【英語(yǔ)】英語(yǔ)專題匯編閱讀理解(教育文化)(一)一、高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解教育文化類1．閱讀理解

"Whensomeoneisrudetoyou,itcanputyouinabadmood.Itmayevenleadyoutoberudetosomeoneelse,creatingachainofrudeness.Infact,thistroublingchainmayevenbecausedbysimplyseeingsomeoneberudetoanotherperson.Youdon'tevenhavetobethetargetofthehadbehavior,"statedaresearcher.

Theresearchersworkedwith81persons,withoccupationsrangingfromsecuritytobusinesstomedicine,whowereaskedtocompleteonlinesurveysovera10-dayperiod.Participantsrecordedtheirmoodswhentheywokeup;andintheevening,theydescribedtheirexperiencesoverthecourseofthatday.

Eachmorningtheparticipantsalsoviewedashortvideo,describingworkplaceinteractionofsomekind.Halfofthemornings,thevideoincludedsomekindofrudenesswhiletheotherhalfhadsomekindofwarminteractionintheworkplace.Rudenesswasconveyedthroughvariousmeans,includingalackofeyecontactorunpleasantlanguage.

Participantswhowatchedtherudenessvideosreportedseeingorexperiencingrudenessduringtheday,andtheywerealsomorelikelytoescapefromfellowemployeestoavoidbeingthevictimsofrudenessthemselves.Theyreportedtheiroverallworksufferedthatdayasaresult.

Notallparticipantswereaffectedbytherudenessvideos,however.Afewweeksbeforethestudybegan,theparticipantscompletedanevaluationthatmeasuredtheirself-confidenceandemotionalstabilityamongotherthings.Theparticipantswhoscoredhigheronthisevaluationweresignificantlylesslikelytobeinfluencedbytherudeness.

Consequently,oneoftheresearchersrecommendedthatcompanieshiremanagerswhocanlimitexposuretorudeness,provideplentyofpositivereinforcement(強(qiáng)化)andbuildacivilworkplaceenvironment.This,inturn,couldhelpemployeesbuildtheirconfidencelevelsandhelpthembetterhandleworkplacerudeness.（1）WhatisParagraph1intendedtoshow?A.

Thepopularityofrudeness.

B.

Aregularcauseofrudeness.C.

Anewfindingaboutrudeness.

D.

Thecommondisadvantageofrudeness.（2）Whyaretheshortvideosplayedfortheparticipants?A.

Tomakethemspreadrudeness.B.

Toeducatethemonworkplaceinteraction.C.

Toexposethemtovariousaspectsofrudeness.D.

Toteachthemhowtouserightbodylanguages.（3）Whatistheprobableeffectofwatchingthevideosonsomeparticipants?A.

Beingunwillingtowork.

B.

Poorabilitytodotheirwork.C.

Seriousemotionalsufferings.

D.

Lessinteractionwithothers.（4）Whomaynotbeaffectedbytherudenessvideos?A.Peoplepositiveandkindtothemselves.B.Peoplekeepingcalminstressfulsituations.C.Peopleowningconfidenceinothers'ability.D.Peopleparticipatingintherudenessexperiment.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）D（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，研究表明，關(guān)于“無(wú)禮”行為作為一種“傳染性”行為是可以避免的。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Youdon'tevenhavetobethetargetofthebadbehavior”你甚至不必成為不良行為的目標(biāo)，可知，第一段前半部分在描述了這種無(wú)禮行為的“傳染性”之后，是在引出一項(xiàng)關(guān)于這種行為的新發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選C。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Eachmorningtheparticipantsalsoviewedashortvideo,describingworkplaceinteractionofsomekind.”每天早上，參與者還觀看了一段描述某種工作場(chǎng)所互動(dòng)的短視頻；第四段中的“Participantswhowatchedtherudenessvideosreportedseeingorexperiencingrudenessduringtheday…”觀看了無(wú)禮視頻的參與者報(bào)告稱，他們?cè)诎滋炜吹交蚪?jīng)歷了無(wú)禮行為……和第五段中的“Notallparticipantswereaffectedbytherudenessvideos,however.”然而，并不是所有的參與者都受到了粗魯視頻的影響。可知，讓參與者觀看視頻是為了讓他們受到更多的影響而研究他們的情緒變化。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Participantswhowatchedtherudenessvideosreportedseeingorexperiencingrudenessduringtheday,andtheywerealsomorelikelytoescapefromfellowemployeestoavoidbeingthevictimsofrudenessthemselves.Theyreportedtheiroverallworksufferedthatdayasaresult.”觀看了無(wú)禮視頻的參與者報(bào)告稱，他們?cè)诎滋炜吹交蚪?jīng)歷了無(wú)禮行為，而且他們也更有可能逃離同事，以免自己成為無(wú)禮行為的受害者。他們報(bào)告說(shuō)，他們的整體工作因此受到影響?？芍?，一些參與者在觀看視頻之后會(huì)逃避與人交流以免成為受影響者。故選D。（4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中的“Afewweeksbeforethestudybegan,theparticipantscompletedanevaluationthatmeasuredtheirself-confidenceandemotionalstabilityamongotherthings.Theparticipantswhoscoredhigheronthisevaluationweresignificantlylesslikelytobeinfluencedbytherudeness.”在研究開始前幾周，參與者完成了一項(xiàng)評(píng)估，評(píng)估內(nèi)容包括他們的自信心和情緒穩(wěn)定性等。在這項(xiàng)評(píng)估中得分較高的參與者受粗魯行為影響的可能性明顯較低?？芍?，不易受到影響的人較為冷靜沉著。故選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

