2025年大學(xué)《阿爾巴尼亞語(yǔ)》專(zhuān)業(yè)題庫(kù)——阿爾巴尼亞語(yǔ)言學(xué)領(lǐng)域前沿研究考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______一、名詞解釋?zhuān)款}5分，共20分）1.Albanianisogloss2.Voskopojedialect3.RumaniansubstratuminAlbanian4.CorpuslinguisticsappliedtoAlbanian二、簡(jiǎn)答題（每題10分，共40分）1.BrieflyexplainthemaindifferencesbetweenGhegandToskdialectsaccordingtomoderndialectology.2.Describethemaintheoreticalapproach(es)usedincontemporaryAlbaniansyntaxresearch.3.WhatarethemainchallengesincreatingcomprehensivedigitalcorporaofendangeredlanguageslikeAlbanian?4.DiscusstheroleofsociolinguisticsinunderstandinglanguagevariationwithintheAlbanian-speakingcommunities.三、論述題（每題20分，共40分）1.criticallyevaluatethecontributionofAlbanianhistoricallinguisticstoourunderstandingofthelanguage'soriginsanditsplaceamongtheIndo-Europeanlanguages.Considerdifferentschoolsofthoughtandkeyevidencepresented.2.AnalyzetheimpactofglobalizationanddigitalcommunicationontheuseandfutureoftheAlbanianlanguage.Discusspotentialchangesinvocabulary,register,anddialectalfeatures,citingrelevantresearchfindingsifpossible.試卷答案一、名詞解釋1.Albanianisogloss:AnisoglossinAlbanianlinguisticsreferstoageographicalboundarylineonadialectmapthatseparatesareaswherespeakersusedifferentlinguisticfeatures,suchasvocabulary,pronunciation(phonology),orgrammaticalstructures(morphology).ItdemarcateszonesofdistinctlinguisticvariationwithintheAlbanianlanguage,aidingindialectclassificationandunderstandinglanguagediffusion.**解析思路：*首先定義“isogloss”作為一個(gè)語(yǔ)言學(xué)概念，然后明確其在阿爾巴尼亞語(yǔ)言學(xué)中的具體應(yīng)用——?jiǎng)澐终Z(yǔ)言特征（詞匯、語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)法）不同的地理區(qū)域，并點(diǎn)出其目的（幫助方言分類(lèi)和理解語(yǔ)言擴(kuò)散）。2.Voskopojedialect:TheVoskopojedialectisahistoricallysignificantandrelativelyconservativedialectoftheGheggroupoftheAlbanianlanguage.ItisprimarilyspokenintheVoskopojeregion(nowpartofGjirokast?rdistrict)insouthernAlbania.ItisnotableforpreservingcertainarchaicfeaturesfoundinolderformsofGhegAlbanianandhasbeenextensivelystudiedbydialectologistsduetoitsuniquecharacteristics.**解析思路：*指出其歸屬（Gheg組，阿爾巴尼亞語(yǔ)），明確地理位置（南阿爾巴尼亞的Voskopoje地區(qū)），強(qiáng)調(diào)其特點(diǎn)（相對(duì)保守，保留古特征），并說(shuō)明其研究?jī)r(jià)值（方言學(xué)家研究的重要對(duì)象）。3.RumaniansubstratuminAlbanian:TheRomaniansubstratumreferstothelinguisticinfluenceleftbyancientDaco-RomanpopulationsontheAlbanianlanguage,particularlyconcerningvocabulary.ThisinfluenceishypothesizedtohaveoccurredduringtheRomanoccupationofIllyriaandDacia.Whiletheextentisdebatedamonglinguists,wordsrelatedtotrade,agriculture,administration,anddailylifearesometimescitedaspotentialexamplesofRomaniansubstratumborrowingsinAlbanian.**解析思路：*首先定義“substratum”（底層語(yǔ)影響），明確其來(lái)源（古達(dá)契亞羅馬人），說(shuō)明背景（羅馬占領(lǐng)時(shí)期），指出影響主要體現(xiàn)在詞匯上，并提及學(xué)界對(duì)此的討論（有爭(zhēng)議）。