2025年英語專業(yè)專升本專項練習試卷含答案考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______一、詞匯與語法1.Despitetheheavyrain,thefestival______asplannedontheweekend.A.hadheldB.washeldC.hasbeenheldD.washolding2.Thediscoveryofpenicillinwasa______momentformodernmedicine.A.turningpointB.turning-downC.turned-outD.turn-off3.Hernewnovel,______hasreceivedcriticalacclaim,isacompellingread.A.whichtitleisB.whosetitleisC.whosetitleD.ittitled4.Thecompanyislookingforsomeonewithexperience______ininternationalmarkets.A.tomarketB.marketsC.marketingD.marketed5.Bythetimetheyarrivedattheconcert,thebestseats______.A.weretakenB.hadbeentakenC.havetakenD.willtake6.Itishighlyrecommendedthatthemanager______themeetingimmediately.A.callsoffB.calloffC.callingoffD.tocalloff7.Neitherthestudentsnortheteacher______satisfiedwiththelecture.A.isB.areC.wasD.were8.The______oftheinternethasrevolutionizedthewayweaccessinformation.A.inventionB.inventingC.inventorD.inventors9.IfI______you,Iwouldapologizeforthemistake.A.amB.wereC.beD.was10.Thecomplexsentencecontainsanindependentclauseandatleastone______clause.A.dependentB.independentC.subordinateD.compound二、閱讀理解Lastyear,theUnitedNationsreportedasignificantincreaseintheglobalplasticwasteproblem.Plastic,whileconvenientforconsumersandindustriesalike,posesaseverethreattotheenvironmentwhennotmanagedproperly.Everyyear,millionsoftonsofplasticendupinlandfillsandoceans,contributingtopollutionandharmingwildlife.Thepersistenceofplasticintheenvironmentmeansitcantakehundredsofyearstodecompose,duringwhichtimeitbreaksdownintomicroplasticsthatcontaminatesoilandwaterways.Effortsarebeingmadegloballytoaddressthiscrisis.Manycountrieshaveintroducedregulationstoreducesingle-useplastics,suchasbansonplasticbagsandstraws.Furthermore,thereisagrowingemphasisonrecyclinganddevelopingbiodegradablealternatives.Innovationinmaterialscienceisalsoplayingacrucialrole,withresearchersexploringnewwaystoproduceanddisposeofplasticmoresustainably.However,thesesolutionsrequirewidespreadadoptionandsupportfrombothgovernmentsandindividuals.Thechallengeofplasticwasteisnotjustanenvironmentalissue;itisalsoaneconomicone.Thecostofcleaningupplasticpollutionandtheimpactontourismandfisheriescanbesubstantial.Moreover,theplasticindustryisamajorsourceofemploymentinmanyregions.Therefore,findingabalancebetweeneconomicinterestsandenvironmentalprotectionisessential.Publicawarenessiskeytodrivingchange,asconsumerbehaviorsignificantlyinfluencesindustrypractices.Reducingconsumption,reusingproducts,andparticipatinginrecyclingprogramsaresimpleactionsthatcanmakeadifference.1.Accordingtothepassage,whatistheprimaryissuewithplasticwaste?2.Whatmeasuresarementionedinthepassagetotackletheplasticproblem?3.Whyistheplasticwasteissuedescribedashavingbothenvironmentalandeconomicimplications?4.Whatroledoespublicawarenessplayinaddressingtheplasticcrisis,accordingtotheauthor?5.Theword"persistence"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A.shortnessB.flexibilityC.durationD.softness6.Theword"contaminate"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A.protectB.enrichC.polluteD.clean三、完形填空Thehumanbrainisremarkable,capableofprocessingvastamountsofinformationandenablingcomplexthoughtprocesses.However,itsefficiencycanbesignificantlyaffectedbystress.Whenfacedwithchallengingsituations,thebraintriggersthe"fightorflight"response,releasinghormoneslikecortisolandadrenaline.Whilethisreactionisessentialforimmediatesurvival,prolongedexposuretostresscanhavedetrimentaleffectsoncognitivefunctions.Oneareaheavilyimpactedbystressismemory.Chronicstresscaninterferewiththehippocampus,thebrainregioncrucialforlearningandmemoryformation.Individualsunderconstantstressmayfinditdifficulttoconcentrate,retaininformation,ormakedecisions.Thiscanmanifestinacademicsettingsaspoorperformanceorinprofessionalenvironmentsasdecreasedproductivity.Furthermore,stressoftenleadstosleepdisturbances,whichareknowntoimpaircognitiveabilities,creatinganegativefeedbackloop.Thegoodnewsisthatthebrain'sresponsetostressisnotentirelyfixed.Throughconsciousefforts,individualscantraintheirbrainstohandlestressmoreeffectively.Techniquessuchasmindfulnessmeditation,deepbreathingexercises,andregularphysicalactivityhavebeenshowntoreducestresslevelsandimprovecognitivefunction.Buildingastrongsupportnetworkandengaginginhobbiescanalsoprovideemotionalreliefandenhanceoverallwell-being.Bymanagingstressproactively,peoplecanprotecttheircognitivehealthandunlocktheirbrain'sfullpotential.1.Accordingtothepassage,whathappenstothebrainduringthe"fightorflight"response?2.Howdoesprolongedstressaffectthehippocampus?3.Whycansleepdisturbancesresultingfromstressbeproblematic?4.Whataresomestrategiesmentionedformanagingstressandimprovingcognitivefunction?5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?四、翻譯1.Withtherapiddevelopmentoftechnology,onlineeducationhasbecomeincreasinglypopular,offeringflexiblelearningopportunitiesforpeopleworldwide.2.Protectingculturalheritageisnotonlyaresponsibilityforgovernmentsbutalsoadutyforeverycitizenwhocherishestheirtraditions.五、寫作Youareorganizingaculturalexchangeprogrambetweenyouruniversityandapartnerinstitutionabroad.Writeashortnotice(about100words)tobepostedontheuniversitybulletinboard,announcingtheprogramandinvitinginterestedstudentstoapply.Includethefollowingpoints:*Thepurposeoftheprogram.*Keyactivitiesinvolved(e.g.,culturalpresentations,languageexchange).*Theeligibilitycriteriaforparticipants.*Howtoapplyandthedeadline.試卷答案一、詞匯與語法1.B解析：Thefestivalwasheldontheweekend.謂語動詞washeld是被動語態(tài)的過去時，表示過去某個時間點發(fā)生的事情。選項A、C、D時態(tài)或語態(tài)錯誤。2.A解析：aturningpoint是一個固定搭配，意為“轉折點”，符合句意。其他選項無此搭配或意義不符。3.C解析：定語從句省略。whosetitleishasbeenomitted.Thenovel(whosetitleis...)hasreceivedcriticalacclaim.結構完整且符合語法。4.A解析：lookforsomeonetodosomething是固定結構，意為“尋找某人去做某事”。空格處需動詞原形market，作不定式todo的部分。選項B、C、D形式錯誤。5.B解析：Bythetimetheyarrived...thebestseatshadbeentaken.表示在過去某個時間點之前已經完成的動作，應用過去完成時被動語態(tài)。選項A、C、D時態(tài)或語態(tài)錯誤。6.B解析：Itisrecommendedthat+主語+(should)dosth.是虛擬語氣結構，主語是themanager，動詞用原形calloff。選項A、C、D形式錯誤。7.A解析：Neither...nor...連接的并列主語，謂語動詞與靠近的主語保持一致?？拷闹髡Z是thestudents，復數(shù)，謂語用is。8.A解析：Theinventionoftheinternet是名詞短語，作句子的主語。invention指“發(fā)明”這一行為或事物。選項B、C、D詞性或意義不符。9.B解析：IfIwereyou...是虛擬語氣，表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設。主語是I，動詞用were。選項A、C、D形式錯誤。10.A解析：complexsentence是由一個獨立分句和至少一個從句構成的句子。dependentclause指的是“從句”，符合句意。independentclause指獨立分句，compoundclause指并列句，不符合complexsentence的定義。二、閱讀理解1.A解析：根據(jù)第一段第一句"Thediscoveryofpenicillinwasaturningpointformodernmedicine."