Duringyourfouryearsinthecollege,you'llhavemanyexcitingchoicestomake,thefirstofwhichwillbeyourcourseselectionforyourfirstsemester.Thebeautyofthischoiceisthatyoucan'tgowrong!NomatterwhichoneofourFirst-YearOptionsyouselecttoapplyfor,youwillcreatearichintellectualexperiencetobeginyourcollegecareer.

Option1:LiberalArtsSeminar

TheLiberalArtsSeminarisamultidisciplinary(多學(xué)科的)coursethatexplorestheculturalhistoryoftheMediterraneanthroughfictionalandnonfictionalbooks.Fallschedule:WhenRegistrationopens,youwillselectbetweenoneandfouradditionalcoursestocompleteyourschedule.

Option2:FLLHagerScholarsProgram

TheFLLHagerScholarsProgramisdesignedwithourmostambitiousstudentsoflanguagesandlinguisticsinmind,andisdesignedtocreateforthembothasenseofcommunityandopportunitiesforintellectualgrowth.

Fallschedule:WhenRegistrationopens,youwillselectbetweenoneandthreeadditionalcoursestocompleteyourschedule.

Option3:IgnatiusSeminars

Offeredonlyinthefirstsemester,IgnatiusSeminarsintroducestudentstothedepthanddiversityofGeorgetown'sdynamicintellectualcommunity.

Fallschedule:WhenRegistrationopens,youwillselectthreeorfouradditionalcoursestocompleteyourschedule.

Option4:TraditionalFirst-YearAcademicProgram

Withthisprogram,you'lltakeyourfirststepintothecollege'srichandvariedcorecoursesandexploreyourfieldsofinterestinfreeoptionalcoursework.

Fallschedule:WhenRegistrationopens,youwillbuildascheduleoffourorfiveadditionalcoursesfromthefullcollegecurriculum.（1）HowdostudentslearntheculturalhistoryoftheMediterranean?A.

Bycompletingtheschedule.

B.

Bywritingfictionalbooks.C.

Byselectinglor4courses.

D.

Byreadingmaterialsofthisarea.（2）Whichprogramissuitableforastudentinterestedinlanguages?A.

Option1.

B.

Option2.

C.

Option3.

D.

Option4.（3）What'sapossiblereasonforchoosingOption4?A.

Itisdesignedforlanguagelearners.

B.

Itprovidesvariouscoursesforfree.C.

Itintroducesyoutoareasofinterest.

D.