4.CorpuslinguisticsappliedtoAlbanian:CorpuslinguisticsappliedtoAlbanianinvolvesthesystematiccollection,analysis,andstudyoflargebodiesofauthenticAlbaniantextand/orspeechdata.Researchersusecorporatoinvestigatevariouslinguisticaspectsofthelanguage,suchaswordfrequencies,collocations,grammaticalpatterns,stylisticfeatures,anddiachronicchanges,providingempiricalevidence-basedinsightsthatcomplementtraditionallinguisticanalysis.**解析思路：*定義“corpuslinguistics”（語(yǔ)料庫(kù)語(yǔ)言學(xué)）及其在阿爾巴尼亞語(yǔ)研究中的應(yīng)用，說(shuō)明方法（收集分析真實(shí)語(yǔ)料），列舉研究目的（詞匯頻率、搭配、語(yǔ)法、風(fēng)格、歷時(shí)變化），并強(qiáng)調(diào)其價(jià)值（提供實(shí)證證據(jù)，補(bǔ)充傳統(tǒng)研究）。二、簡(jiǎn)答題1.ThemaindifferencesbetweenGhegandToskdialects,asidentifiedbymoderndialectology,includevariationsinphonology(e.g.,vowelsounds,thepronunciationof's'and'sh'),morphology(e.g.,verbendings,nouncasesystems,theuseof'mb'and'nj'sounds),andvocabulary(distinctlexicalitems).Ghegisgenerallyconsideredmoreconservative,retainingfeaturesclosertoearlierforms,whileToskhasundergonemoresignificantchanges,includingsimplificationofcertaingrammaticalstructures.GhegisspokeninnorthernAlbaniaandKosovo,whileToskisspokeninthesouth,withdialectcontinuaexistingwheretheymeet.**解析思路：*從三大方面（語(yǔ)音、形態(tài)、詞匯）對(duì)比Gheg和Tosk的核心差異，點(diǎn)明Gheg的保守性及Tosk的變革性，并提及它們的主要分布區(qū)域及方言連續(xù)體的概念。2.ContemporaryAlbaniansyntaxresearchprimarilyemploystheoreticalframeworksderivedfrommodernlinguistics,notablyTransformational-GenerativeGrammar(especiallyMinimalism)andGovernmentandBindingTheory(thoughlessdominantnow),butalsoincorporatesprinciplesfromConstructionGrammar,LexicalFunctionalGrammar,andHeadParameterTheory.Researchfocusesonanalyzingcomplexphenomenalikeverbvalenceandinflection,thestructureoftheclause(nominative-accusativealignmentissues),wordorderpatterns,particleusage,andtheintegrationofcliticsandadpositions.ThereisalsoincreasinginterestinapplyingOptimalityTheorytoaccountforsyntacticvariationandselection.**解析思路：*列舉主要使用的理論框架（轉(zhuǎn)換生成語(yǔ)法、政府與約束理論、構(gòu)式語(yǔ)法等），說(shuō)明研究焦點(diǎn)（動(dòng)詞變位、句法結(jié)構(gòu)、詞序、語(yǔ)綴、粒子等），并提及當(dāng)前的研究趨勢(shì)（如OT的應(yīng)用）。3.CreatingcomprehensivedigitalcorporaofendangeredlanguageslikeAlbanianfacesseveralchallenges.First,significantportionsofthelanguage,particularlyoldervarietiesandspecificregionaldialects,mayhavelimiteddocumentedtextoraudioresources.Second,thereisaneedforlargeenoughsamplestoensurestatisticalreliabilityforlinguisticanalysis,whichrequiressubstantialrecordingandtranscriptionefforts.Third,technicalchallengesincludeselectingappropriatesoftwareplatformsforcorpuscreationandmanagement,ensuringdataquality,andstandardizingtranscriptionpracticesacrossdifferentcontributorsorregions.Finally,ethicalconsiderationsandsecuringpermissionsfromspeakersorcommunitiesforusingtheirlinguisticdataarecrucialbutcanbecomplexprocesses.