現(xiàn)在完成時一、現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成have/has+V過去分詞二、現(xiàn)在完成時的定義現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作發(fā)生在過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還有可能持續(xù)下去;對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。例:①Ihavebeenasoldierforthreeyears.我參軍三年了。②Ihavelostmypen,soIhavetobuyone.我丟了鋼筆，所以得去買一枝。三、現(xiàn)在完成時的用法(1)表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。這個動作可能剛停止，可能仍然在進行。常帶有for和since等表示一段時間的狀語。例如：Ihaven’tseenherforfouryears.我有四年沒見到她了。Hehastaughtheresince1981.他自1981年就在這兒教書。（可能還要繼續(xù)）練習：用since或for填空。①Wehavelearnedfivelessonssincethebeginningofthisterm.②Tomhasbeeninhospitalsincelastweek.③Ihavestayedatmyaunt’shomefortwoweeks.(2)表示動作發(fā)生在過去某個不確定的時間，但對現(xiàn)在留下了某種影響和結(jié)果。常被already、yet等副詞修飾，通常譯為“已經(jīng)”。例如：—Haveyouhadlunchyet?你（已經(jīng)）吃午飯了嗎？—Yes,Ihave.I’vealreadyhadit.是的，吃過了。我已經(jīng)吃過。（現(xiàn)在不餓了）練習：用動詞的適當形式填空用already或yet填空。①Havetheytakendowntheoldpicturesyet?No,notyet.②Mostofushavealreadyfinishedreadingthebook.③Hehasn’tvisitedtheparkyet.(3)表示說話前發(fā)生過一次，多次或從未發(fā)生的動作，一般譯為“過”，常帶有twice,ever,never,threetimes等時間狀語。例如：IhavebeentoBeijingtwice.我去過北京兩次。IhaveneverbeentoBeijing.我從未去過北京。練習：用所給詞的適當形式填空1.Haveyoueverbeen(be)tothewaterpark?2.Ihavebeen(be)toShanghaitwice.3.Tomhasbeen(be)toBeijingbofore.四、現(xiàn)在完成時的標志詞(1)for,since,just,sofar,recently,inthepastfewyears,uptonow(時間類)(2)already,yet(已經(jīng)類)(3)once,twice,threetimes,ever,never,before(次數(shù)類)練習

1.She’slived(live)heresinceshewasten.2.Bothofthemhavebeen(be)inHongKongfortendays.3.Halfanhourhaspassed(pass)sincethetrainleft(leave).4.Haveyoufound(find)yourwatchyet?5.Allofmyclassmatesaren’tinclassroom.Maybetheyhavegone(go)tothelibrary.五、havebeento;havegoneto;havebeenin的區(qū)別

havebeento：曾去過某地，現(xiàn)已回來了，后面可接表示“次數(shù)”的狀語;havegoneto：到某地去了或在途中，還沒有返回，說話時該人不在現(xiàn)場;havebeenin：表示某人“已在某地停留一段時間，現(xiàn)仍在那里”，其后常帶表示一段時間的狀語。

例如：JackhasbeentoShanghaitwice.杰克去過上海兩次了。

Tomisn'there.HehasgonetoQingdao.Tom不在這。他去青島了。

IhavebeeninBeijingfor5years.

我在北京待了5年了。練習：用havebeento,havebeenin,havegoneto及go的各種形式填空。1.—WhereisJack?—Hehasgonetohiscountry.

2.JohnhasbeeninEnglandsincehecameback.3.Howlonghaveyoubeeninthisvillage?

4.TheSmithshavebeeninBeijingforyears.5.

—HaveyoueverbeentoAmerica?—Yes,Ihavebeentheremanytimes.

6.

Ihavebeeninthisschoolsincethreeyearsago.7.—Wouldyouliketogothezoowithme?—Yes,butIhavebeentherebefore.七、V過去分詞的變化規(guī)則(1)規(guī)則變化情況變形示例一般情況直接加edwork-worked,visit-visited以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾加dlive-lived,use-used輔音加y結(jié)尾改y為i，再加edstudy-studied,carry-carried一個元音加一個輔音雙寫輔音，再加edstop-stopped,plan-planned不規(guī)則變化原形過去式過去分詞AAA型cutputletsethitcosthurtreadcutputletsethitcosthurtreadcutputletsethitcosthurtreadAAB型beatbeatbeatenABA型comebecomeruncamebecamerancomebecamerunABB型havegettellmakelosefeelfindkeepbuildbringbuyteachthinkcatchhadgottoldmadelostfeltfoundkeptbuiltbroughtboughttaughtthoughtcaughthadgottoldmadelostfeltfoundkeptbuiltbroughtboughttaughtthoughtcaughtABC