Itisonlyofferedinthefirstsemester.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是是一篇說(shuō)明文，在大學(xué)的四年里，你會(huì)有很多令人興奮的選擇，第一個(gè)是你第一學(xué)期的課程選擇。這個(gè)選擇的美妙之處在于你不會(huì)出錯(cuò)！無(wú)論你選擇申請(qǐng)哪一個(gè)，你都將為你的大學(xué)生涯創(chuàng)造一個(gè)豐富的智力體驗(yàn)。作者介紹了大學(xué)生對(duì)課程的四種選擇。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Option1:LiberalArtsSeminar部分中的“TheLiberalArtsSeminarisamultidisciplinary（多學(xué)科的）coursethatexplorestheculturalhistoryoftheMediterraneanthroughfictionalandnonfictionalbooks.”人文學(xué)科研討會(huì)是一門多學(xué)科課程，通過(guò)虛構(gòu)和非虛構(gòu)的書籍探索地中海的文化歷史，可知，學(xué)生通過(guò)虛構(gòu)和非虛構(gòu)的書籍探索地中海的文化歷史。由此可知，學(xué)生是通過(guò)閱讀該地區(qū)的資料來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)地中海的文化歷史的。故選D。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Option2:FLLHagerScholarsProgram部分中的“TheFLLHagerScholarsProgramisdesignedwithourmostambitiousstudentsoflanguagesandlinguisticsinmind,andisdesignedtocreateforthembothasenseofcommunityandopportunitiesforintellectualgrowth.”FLLHagerScholarsProgram的設(shè)計(jì)初衷是為我們最具雄心的語(yǔ)言和語(yǔ)言學(xué)學(xué)生服務(wù)，旨在為他們創(chuàng)造一種社區(qū)感和智力成長(zhǎng)的機(jī)會(huì)，可知，Option2的設(shè)計(jì)初衷是為我們最具雄心的語(yǔ)言和語(yǔ)言學(xué)學(xué)生服務(wù)。可知，對(duì)語(yǔ)言感興趣的學(xué)生可以選擇Option2:FLLHagerScholarsProgram。故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)Option4:TraditionalFirst-YearAcademicProgram部分中的“Withthisprogram,you'lltakeyourfirststepintothecollege'srichandvariedcorecoursesandexploreyourfieldsofinterestinfreeoptionalcoursework.”有了這個(gè)項(xiàng)目，你將邁出你的第一步，進(jìn)入大學(xué)豐富多樣的核心課程，在自由選修課程中探索你感興趣的領(lǐng)域。可知，Option4在自由選修課程中探索你感興趣的領(lǐng)域?？赏浦?，Option4能把你領(lǐng)進(jìn)你感興趣的領(lǐng)域，這應(yīng)該是學(xué)生選擇Option4的原因。故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

Askanynewcollegegraduateabouthisimmediategoals,anditislikelythathewilltellyouhewantsajob.Butitturnsoutthattoday'sstudentsarenotgoingtobesatisfiedwithanyjob.Accordingtothelatestsurvey,makingadifferencethroughtheirworkisessential(必要的)toyoungpeople'shappiness.

Thesurveyfoundthat72percentofgraduatingcollegeseniorsbelievebeingabletohaveapositivesocialinfluencethroughtheirworkisessentialtotheirhappiness.Makingadifferenceissoimportanttothemthat45percentsaytheywouldtakea15percentpaycuttoworkatanorganizationthathasasocialorenvironmentalinfluence,and58percentsaytheywouldtakeapaycuttoworkforanorganizationwhosevaluesarethesameastheirown.

Besidesthis,thesurveyfoundthatfemalestudentsarefarmorelikelytoputsocialinfluenceinfirstplacethantheirmaleclassmates,echoingtheresultsofaformerstudyshowingthatfemalemathsandsciencemajorsaremorelikelytosaytheygointothosefieldstomakeadifference.