可知，青霉素的發(fā)現(xiàn)是現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學的一個轉折點。2.B,C,D解析：根據(jù)第二段第二句"Manycountrieshaveintroducedregulationstoreducesingle-useplastics,suchasbansonplasticbagsandstraws."可知，引入法規(guī)（regulations）；根據(jù)第二段第三句"Furthermore,thereisagrowingemphasisonrecyclinganddevelopingbiodegradablealternatives."可知，強調回收（recycling）和發(fā)展可生物降解替代品（developingbiodegradablealternatives）；根據(jù)第二段第四句"Innovationinmaterialscienceisalsoplayingacrucialrole,withresearchersexploringnewwaystoproduceanddisposeofplasticmoresustainably."可知，研發(fā)新材料（Innovationinmaterialscience/exploringnewways）。3.B解析：根據(jù)第三段第一句"Thechallengeofplasticwasteisnotjustanenvironmentalissue;itisalsoaneconomicone."直接說明了塑料垃圾問題既是環(huán)境問題，也是經濟問題。4.A解析：根據(jù)第三段最后一句"Publicawarenessiskeytodrivingchange,asconsumerbehaviorsignificantlyinfluencesindustrypractices."可知，公眾意識是推動改變的關鍵，因為消費者行為顯著影響著行業(yè)實踐。5.C解析：根據(jù)第一段第一句"Thepersistenceofplasticintheenvironmentmeansitcantakehundredsofyearstodecompose..."中的context，persistence指塑料在環(huán)境中持續(xù)存在的時間很長，與"duration"（持續(xù)時間）意思最接近。6.C解析：根據(jù)第一段第三句"Plastic...posesaseverethreattotheenvironmentwhennotmanagedproperly...contributingtopollutionandharmingwildlife."中的context，contaminate在這里指塑料污染導致環(huán)境受到污染，與"pollute"（污染）意思最接近。三、完形填空1.B解析：Accordingtothepassage,whenfacedwithchallengingsituations,thebraintriggersthe"fightorflight"response,releasinghormoneslikecortisolandadrenaline.Theword"triggers"indicatesthattheresponseisinitiated.Themeaningof"triggers"isclosestto"initiates"or"starts".OptionB"starts"fitswellinthecontext.2.A解析：Howprolongedstressaffectsthehippocampus.Thepassagestates:"Chronicstresscaninterferewiththehippocampus,thebrainregioncrucialforlearningandmemoryformation."Interferewithmeanstohinderordisrupt.OptionA"hinders"capturesthismeaning.3.D解析：Whycansleepdisturbancesresultingfromstressbeproblematic?Thepassageexplains:"Furthermore,stressoftenleadstosleepdisturbances,whichareknowntoimpaircognitiveabilities,creatinganegativefeedbackloop."Sleepdisturbancesimpaircognitiveabilities,makingthemproblematic.OptionD"impaircognitiveabilities"explainstheproblem.4.E解析：Whataresomestrategiesmentionedformanagingstressandimprovingcognitivefunction?Thepassagementions:"Techniquessuchasmindfulnessmeditation,deepbreathingexercises,andregularphysicalactivityhavebeenshowntoreducestresslevelsandimprovecognitivefunction."Thesetechniquesincludemindfulnessmeditation(A),deepbreathingexercises(B),andregularphysicalactivity(C).OptionEcombinesallthree.5.F解析：Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?Thepassagediscussesthebrain'sresponsetostress,itsnegativeeffectsonmemoryandcognitivefunction,andwaystomanagestressforbettercognitivehealth.Themainideaistheimpactofstressonthebrainandstrategiestocopewithit.OptionFcapturesthisoveralltheme.四、翻譯1.隨著科技的快速發(fā)展，在線教育日益普及，為世界各地的人們提供了靈活的學習機會。解析：將原文的主動語態(tài)"onlineeducationhasbecomeincreasinglypopular"轉換為中文的主動或被動表達"在線教育日益普及"。用"隨著...的發(fā)展"引導時間狀語，"為...提供"表達目的，"世界各地的人們"對應"peopleworldwide"。2.保護文化遺產不僅是政府的責任，也是每個珍視傳統(tǒng)公民的責任。解析：將原文的"isnotonly...butalso..."結構轉換為中文的"不僅是...也是..."。主語"Protectingculturalheritage"對應為動名詞短語，在句中作主語。"aresponsibilityforgovernments"轉換為"政府的責任"。"adutyforeverycitizenwhocherishestheirtraditions"轉換為"每個珍視傳統(tǒng)