型begoseegivetakeknowswimwritebreakforgetdrivebeginblowwas/werewentsawgavetookknewswamwrotebrokeforgotdrovebeganblewbeengoneseengiventakenknownswumwrittenbrokenforgottendrivenbegunblown練習:寫出下列動詞的過去式和過去分詞want---wanted---wantedkeep---kept---keptstudy---studied---studiedbecome---became---becomefinish---finished---finishedgo---went---gonejoin---joined---joinedbuy---bought---boughtcut---cut---cutthink---thought---thought現(xiàn)在完成時的相關(guān)句式havehas主語第一/二人稱單數(shù)/復數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù)肯定句Theyhavealreadyreadthisbook.Hehasalreadyfinishedhishomework.否定句Theyhaven’treadthisbookyet.Hehasn'tfinishedhishomeworkyet.一般疑問句Havetheyreadthisbookyet?Hashefinishedhishomeworkyet?一般疑問句的回復Yes,theyhave./No,theyhaven’t.Yes,hehas./No,hehasn't.練習:句型轉(zhuǎn)換題1Ihavebeentherefortwoyears.否定句：Ihaven’tbeentherefortwoyears.一般疑問句：Haveyoubeentherefortwoyears?肯定回答：Yes,Ihave.否定回答：No,Ihaven’t.題2Myfatherhaslivedheresince2000.否定句：Myfatherhasn’tlivedheresince2000.疑問句：Hasyourfatherlivedheresince2000?肯定回答：Yes,hehas.否定回答：No,hehasn’t.八、延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞1.延續(xù)性動詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動作，這種動作可以延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久影響。2.非延續(xù)性動詞也稱終止性動詞/瞬間動詞或短暫性動詞，表示不能延續(xù)的動作，這種動作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。在完成時中，一個瞬間動詞不能直接與表示一段時間的狀語(for,since等)連用。此時須將該瞬間動詞改為延續(xù)性動詞或狀態(tài)動詞：瞬間動詞延續(xù)性動詞buy

(bought)have

had

買borrow

(borrowed)have

kept

借die

(died)have

been

dead

死leave

(left)have

been

away

(

from

)

離開begin

(began),start(started)have

been

on

開始join

(joined)have

been

in

參加go

(went)have

been

there

/

in

去come/arrive/reach/get

tohave

been

here

/

in

來/達end

(ended)havebeen

over

結(jié)束例：Thefilm

began

five

minutes

ago.

The

film

has

been

on

for

five

minutes.

Ithas

been

five

minutes

since

the

film

began.

①用“be＋形容詞”代終止性動詞1.“be＋married”

代替marry2.“be＋ill”

代替fall(get)

ill

3.“be＋dead”

代替die4.“be＋asleep”

代替fall(get)

asleep

5.“be＋awake”

代替wake/wakeup

6.“be＋gone”

代替lose,die,sell,leave7.“be＋open”

代替open8.“beclosed”

代替close/shut②用“be＋副詞”代終止性動詞1.“be＋up”

代替getup2.“be＋back(to)”

代替returnto,come

back

to,go

back

to

3.“behere

(there)”

代替come(arrive,reach,get)

here或go

(arrive,reach,get)

there等等③用“be＋介詞短語”代終止性動詞1.”bein/at

+地點”

代替go

to

/come

to

2.”用bein

the

army”

代替join

the

army

3.”bein/at

+地點”

代替move

to

練習:單選題（C）1.LiHonghas______thearmyfor2years.A.joinedB.beinC.beeninD.joinedin（B）2.Mike___________thestoryforamonth.A.hasboughtB.hashadC.hadhadD.hasborrowed（B）3.Mr.Black_________Chinasincethesummerof1998.A.hasbeentoB.hasbeeninC.hascometoD.cameto（B）4.Hisfather_______foryears.A.hasdiedB.hasbeendeadC.diedD.dies八、現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的比較1)

一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調(diào)動作;現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強調(diào)的是影響。

Isawthisfilmyesterday.我昨天看了這部電影。（強調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了。）

Ihaveseenthisfilm.我看過這部電影了。（強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）2)

一般過去時常與具體的表示過去的時間狀語連用;現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。一般過去時的時間狀語：

yesterday;lastweek;;ago;in1990;inOctober;justnow;現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語：

already;ever;

for;just;never;since;yet;sofar;till/until;

uptonow;inthepastfewyears;recently;3)

現(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，動詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如：live;teach;learn;work;study;know等;一般過去時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become等。

ShejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago.