Onereasonfortheemphasis(強(qiáng)調(diào))onimprovingtheworldprobablyhastodowiththecultureofcolleges,whichencouragesstudentstoconnecttheirstudiesbacktoreal-worldproblems.Studentsareusedtodiscussingimportantsocialissues(問(wèn)題)withtheirfriendsandprofessors,anddoingsomethingabouttheminclassorthroughvolunteeractivities.Oncestudentsdevelopthosehabits,theydon'tshutthemoffwhengraduationrollsaround.（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"echoing"inparagraph3probablymean?A.Learning.B.Repeating.C.Believing.D.Creating.（2）Whatisoneofthereasonsfortheemphasisonstudentswantingtoimprovetheworld?A.Thehabitsstudentsdevelopinsociety.B.Theappearanceofimportantsocialissues.C.Theencouragementofthecultureofcolleges.D.Theeffectparents'educationhasontheirchildren.（3）Whatcanyoulearnfromthepassage?A.Youngpeoplewillsurelygainhappinessiftheycanmakeadifferenceintheirwork.B.Lessthanhalfofthecollegeseniorswilltakeapaycuttoworkwiththesamevalues.C.Mostcollegegraduatesbelieveitimportanttohaveapositivesocialinfluenceinwork.D.Femalegraduatesareallputtingmoresocialinfluenceinfirstplacethanmalegraduates.（4）Whichcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.FemaleStudentsAreConcernedaboutSocietyB.YoungPeople'sHappinessDoesn'tDependonMoneyC.GraduatesBecomeMoreInterestedinChallengingJobsD.ManyGraduatesWouldTakeaPayCuttoMakeaDifference【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，通過(guò)工作能有一個(gè)積極的社會(huì)影響對(duì)年輕人的幸福至關(guān)重要。（1）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第三段中的“Besidesthis,thesurveyfoundthatfemalestudentsarefarmorelikelytoputsocialinfluenceinfirstplacethantheirmaleclassmates”除此之外，調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)女生比男生更有可能把社會(huì)影響放在第一位；以及“theresultsofaformerstudyshowingthatfemalemathsandsciencemajorsaremorelikelytosaytheygointothosefieldstomakeadifference.”以前的一項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果顯示，數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)專業(yè)女學(xué)生所占的比例更有可能說(shuō)她們進(jìn)入這些領(lǐng)域是為了有所作為，可以推斷出兩項(xiàng)調(diào)查的結(jié)果是一致的。都說(shuō)明了女性更愿意在工作中做出影響。故選B。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Onereasonfortheemphasis(強(qiáng)調(diào))onimprovingtheworldprobablyhastodowiththecultureofcolleges,whichencouragesstudentstoconnecttheirstudiesbacktoreal-worldproblems.”強(qiáng)調(diào)改善世界的一個(gè)原因可能與大學(xué)文化有關(guān)，大學(xué)文化鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生將他們的學(xué)習(xí)與現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的問(wèn)題聯(lián)系起來(lái)。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thesurveyfoundthat72percentofgraduatingcollegeseniorsbelievebeingabletohaveapositivesocialinfluencethroughtheirworkisessentialtotheirhappiness.”調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，72%的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生認(rèn)為通過(guò)工作產(chǎn)生積極的社會(huì)影響對(duì)他們的幸福至關(guān)重要?？芍?，多數(shù)的畢業(yè)生都認(rèn)可工作產(chǎn)生的社會(huì)影響對(duì)他們而言是重要的。故選C。（4）考查主旨大意。通過(guò)第一段的調(diào)查結(jié)論得出：通過(guò)工作產(chǎn)生積極的社會(huì)影響對(duì)他們的幸福至關(guān)重要。所以，文章主要闡述年輕人的幸福取決于在工作中改變世界；再根據(jù)第二段中的“Makingadifferenceissoimportanttothemthat45percentsaytheywouldtakea15percentpaycuttoworkatanorganizationthathasasocialorenvironmentalinfluence,and58percentsaytheywouldtakeapaycuttoworkforanorganizationwhosevaluesarethesameastheirown.”對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，改變世界是如此重要，以至于45%的人說(shuō)他們?cè)敢饨邮?5%的減薪去為一個(gè)對(duì)社會(huì)或環(huán)境有影響的組織工作，58%的人說(shuō)他們?cè)敢饨邮軠p薪去一個(gè)與他們價(jià)值觀相同的組織工作。綜上所述，選D。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

Theendoftheyearisdrawingnear,andwinterisinfullswing.Theseasonbringsalongwithitstrongwindsandsnow—anenvironmentthat'snevercomfortabletobein.

Thisunpleasantandevenfrighteningaspectofwintercanoftenbeseeninliterature.InShakespeare'sKingLear(1606),thekinghasgivenawayhiskingdomandbeenrejectedbyhistwoungratefuldaughters.Heisoutinthewintercold，sufferingthingsthatareusuallyreservedforthepoorestandmostunfortunatehumanbeings.

ThewinterisbadenoughforLear，butbeingabandonedbyhisfamilyisworse.AsongfromanotherShakespeareplay,AsYouLikeIt(1599),isfittingforthispooroldman'ssituation:"Blow,blow,thouwinterwind/Thouartnotsounkind/Asma'singratitude(忘恩負(fù)義)".Here,winterisusedtobringouttheuglinessofinhumanity(無(wú)人性).Therearen'tmanythingsthatareworsethanwinter,accordingtoShakespeare.