**解析思路：*從四個(gè)方面闡述挑戰(zhàn)：資源有限性（文本/音頻）、樣本量需求、技術(shù)難題（平臺(tái)/標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化）、倫理與許可問(wèn)題，逐一分析。4.SociolinguisticsplaysavitalroleinunderstandinglanguagevariationwithinAlbanian-speakingcommunitiesbyinvestigatinghowsocialfactorslikeage,gender,education,socialclass,ethnicity,地域(region),andidentityinfluencelanguageuse.Ithelpsidentifypatternsofvariationinpronunciation,vocabulary,andgrammaracrossdifferentsocialgroupsandcontexts(formalvs.informal).Sociolinguisticstudiesrevealthedynamicsoflanguagechange,theprocessesoflanguageshiftormaintenance,andthesocialmeaningattachedtodifferentlinguisticformsordialects.Thisknowledgeiscrucialfordevelopingeffectivelanguagepolicies,educationprograms,andfordocumentinglinguisticdiversitywithintheAlbanianspeechcommunity.**解析思路：*闡述社會(huì)學(xué)的作用，強(qiáng)調(diào)其關(guān)注點(diǎn)（社會(huì)因素與語(yǔ)言變異的關(guān)系），說(shuō)明研究能揭示的內(nèi)容（變異模式、語(yǔ)言變遷、社會(huì)意義），并點(diǎn)出實(shí)際應(yīng)用價(jià)值（政策、教育、記錄）。三、論述題1.AlbanianhistoricallinguisticshasmadesignificantcontributionstounderstandingtheoriginsandpositionofthelanguagewithintheIndo-Europeanfamily.ThedisciplinehastracedtheevolutionofAlbanianphonology,morphology,andvocabulary,demonstratinglinkstobothSatemandCentumfeatures,leadingtotheoriesplacingAlbanianattheperipheryorneartheoriginoftheSatemgroup.Researchonsubstrateinfluences(e.g.,Illyrian,Latin,Romanian)andsuperstrateeffects(e.g.,Slavic,OttomanTurkish)hasprovidedinsightsintothelanguage'sdevelopmentduringitscontactwithneighboringpeoples.ComparativestudieswithcloselyrelatedlanguagesandsystematicanalysisofarchaicfeaturespreservedincertaindialectsorgrammaticalformshavehelpedreconstructearlierstagesofthelanguageandsolidifyitsclassificationasadistinctbranchofIndo-European,distinctfrombothBalto-SlavicandItalicbranches,thoughwithcomplexarealrelationships.**解析思路：*從貢獻(xiàn)角度展開(kāi)：追溯演變（語(yǔ)音形態(tài)詞匯）并聯(lián)系語(yǔ)系分類(lèi)（Satem/Centum），研究接觸語(yǔ)言影響（底層/上層），通過(guò)比較和重構(gòu)（古階段、分類(lèi)）來(lái)論證歷史語(yǔ)言學(xué)的作用，強(qiáng)調(diào)其在確定阿爾巴尼亞語(yǔ)起源和譜系上的重要性。2.GlobalizationanddigitalcommunicationareprofoundlyimpactingtheuseandfutureoftheAlbanianlanguage,potentiallyleadingtobothchallengesandopportunities.Ontheonehand,increasedexposuretoglobalmedia(internet,socialmedia,internationalnews)canleadtoincreaseduseofEnglishloanwordsandpotentiallyinfluencephoneticsandsyntaxtowardsmoreinternationalnorms,especiallyamongyoungergenerations.Thedigitalspheremightalsofostertheuseofamorestandardizedvariety,potentiallyattheexpenseofregionaldialects.Ontheotherhand,theint