她三年前入團了。

(加入的動作不是延續(xù)的)

ShehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).

她入團三年了。(在團內(nèi)的狀態(tài)，可延續(xù))

ShehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).

她入團三年了。(是團員的狀態(tài)，可持續(xù))當句首為疑問詞when時，其后可用一般過去時，不能用現(xiàn)在完成時。如：你什么時候和他首次見面的?

誤：Whenhaveyoufirstmethim?

正：Whendidyoufirstmeethim?練習：一.單項選擇（D）1.---He____todrawhorsesalready.---When______helearn?---Lastyear.A.learned;hasB.learned;didhaslearned;hasD.haslearned;did（C）2.---____you_____thetextyet?---Yes,we____ittwohoursago.A.Did;copy;didB.Have;copied;haveC.Have;copied;did

D.Did;copy;had（A）3.______you__________thefilmbefore?Where_____you____it?A.Have;seen;did;seeB.Did;see;did;watchC.Have;seen;have;seenD.Did;see;have;seen（D）4.You____mewaitingfortwohours.I____foryousincefive.A.kept;waitedB.havekept;waitedC.kept;havewaitedD.havekept;havewaited（C）5.I_______theway.I________hereforquitemanyyears.A.knew;havelivedB.knew;liveC.know;havelivedD.know;live（C）6._____youever_____America?A.Have;gonetoB.Have;goneinC.Have;beentoD.Have;beenin（D）7.He______theArmyin1989.He______inthearmysincethen.A.joined;isB.hasjoined;hasbeenC.hadjoined;isD.joined;hasbeen（C）8.---I__________thefilm“Titanic”already.---When__________you__________it？---Thedaybeforeyesterday.A.saw;have;seenB.haveseen;will;seeC.haveseen;did;seeD.saw;did;seen（B）9.MrBlack__________inChinasincefiveyearsago.A.livedB.haslivedC.livesD.isgoingtolive（B）10.We____treeslastSunday.Sofarwe____over3,000treesthere.A.planted;plantedB.planted;haveplantedC.haveplanted;plantedD.haveplanted;haveplanted二.用go的適當形式填空1.

—Whendidhego?—Hewentanhourago.2.—Wheredidyougojustnow?—Iwenttothezoo.3.Heoftengoesswimming.

4.Didyougotherelastyear?5.Dotheyoftengoskatinginwinter?

小結(jié)練習一、句子翻譯1.---你讀過這本書了嗎？---Haveyoureadthisbookyet?---是的，我讀過了。---Yes,Ihave.---你什么時候讀的？---Whendidyoureadit?---我去年讀的。---Ireaditlastyear.2.---你爸爸在這家公司（company)工作多久了？---Howlonghasyourfatherworked

inthiscompany?

---我爸爸在這家公司工作了12年了。---Myfatherhasworkedinthiscompanyfor

12years.

3.

我爸爸自從2014年開始就在這家公司工作。Myfatherhasworked

inthiscompanysince2014.二、選擇題（C）1.Haveyouever____toShanghai?A.beB.areC.beenD.is（D）2.----HaveyoubeentoHangzhou?----No,I____.A.hasB.haveC.hasn'tD.haven't（A）3.Whereisyoursister?She________thebank.A.hasgonetoB.hasbeentoC.goestoD.wentto（B）4.Lucyhasn’tbeentoTaiwan____,butshehas___beentoHongKong.A.already,yetB.yet,alreadyC.already,alreadyD.yet,yet（C）5.HaveyoumetMr.Wang___?A.justB.agoC.beforeD.amomentago（B）6.They_____thisconcerttwicealready.A.seeB.haveseenC.sawD.willsee（D）7.----Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?----I___yet.A.didn’tdecideB.won’tdecideC.havedecidedD.haven’tdecided（A）8.Ihaven’tseenthemovie___.A.yetB.everC.alreadyD.just（B）9.We____theprojectlastmonth,butwestillhavesomeworktodo.A.havefinishedB.finishedC.finishD.arefinishing（B）10.I________Beijingtwice.It'safascinatingcity.A.havegonetoB.havebeentoC.wenttoD.amgoingto（A）11.Lily________themuseum.She'llbebacksoon.A.hasgonetoB.hasbeentoC.wenttoD.goesto（B）12.They_____inthiscityforover5years.A.liveB.havelivedC.livedD.wereliving（B）13.I____theoperaalready.