Oncewinterbecamelessofathreattohumanbeings,literaryworksfeaturingitbecamemorepositive.SinceCharlesDickens,therepresentationoftheseasoninliteraturehasoftenfeaturedhappyChristmascelebrations.

Thecoldofthewinterweatherprovidesacontrasttothefungoingonindoors.

Dickens'AChristmasCarol(1843)wasthestartofthis,butChristmasisstillacommon,cheeryelement(元素)instoriesthatfeaturewinterscenestoday.ConsiderthejoyfeltbyHarryPotterandhisfriendsinJ.K.Rowling'sHarryPotterandthePhilosopher'sStone(1997)astheysitdownfortheirfestivemeal：

"HarryhadneverinallhislifehadsuchaChristmasdinner.Ahundredfat，roastturkeys;mountainsofroastandboiledpotatoes;plattersofchipolatas;tureensofbutteredpeas,silverboatsofthick,richgravyandcranberrysauce".

Itisalmostasmuchapleasuretoreadaboutthemealasitmighthavebeentoeatit.

Althoughwinterstillisn'tthemostcheerfulseasoninnovelsandpoems,it'ssafetosaythatwritershavecertainly"warmedup"sinceShakespeare'sdays.（1）What'stheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthisarticle?A.Torecommendsomewinterstoriesinliterature.B.Toexplainwhatwinterislikeinliteraryworks.C.Todescribecertaincustomsthatarerelatedtowinter.D.Totelluswhywinterisdescribedasunpleasantinliterature.（2）WhatcanwelearnfromShakespeare'sworks?A.Shakespearedidn'tlikewinterforitsbadweather.B.KingLearwasforcedtogiveupbeingakinginacoldwinter.C.It'sinwinterwhenKingLeardrovehistwodaughtersoff.D.Winteriscomparedwiththeuglysideofhumanity.（3）WhydoestheauthormentionCharlesDickensinthepassage?A.Becausealotofhisworksarerelatedtowinter.B.Becauseheisthemostpopularauthorofwinterstories.C.Becausehestartedanewwayofrepresentingwinter.D.Becausehisworksmakepeoplefeelcheerfulinwinter.（4）TheexampleofHarryPotterandthePhilosopher'sStoneisusedmainlytoshow

.A.traditionalChristmasfoodmakesthewintercheeryB.ChristmasisstillasymbolofjoyinmodernstoriesC.it'sapleasuretoreadChristmas-relatedbooksinwinterD.winterhasbecomethehappiestseasoninliteraryworks【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了冬季的令人不快甚至是令人恐懼的方面經(jīng)常在文學(xué)作品中看到，但隨著時(shí)間的推移，文學(xué)作品中冬天的含義也在發(fā)生變化。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thisunpleasantandevenfrighteningaspectofwintercanoftenbeseeninliterature”可知，人們經(jīng)常可以在文學(xué)中看到冬季的令人不快甚至是令人恐懼的方面。隨后，作者描述了冬天在不同作家的作品中的不同方面?？赏浦?，作者寫本文是為了解釋文學(xué)作品中的冬天是什么樣子的。故選B。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Here,winterisusedtobringouttheuglinessofinhumanity(無(wú)人性).Therearen'tmanythingsthatareworsethanwinter,accordingtoShakespeare.”可知，在莎士比亞的戲劇《皆大歡喜》中，冬天被用來(lái)展現(xiàn)人性的丑陋。莎士比亞認(rèn)為，沒有什么比冬天更糟糕的了。故選D。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段可知，自狄更斯以來(lái)，在文學(xué)中這個(gè)季節(jié)的表現(xiàn)常常是圣誕快樂(lè)的慶?；顒?dòng)。由此可知，作者在文中提到查爾斯·狄更斯是因?yàn)樗_啟了一種描寫冬天的新方式。故選C。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段可知，寒冷的冬季天氣與室內(nèi)的樂(lè)趣形成了對(duì)比。再根據(jù)第六段第二句話可知，在J.K.Rowling的《哈利?波特與魔法石》中，哈利?波特和他的朋友們?cè)谙碛檬フQ大餐時(shí)是快樂(lè)的。作者通過(guò)這個(gè)例子說(shuō)明在現(xiàn)代故事中圣誕節(jié)仍然是快樂(lè)的象征。故選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

Beforeyoumakefriends,youhavetodecidewhoyouwanttobeyourfriends.

