2025年大學(xué)《梵語巴利語》專業(yè)題庫——梵語巴利語對話場景練習(xí)考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______第一部分：閱讀理解與語法分析directions:Readthefollowingpassagesandanswerthequestionsthatfollow.Youranswersshouldbebasedsolelyontheinformationprovidedinthepassage.1.????|?????|?????|???|???????|????????|???????(Whoisthereasonforyourwelfare,GautamatheBuddha?)????|?????|?????|??????|???|???????|????????|???????(GautamatheBuddhaisthereasonforyourwelfarethroughhisvision/teaching.)??????|???|???????|?????????(Writetheanswerasitisorasyouunderstand.)2.????|?????|?????|????|???????|?????????|????????|????|?????|?????(Thetwoyoungmen,whoareinthehouse,thinkaboutthepurposeofeducationandalsoaboutwealth,whatisit?)???|?????????|??????|???????|???|????|????|?????|??????|??|???????|????|??????|?????????(Onesaysthatoneshouldobtainthewelfareofeducation,theothersaysthatoneshouldobtainthewelfareofwealthhere,writetheanswer.)3.Readthefollowingdialogueandanswerthequestion.?????|?????|???|?????|???????(Istherefoodtoeatforyou?)??????|?????|???|??????|??????|??????|????|???????|????|????|???|?????(Thereisnotfoodtoeatnow,mother,maysometimepass.)?????|?????|???|?????????|?????????|?????|???|??????|?????????(Thewifethinksthatitiscertain,writetheanswer.)Whichwordinthedialogueindicatestheuncertaintyofthewife'sfutureactionregardingpreparingfood?第二部分：句子轉(zhuǎn)換與補(bǔ)全directions:Completethefollowingsentencesorconvertthegivensentencesaspertheinstructions.4.Convertthefollowingsentenceintothefuturetense:*???????????????????????*(GautamatheBuddhagivesknowledge.)5.Completethefollowingsentenceusingthecorrectformoftheverb*?????*(tobe):*??????????|______|?????|????????*(Thisthingisnotyourplace.)6.Completethefollowingdialoguebywritingtheappropriatesentenceforthesecondspeaker,maintainingthepolitetone(using*??*or*???*):?????|?????|???|???????|?????|???????????(Pleaseshowusyourhouse?)______|?????|???|??????|???????|????7.Completethefollowingsentencebyaddingthecorrectpronounandverbform:*???|______|????|??????????*(Iwillgotothehouse.)第三部分：翻譯練習(xí)directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoSanskrit(Samskrita)orPaliasappropriate.8.Themonksaremeditatingintheforest.9.Sheaskedhimifhehadseenhermessage.10.Mayyouattainhappiness.directions:TranslatethefollowingSanskrit(Samskrita)orPalisentencesintoChinese(中文).11.??????|?????|??????|????????(Thereissorrowforyou,desire.)12.????????|???????|????????|???????(Speechhasaspecialeffectonknowledge.)第四部分：綜合運(yùn)用directions:Imagineyouaremeetinganelderlyscholarforthefirsttime.Writeashortdialogue(4-6lines)inSanskrit(Samskrita)orPali,including:*Agreetingandintroduction.*Apoliteinquiryabouttheirwell-being.*Aquestionabouttheirknowledgeorstudies.---試卷答案第一部分：閱讀理解與語法分析1.??????(darsanam)**解析思路：*問題詢問“你是...的因”，答案應(yīng)在對話中尋找對應(yīng)的賓語。第二句“?????????????????????????????????????????????”直接回答了這個問題，其中“??????”是動詞“?????”的賓語，意為“（他的）教導(dǎo)/示現(xiàn)”。2.??????????????????????????????**解析思路：*問題詢問“兩個年輕人思考...和...什么”，需要概括對話的核心內(nèi)容。第一句點(diǎn)明他們思考“education(??????)”，第二句點(diǎn)明他們思考“wealth(??)”，因此答案是將這兩個核心思考內(nèi)容組合起來。3.????(vadati)**解析思路：*問題詢問“對話中哪個詞表明妻子未來行動的不確定性”。第二句“??????????????????????????????????????????????????????”中的“?????????”意為“我在考慮”，表示正在進(jìn)行的思考，暗示尚未決定，體現(xiàn)了不確定性?！????”是描述這一點(diǎn)的動詞。第二部分：句子轉(zhuǎn)換與補(bǔ)全4.???????????????????????????????(gautama?budhha?bhavisyatij?āna?dadāti)**解析思路：*將“?????”式動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為“????????”式（未來時）。規(guī)則是：動詞詞根+?(i)+???(as)+副詞性名詞后綴（根據(jù)動詞類別確定）。動詞“?????”屬‘???’類動詞，其副詞性名詞后綴為‘?’。故轉(zhuǎn)換后為“????????????”。**注意：*在實(shí)際文本中，未來時可能用“?????”+動詞不定式，或特定表達(dá)。此處按標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語法轉(zhuǎn)換。原句意為“GautamatheBuddhawillgiveknowledge.”5.?(na)**解析思路：*使用動詞“?????”的否定形式“?”+動詞原形。句子主語“??????????”是第三人稱單數(shù)，動詞需用第三人稱單數(shù)形式“?????”。否定形式為“?+?????=?????”。但句子結(jié)構(gòu)“??????????|______|?????|????????”似乎缺少謂語動詞，若理解為補(bǔ)全為完整句子，應(yīng)為“????????????????????????????”。若僅填空，填“?”即可。6.????????????????????????????**解析思路：*根據(jù)上下文，需要用禮貌的請求語氣。在“????????????????????”中，“???”指代前面提到的某物。假設(shè)前面是“????”（house），則第二人應(yīng)禮貌請求看房屋。禮貌請求常用“??/???”后綴。動詞“??????”屬‘???’類動詞，請求形式為動詞原形+??/???。此處選擇“??”表示可能性或建議?！????????????????????”意為“（讓我們）看看你們的房屋吧”。7.?????????????????????**解析思路：*補(bǔ)全句子需填入主語、代詞賓格和動詞未來時形式。主語是“???”（我）。“?????”意為“你的（敬稱）”，在句中作動詞“?????????”的賓語，需用賓格?！?????????”是動詞“????”屬‘???’類動詞的未來時形式。組合起來意為“我將去你的（敬稱）家”。第三部分：翻譯練習(xí)8.?????????|???|?????????|?????|??????|???????(brāhma?a?vanemandanynamastidhyāna?kurute.)**解析思路：*英文“monksaremeditatingintheforest”翻譯為梵語。主語“monks”譯為“?????????”或“??????”。“aremeditating”譯為進(jìn)行時“??????”。“intheforest”譯為“???”。組合為“???????????????????????????????????????”（假設(shè)meditating指代名為Mandaneya的修行者）。9.????|??????|???????|??|?????|??|???|?????????(tasyapatramdr??avāihaastivātavaaprashnám?)**解析思路：*中文“她問他是否看到了她的信息”翻譯為巴利語。主語“她”譯為“?????”或“??”?！癮skedhim”譯為“????????”?！皐hetherhehadseen”譯為“????????????????”（巴利語常用疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：陳述部分+??+疑問詞）。組合為“??????????????????????????????????????”10.?????|?????|???|?????|??????(?ubhamastutavesukhamlabeyah.)**解析思路：*英文“Mayyouattainhappiness”翻譯為梵語。這是一個典型的祝愿句式，常用“?????...?????”結(jié)構(gòu)?！皔ou”譯為“???”?！癶appiness”譯為“?????”。“May”對應(yīng)“?????”。組合為“???????????????????????”。11.??????|?????|???|????????(du?khamastitaveabhila?ā.)**解析思路：*梵語“????????????????????????”翻譯為中文?！??????”意為“sorrow/pain”?！?????”意為“is”?！??????”意為“foryou(尊稱)”?！???????”意為“desire/wish”。直譯為中文即“Sorrowisforyou,desire.”12.????|?????|???????|????????|???????(vāka?astiprayāva?j?ānasyavi?e?a?.)**解析思路：*梵語“?????????????????????????????”翻譯為中文。“????????”意為“Speechis”。“?????