運城市人民醫(yī)院輸血醫(yī)學專業(yè)英語文獻閱讀與翻譯試題一、選擇題（每題2分，共10題）1.WhatistheprimarypurposeoftheInternationalSocietyofBloodTransfusion(ISBT)identificationsystem?A.TostandardizebloodtypingmethodsB.ToensuresafebloodtransfusionpracticesC.TotrackblooddonationsgloballyD.Topromotebloodbankingresearch2.Whichofthefollowingisacommoncomplicationofallogeneicbloodtransfusion?A.HemolysisduetoABOincompatibilityB.ImmunesuppressionfromautologousbloodcollectionC.IronoverloadfromrepeatedtransfusionsD.Anemiacausedbybloodloss3.Whatdoestheterm"erythropoiesis"referto?A.TheprocessofbloodcoagulationB.TheproductionofredbloodcellsC.ThedestructionofoldredbloodcellsD.Theregulationofbloodpressure4.Whichantibodyismostcommonlyassociatedwithhemolyticdiseaseofthefetusandnewborn(HDFN)?A.Anti-AB.Anti-BC.Anti-DD.Anti-K5.Whatistheroleofrecombinanthumanerythropoietin(rHuEPO)inclinicalpractice?A.TopreventbloodclotsduringsurgeryB.TotreatanemiaassociatedwithchronickidneydiseaseC.ToenhanceblooddonationeligibilityD.Toreducetheriskoftransfusionreactions二、填空題（每空1分，共5空）6.Theprocessofremovingantibodiesfromdonorplasmaiscalled________.7.Abloodtransfusionreactioninvolvingfeverandchillsisclassifiedasa________reaction.8.The________systemisusedtocategorizebloodgroupsbeyondtheABOandRhsystems.9.Thehalf-lifeofredbloodcellsinhumansisapproximately________days.10.________isararebutseriouscomplicationofbloodtransfusioncharacterizedbyuncontrolledbleeding.三、簡答題（每題5分，共3題）11.Describethekeydifferencesbetweenautologousandallogeneicbloodtransfusions.12.Explainhowbloodtypingandcrossmatchingareusedtopreventtransfusionreactions.13.Discusstheimportanceofbloodbankqualitycontrolinensuringsafebloodproducts.四、翻譯題（每題10分，共2題）14.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese:"TheAABB(formerlytheAmericanAssociationofBloodBanks)providesguidelinesforbloodcollection,processing,andtransfusiontoensurethesafetyandefficacyofbloodproducts.Regularqualitycontrolmeasures,includingmicrobialtestingandhemoglobinanalysis,areessentialtodetectandpreventpotentialtransfusionerrors."15.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese:"Ironchelationtherapyisoftenrecommendedforpatientswhohavereceivedmultiplebloodtransfusionstopreventironoverload,whichcanleadtoorgandamage.Commonchelatingagentsincludedeferoxamineanddeferiprone,whichbindtoexcessironandfacilitateitsexcretionfromthebody."答案與解析一、選擇題1.B-解析：ISBTidentificationsystem的主要目的是標準化血液制品的標識，以確保輸血安全。選項A、C、D雖然與血液輸血相關，但不是ISBT系統(tǒng)的核心目的。2.A-解析：ABO不相容導致的溶血是同種異體輸血的常見并發(fā)癥。選項B、C、D描述的情況與同種異體輸血無關。3.B-解析：erythropoiesis是指紅細胞的生成過程。選項A、C、D描述的是血液的其他功能或過程。4.C-解析：Anti-D抗體是導致胎兒和新生兒溶血病（HDFN）最常見的抗體。選項A、B、D雖然與血液抗體相關，但不是HDFN的主要原因。5.B-解析：重組人促紅細胞生成素（rHuEPO）主要用于治療慢性腎臟病相關的貧血。選項A、C、D描述的情況與rHuEPO的應用無關。二、填空題6.Plasmaexchange-解析：Plasmaexchange（血漿置換）是指從供體血漿中去除抗體的過程。7.Non-hemolyticfebrile-解析：非溶血性發(fā)熱反應是輸血反應的一種類型，表現(xiàn)為發(fā)熱和寒戰(zhàn)。8.Kell-解析：Kell系統(tǒng)是除ABO和Rh系統(tǒng)外的另一種血型分類系統(tǒng)。9.120-解析：紅細胞的半衰期約為120天。10.Hemophagocyticlymphohistiocytosis(HLH)-解析：HLH是一種罕見的輸血并發(fā)癥，表現(xiàn)為無法控制的出血。三、簡答題11.Describethekeydifferencesbetweenautologousandallogeneicbloodtransfusions.-解析：-自體輸血（Autologoustransfusion）：患者自身的血液在術前采集，儲存后再輸回體內(nèi)。優(yōu)點是避免異體輸血相關的并發(fā)癥，如輸血反應和感染。缺點是可能增加手術風險，且不適用于所有患者。-同種異體輸血（Allogeneictransfusion）：從其他捐獻者采集的血液輸給患者。優(yōu)點是來源廣泛，適用于多種情況。缺點是存在輸血反應和感染的風險。12.Explainhowbloodtypingandcrossmatchingareusedtopreventtransfusionreactions.-解析：-血型鑒定（Bloodtyping）：通過ABO和Rh系統(tǒng)確定血液類型，防止ABO不相容導致的溶血反應。-交叉配血（Crossmatching）：在輸血前進行，檢查受血者的血清與供血者的紅細胞是否發(fā)生反應，進一步降低輸血反應的風險。13.Discusstheimportanceofbloodbankqualitycontrolinensuringsafebloodproducts.-解析：-微生物檢測：防止細菌污染導致的輸血感染。-血紅蛋白分析：確保血液質(zhì)量，防止輸注不合格的血液。-標準化操作流程：減少人為錯誤，提高輸血安全性。四、翻譯題14.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese:"TheAABB(formerlytheAmericanAssociationofBloodBanks)providesguidelinesforbloodcollection,processing,andtransfusiontoensurethesafetyandefficacyofbloodproducts.Regularqualitycontrolmeasures,includingmicrobialtestingandhemoglobinanalysis,areessentialtodetectandpreventpotentialtransfusionerrors."-翻譯："美國血庫協(xié)會（AABB，前身為美國血庫協(xié)會）為血液采集、處理和輸血提供指南，以確保血液制品的安全性和有效性。定期的質(zhì)量控制措施，包括微生物檢測和血紅蛋白分析，對于檢測和預防潛在的輸血錯誤至關重要。"15.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese:"Ironchelationtherapyisoftenrecommendedforpatientswhohavereceivedmultiplebloodtransfusionstopreventironoverload,whichcanleadtoorgandamage.Commonchela