Mostpeopleliketohavefriendswholiketodothesamekindofthingstheydo.

Thequickestwaytomakeafriendistosmile.Whenyousmile,peoplethinkyouarefriendlyandeasytotalkto.Itmaynotbeeasyatfirsttosmile,butremembermostpeoplewillstayawayfromascaledorangrylooking.

Oneeasywaytostallaconversationwithsomeoneistosaysomethingniceabouthim.Thinkabouthowgreatyoufeelwhensomeonesayssomethingnicetoyou.Doesn'titmakeyouwanttokeeptalkingtothatperson?

Askyournewfriendsquestionsaboutthemselves.Who'stheirfavouritesinger,wheredotheylive,whatdotheydoafterschoolareallgoodquestionstostartaconversation.Makesureyouhavesomethingtoaddtotheconversation,too.Thensomeoneasksyouaquestion,dohaveananswerforit.Thereisnothingthatwillstopaconversationquickerthanashrugforananswer.

Kidswhoshowaninterestinotherkidsandwhoarekindandfriendlymakegoodfriends.Remember,everyonewantstobearoundpeoplewholiketodosimilarthingsandpeoplewhoarenicetothem.（1）Thispassagegivesussomeadviceon_______.A.

howtomakefriends

B.

whoyoucanmakefriendswithC.

howtostartaconversation

D.

theimportanceofsmile（2）Mostpeopleliketomakefriendswiththose________.A.

whoaresadeveryday

B.

whosharethesameinterestC.

whoarefondoftalking

D.

whosaybadthingstothem（3）Accordingtothethirdparagraph,mostpeopleenjoytalkingtoone__________.A.

whoisalwayssmiling

B.

whoseemstobefriendlyC.

whopraisesthem

D.

whopointsouttheirshortcomings（4）Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinthispassagemean?A.

Beingveryproud.

B.

Makingnoanswer.C.

Knowingnothing.

D.

Nothopingtoanswer.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，在你交朋友之前，你必須決定你想成為誰(shuí)的朋友，大部分人想要叫朋友都做同樣的事情。作者介紹了如何交朋友．最快捷的方式是微笑，以贊美的方式開始話題，還要投其所好，這樣的話才能交到更多的朋友。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的”

Thequickestwaytomakeafriendistosmile.

“以及第四段中的"Oneeasywaytostartaconversationwithsomeone…"可知，本文講述如何人交朋友，最快捷的方式是微笑，以贊美的方式開始話題，還要投其所好，這樣才能交到更多的朋友，故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"…dothesamekindsofthingstheydo"及最后一段中的"…dosimilarthings"可知，志趣相投的人容易成為朋友，故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的”O(jiān)neeasywaytostartaconversationwithsomeoneistosaysomethingniceabouthim.Thinkabouthowgreatyoufeelwhensomeonesayssomethingnicetoyou.

“和某人開始交談的一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單方法就是說(shuō)他的好話。想一想,當(dāng)某個(gè)人總是說(shuō)你好話的時(shí)候,你感覺有多棒?？赏浦xC。（4）考查句義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第五段中的”Thereisnothingthatwillstopaconversationquickerthanashrugforananswer.“

當(dāng)你對(duì)別人的回答不屑時(shí)，談話就會(huì)立刻結(jié)束?？芍xB?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，句義猜測(cè)和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

Fordecades,doctorshavewarnedpatientsthattoomuchsaltcanbebadfortheheart.Heatattackhaslongbeenconsideredagrown-upproblem,butanewresearchsuggeststhatsaltisstartingtoaffectchildren.Eatingtoomuchsaltyfoodwhenyou'reyoungcanleadtohealthproblemslater.

Saltismadeupoftwoelements:sodiumandchlorine.Dietaryguidelinesrecommendthatadultsandkidsaged9—13shouldn'tconsumemorethanaboutateaspoonofsaltdaily.TheaverageAmericaneatstwicethisamount.Thisworriesdoctorsbecausetoomuchsodiumresultsinthebodyproducingmoreblood.Topumptheextrablood,thehearthastoworkharder.Thiscausesariseinbloodpressureameasurementofhowstressedtheheartis.Highbloodpressureoftenleadstoheartdisease.

