS.Moretellingstill,thedonorisalsohealthy.Infaclhisimmunesystem

remainsasrobustasifhehadnevertangledwithHIVatall.Whatcouldexplainsuch

unexpectedgoodfortune?D.Attheveryleast,thenefgeneoffersanattractivetargetfor

drugdevelopers.Ifitsactivitycanbeblocked,suggestsDeacon,researchersmightbe

abletobringtheprogressionofdiseaseundercontrol,eveninpeoplewhohave

developedfull-blownAIDS.TheneedforbetterAIDS-fightingdrugswasunderscored

lastweekbytheactionsofaU.S.FoodandDrugAdministrationadvisoiypanel,which,

recommendedspeedyapprovaloftwonewAIDSdrugs.AlthoughFDAcommissioner

DavidKesslerwasquicktopraisethenewdrugs,neithermedicationcanpreventorcure

AIDSonceithastakenhold.Whatscientistsreallywantisavaccinethatcanprevent

infectionaltogether.Andthat'swhatmakestheSydneyvirussopromising-andso

controversial.E.AteamofAustralianscientistshasfinallysolved(hemystery.Thevirus

(hatthedonorcontractedandthenpassedon,the(eamreportedlastweekinthejournal

Science,containsflawsinitsgenelicscriptIhalappeartohaverendereditharmless."Nol

onlyhavetherecipientsand(hedonornotprogressedtodiseasefor15years",marvels

molecularbiologistNicholasDeaconofAustralia'sMacfarlaneBurnetCentrefor

MedicalResearch,"butthepredictionisthattheyneverwill'*.Deaconspeculatesthatthis

"impotent"HIVmayevenbeanaturalinoculantthatprotectsitscarriersagainstmore

virulentstrainsofthevirus.F.Butfewscientistsareenthusiasticabouttestingthe

propositionbyinjectingHIV—howeverweakened—intomillionsofpeoplewhohave

neverbeeninfected.Afterall.theynote,HIVisaretrovirus,aclassofinfectiousagents

knownfortheiralarmingabilitytointegratetheirowngenesintotheDNAofthecells

theyinfect.Thusonceittakeseffect,aretrovirusinfectionispermanent.G.About15

yearsago,awell-meaningmandonatedbloodtotheRedCrossinSydney,Australia,not

knowinghehasbeenexposedtoHIV-1,thevirusthatcausesAIDS.Muchlater,public

healthofficialslearnedthatsomeofthepeoplewhogottransfusionscontaininghisblood

hadbecomeinfectedwiththesamevirus;presumablytheywerealmostsuretodie.

Order:GisthefirstparagraphandFisthelast.

41、Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.Youarerequiredto

reorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA一G.Thefirst

andthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyous.A.ThestrainofHIVthatwas

discoveredinSydneyintriguesscientistsbecauseitcontainsstrikingabnormalitiesina

genethatisbelievedtostimulateviralduplication.Infact,thevirusismissingsomuchof

(hisparticulargene—knownasnef,fornegativefactor-thatitishardtoimaginehow

(hegenecouldperformanyusefulfunction.Andsureenough.whiletheSydneyvirus

retainstheabilityloinfectTcells—whitebloodcellsthatarecriticaltotheimmune

system'sabilitytowardoffinfection——itmakessofewcopiesofitselfthatthemost

powerfulmoleculartoolscanbarelydetectitspresence.B.If:hisspeculationproves

right,itwillmarkamilestoneinthebattletocontainthelate-20thcentury'smostterrible

epidemic.ForinadditiontoexplainingwhythissmallgroupofpeopleinfectedwithHIV

hasnotbecomesick,thediscoveryofaviralstrainthatworkslikeavaccinewouldhave

far-reachingimplications."Whattheseresultssuggest",saysDr.BarneyGrahamof

Tennessee'sVanderbiltUniversity,"isthatHIVisvulnerableandthatitispossibleto

stimulateeffectiveimmunityagainstit".C.Butassixyearsstretchedto10,thento14,

(heanxietyofhealthofficialsgavewaytoastonishment.Althoughtwooftherecipients

havediedfromothercauses,notoneoftheman'scontaminatedbloodhascomedown

withAIDS.Moretellingstill,thedonorisalsohealthy.Infacthisimmunesystem

remainsasrobustasifhehadnevertangledwithHIVatall.Whatcouldexplainsuch

unexpectedgoodfortune?D.Attheveryleast,thenefgeneoffersanattractivetargetfor

drugdevelopers.Ifitsactivitycanbeblocked,suggestsDeacon,researchersmightbe

abletobringtheprogressionofdiseaseundercontrol,eveninpeoplewhohave

developedfull-blownAIDS.TheneedforbetterAIDS-fightingdrugswasunderscored

lastweekbytheactionsofa