Akidwithhighbloodpressureismorelikelytobecomeagrown-upwithhighbloodpressure.Reducingsaltmightalsohelpstopchildhoodobesity(肥胖).Britishresearchersrecentlyfoundthatkidswhoeatlesssaltalsodrinkfewersugarysoftdrinks.Drinkingfewerfizzydrinksmakeskidslesslikelytogainweight,becomeobeseanddevelophighbloodpressure.

Saltcanaffectmorethanjustyourheartandweight.ArecentstudyfoundthatagrowingnumberofkidsintheUSaresufferingfromkidneystones.Thispainfulconditionusuallyaffectspeopleagedover40.Now,kidsasyoungasfivearegettingit.

Cuttingdownonsaltcanbehard,butyoucanretrainyourselftopreferlesssaltyfood.Thebestwaytoreducetheamountofsodiumyoueatistomakechangesgradually.Startbyaddinghalfasmuchsalttoyourdinnerasyounormallydo.Switchtofreshfoodsinsteadofcannedandbottledversions.Andgoeasyonthecondiments(調(diào)味品).Youmightalsowanttostartreadingnutritionlabels.Youmaybesurprisedtolearnthatthereare1,150mgofsodiuminadoublecheeseburger,andover2,000mginmanyfrozenmeals.（1）Whatistheauthor'smajorconcern?A.Childreneattoomuchsaltyfood.B.Manyadultssufferfromheartattack.C.Americansconsumetoomuchsalt.D.Heartattackisnowayouthproblem.（2）Whatdoestheauthorrefertoasthecauseofchildhoodobesity?A.Eatingmoresaltyfood.B.Lackofphysicalexercise.C.Drinkingmanysugarysoftdrinks.D.Eatingthesamefoodastheadults.（3）WhatisanotherdiseasetendingtobeyoungeraccordingtoParagraph4?A.Obesity.B.Kidneystone.C.Blooddisease.D.Heartattack.（4）WhatisParagraph5mainlyabout?A.Thelawsofhealth.B.Howtocutdownonsalt.C.Healthydiet.D.Theamountofsaltweneed.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）B（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了鹽對(duì)心臟有影響的原因，以及人們?cè)谌粘Ｉ钪斜３值望}的生活方式。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Heatattackhaslongbeenconsideredagrown-upproblem,butanewresearchsuggeststhatsaltisstartingtoaffectchildren.Eatingtoomuchsaltyfoodwhenyou'reyoungcanleadtohealthproblemslater.”長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，心臟病被認(rèn)為是成年人的問(wèn)題，但一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，鹽開始影響兒童。年輕時(shí)吃太多咸的食物會(huì)導(dǎo)致以后的健康問(wèn)題；以及第三段中的“Akidwithhighbloodpressureismorelikelytobecomeagrown-upwithhighbloodpressure.”一個(gè)有高血壓的孩子更有可能成為一個(gè)有高血壓的成年人，可知，文章作者特別擔(dān)心孩子食用過(guò)咸的食物導(dǎo)致心臟病和高血壓。故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Reducingsaltmightalsohelpstopchildhoodobesity(肥胖).Britishresearchersrecentlyfoundthatkidswhoeatlesssaltalsodrinkfewersugarysoftdrinks.”減少鹽可能有助于阻止兒童長(zhǎng)胖。英國(guó)的研究人員最近發(fā)現(xiàn)吃鹽少的孩子喝的含糖飲料也更少，可知，作者認(rèn)為吃多鹽食品和喝過(guò)多含糖的軟飲料也會(huì)使孩子長(zhǎng)胖。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“ArecentstudyfoundthatagrowingnumberofkidsintheUSaresufferingfromkidneystones.Thispainfulconditionusuallyaffectspeopleagedover40.Now,kidsasyoungasfivearegettingit.”最近一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)越來(lái)越多的美國(guó)孩子正在患腎結(jié)石。這種痛苦的病通常只在40歲以上的人才患，現(xiàn)在五歲的孩子也在遭受這種疾病，可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在腎結(jié)石這種病正在變得年輕化。故選B。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第五段中的“Thebestwaytoreducetheamountofsodiumyoueatistomakechangesgradually.Startbyaddinghalfasmuchsalttoyourdinnerasyounormallydo.Switchtofreshfoodsinsteadofcannedandbottledversions.Andgoeasyonthecondiments(調(diào)味品).Youmightalsowanttostartreadingnutritionlabels.”減少鈉攝入量的最好方法是逐漸改變。先在晚餐中加入平時(shí)一半的食鹽。食用新鮮食品而非罐裝或者瓶裝食品。少放些調(diào)味品。你可能也要閱讀營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽?？芍径翁峁┝艘恍┛梢詼p少食鹽攝入量的方法。故選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇健康類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

YoungmumsshoppingintheCopleyMallindowntownBoston-monthfoundthemselvesbeingquestionedabouttheiruseofsoapbystudentsfromHarvardBusinessSchoolusuallyknownasHBS.Thestudentswerenotdoingoddjobstoearnbeermoney.TheywerepreparingtohelpafirminBrazillaunchanantibacterialcleanser.

The900studentsarrivinginBostonthissummerfortheirtwo-yearcourseweretoldthattheywouldbesubjects.ThenewpracticaladditiontoHBS'scurriculumisknownas"FIELD"thatstandsforFieldImmersionExperiencesforLeadershipDevelopment.Fieldwork—ie,goingoutandtalkingtopeople—isabigchangeforHBS.

Notallthestaffandstudentswereoverjoyedtobeexperimentedon.Butthemanresponsible,NitinNohria,headofHBS,saysthat"Ifitworks,theFIELDmethodcouldbecomeanequalpartnertothecasemethod."

Whathappensinthesecondyearofthenewcourseisstillbeingworkedout.Butthefirstyearhasthreeelements.First,team-buildingexercises.Studentstaketurnstoleadagroupengagedinaproject.Theylearntocooperateandtogiveandtakefeedback.Second,studentswillbesenttoworkforaweekwithoneofmorethan140firmsin11countries.Inthethirdpartofthecourse,studentswillbegiveneightweeks,andseedmoneyof＄3,000each,tolaunchasmallcompany.Themostsuccessful,asvotedbytheirfellowstudents,willgetmorefunding.Theexperimentdoesnotcomecheap,adding5-10%tothecourse'scost,whichHBSwillbearwhileitfiguresoutwhatworks.（1）Whywerethestudentsquestioningthoseyoungmums,accordingtothefirstparagraph?A.Topromoteanantibacterialcleanser.B.Toearnsomemoney.C.Topreparetohelpafirmtolaunchaproduct.D.Tomakeastudyaboutsoap.（2）Accordingtotheplanforthefirstyearcourse,thestudents_________.A.willbeledbyagroupandlearntogiveandtakefeedbackB.willhavetosetupasmallcompanyandearnatleast$3,000withineightweeksC.willgetmorefundingifhis/hercompanyisconsideredtobemostsuccessfulbythefellowstudentsD.willbesenttoworkwithoneofmorethan140firmsthroughoutthecountry（3）What'sthebesttitleforthetext?A.ANewCourse.B.WaysofLearning.C.LearningBusinessinPractice.D.LaunchingaNewBusiness.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文,介紹了哈佛大學(xué)的一個(gè)新方案，即讓學(xué)生通過(guò)實(shí)踐學(xué)習(xí)。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Thestudentswerenotdoingoddjobstoearnbeermoney.TheywerepreparingtohelpafirminBrazillaunchanantibacterialcleanser.”可知，這些學(xué)生并不在打臨時(shí)工賺取啤酒錢，他們?cè)趲椭患野臀鞴景l(fā)布一款抗病菌潔面乳做準(zhǔn)備工作。由此可知，學(xué)生們?cè)儐?wèn)年輕的媽媽們是為了推廣一款抗病菌潔面乳。故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Themostsuccessful,asvotedbytheirfellowstudents,willgetmorefunding.”可知，按照同學(xué)投票，最成功的公司將給予更豐厚的資金。由此可知，根據(jù)第一年的課程計(jì)劃，如果同學(xué)們認(rèn)為他/她的公司是最成功的，他/她的公司將獲得更多的資金。故選C。（3）考查主旨大意。縱觀全文可知，哈佛商學(xué)院改良其商業(yè)課程，讓學(xué)生實(shí)地工作，走出教室，與人交談并且還給出三個(gè)具體的要素。就是讓學(xué)生把學(xué)到的知識(shí)運(yùn)用到實(shí)踐中去，故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解

Parentswhohavebooksinthehomeincreasethelevelofeducationtheirchildrenwillattain(獲得),whetherrichorpoor,accordingtoa20-yearstudyledbyMariahEvans.

Foryears,educatorshavethoughtthe