2025年大學(xué)《菲律賓語》專業(yè)題庫——菲律賓語文化與民俗傳承考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______一、選擇題1.菲律賓哪個(gè)地區(qū)是伊斯蘭教影響最深的地區(qū)？A.伊洛卡諾地區(qū)B.塔加洛地區(qū)C.西部棉蘭老島D.中部萊特島2.菲律賓人普遍使用的問候語“Kumustaka?”在字面意思上最接近于哪個(gè)中文問候語？A.你好嗎？B.你叫什么名字？C.你從哪里來？D.你多大了？3.菲律賓的“BarongTagalog”男士禮服通常搭配哪種頭飾或發(fā)飾穿著？A.“Terno”連衣裙B.“Pangulay”頭巾C.“Saya”頭飾D.“Kiping”紙片4.菲律賓的“Kulintang”樂器屬于以下哪一類？A.彈撥樂器B.打擊樂器C.吹奏樂器D.合成樂器5.菲律賓哪個(gè)城市以其盛大的街頭節(jié)日和彩色面具而聞名，被稱為“面具之都”？A.馬尼拉B.宿務(wù)C.愛妮斯D.卡拉棉6.菲律賓的“Bayanihan”精神最常用來形容哪種行為？A.個(gè)人奮斗獲取成功B.鄰里互相幫助，共同搬運(yùn)重物或建設(shè)房屋C.精神上的互相鼓勵(lì)D.季節(jié)性的旅游活動(dòng)7.菲律賓的“Sinulog”節(jié)日主要在哪個(gè)城市舉行？A.馬尼拉B.達(dá)沃C.錫布延D.伊士巴尼利亞8.菲律賓傳統(tǒng)民居“Nipahut”的主要建筑材料是什么？A.石頭和木材B.磚塊和水泥C.麥稈和樹葉D.蘆葦和竹子9.菲律賓的“SimbangGabi”宗教儀式通常在哪個(gè)時(shí)間進(jìn)行？A.清晨B.正午C.黃昏D.傍晚10.菲律賓哪種傳統(tǒng)食物通常用發(fā)酵的椰漿和豬肉烹制而成？A.LechonB.AdoboC.SinigangD.Kare-Kare二、填空題1.菲律賓的官方語言中，__________是基于塔加洛語演變而來的。2.菲律賓的國旗采用藍(lán)、紅、白三色，藍(lán)色代表__________。3.菲律賓的“KapeKawayan”是一種傳統(tǒng)的__________。4.菲律賓的“SantoNi?o”信仰與西班牙殖民時(shí)期的__________密切相關(guān)。5.菲律賓的“Ati-Atihan”節(jié)日是菲律賓人最多的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日之一，其名稱據(jù)說來源于__________與__________的傳說。6.菲律賓的“Tinikling”舞蹈以其模仿__________踩踏竹竿的技巧而著名。7.菲律賓社會(huì)深受__________的影響，家庭觀念通常比較重視集體。8.菲律賓文化中的“Anito”泛指各種__________或祖先的靈魂。9.在菲律賓，稱謂“Lolo”通常指__________。10.菲律賓的“Bayanihan”精神體現(xiàn)了__________的價(jià)值觀。三、名詞解釋1.Bayanihan2.Parol3.Anito4.Magellan'sCross四、簡答題1.簡述菲律賓“Kulintang”音樂的主要特點(diǎn)和其文化意義。2.簡述菲律賓“SimbangGabi”儀式的主要內(nèi)容及其宗教文化背景。3.簡述影響菲律賓文化多樣性的主要?dú)v史因素。五、論述題結(jié)合菲律賓的具體文化現(xiàn)象或民俗活動(dòng)，論述全球化對菲律賓傳統(tǒng)文化傳承帶來的挑戰(zhàn)與機(jī)遇。試卷答案一、選擇題1.C2.A3.B4.B5.D6.B7.A8.C9.A10.B二、填空題1.Tagalog2.PeaceandFriendship(orFreedom)3.Coffee4.SantoNi?o5.Ati(negroes);Aeta(indigenouspeople)6.Bamboopoles7.Catholicism8.Ancestorspirits9.Grandfather10.UtangnaLoob(DebtofGratitude/communalspirit)三、名詞解釋1.Bayanihan:BayanihanisaFilipinovalueandtraditionemphasizingcommunalunity,cooperation,andmutualhelp,oftenmanifestingasneighborscollectivelyhelpingafamilymovetoanewhouse,carryingthebelongingsonbamboopoles.Itreflectsaspiritofselflessnessandstrongcommunitybonds.2.Parol:ParolareFilipinoChristmaslanterns,typicallystar-shapedandmadeofpaperorwovenbamboo,decoratedwithlights.TheyarehungoutsidehomesduringtheChristmasseason,symbolizinghope,faith,andthearrivaloftheChristmasstaraccordingtoPhilippinemythology.3.Anito:Anitoreferstothepre-HispanicindigenousFilipinospiritsordeitiesbelievedtoinhabitnaturalphenomenaliketrees,rocks,water,andfire.Theywereconsideredancestorsorpersonifiednaturalforcesandwereworshippedthroughrituals,dances,andofferings.ThisbeliefsystemlargelycoexistsorwassyncretizedwithlaterCatholicism.4.Magellan'sCross:Magellan'sCrossisanancientChristiancrossbelievedtohavebeenplantedbyFerdinandMagellaninCebuin1521,markingthefirstCatholicmassheldinthePhilippines.ItisconsideredtheoldestreligiousrelicinthecountryandremainsasignificantsymbolofChristianityinthePhilippines,housedwithintheBasilicaMinoredeSanPedro.四、簡答題1.KulintangMusic:KulintangisatraditionalFilipinogongmusicensembleprimarilyfromtheSouthernPhilippines(VisayasandMindanao).Itsmaininstrumentsconsistoflargegongs(gantang),asmallgong(kubing),andpairsofsmallgongs(antangan).Themusicischaracterizedbyitsdistinctiverhythmicpatterns,oftenplayedincomplexinterplaybetweentheinstruments,creatingabrightandresonantsound.Culturally,Kulintangmusicisdeeplyembeddedinthetraditionsofvariousindigenousgroups,accompanyingrituals,festivals,weddings,andothersignificantcommunityevents,servingasavitalmediumforpreservingidentityandtransmittingculturalheritage.2.SimbangGabi:SimbangGabiisatraditionalFilipinonine-dayseriesofMassesheldbeforeChristmas,typicallystartingontheeveningofDecember16thandendingonChristmasEve.Thenamemeans"NightMass"inTagalog.Devoteesoftenattendtheseearlymorningmasseswhileitisstilldark,sometimesbringingsnackslikebibingka(ricecake)andsalop(hotchocolate)toshare.ItholdsdeepreligioussignificanceformanyFilipinos,symbolizingspiritualpreparationforthecelebrationofthebirthofJesusChrist.Beyonditsreligiousaspects,SimbangGabialsostrengthenscommunitybondsandreflectstheuniqueblendofFilipinopietyandculturalpractices.3.HistoricalFactorsInfluencingPhilippineCulturalDiversity:TheculturaldiversityofthePhilippinesisaresultofseveralkeyhistoricalfactors.Firstly,pre-colonialtimessawtheexistenceofnumerousindigenousgroupswithdistinctlanguages,traditions,andsocialstructuresscatteredacrossthearchipelago.Secondly,Spanishcolonization(1521-1898)introducedCatholicism,Spanishlanguage,architecture,andadministrativesystems,whichbecamedominant,especiallyinthecentralandnorthernislands,whilesignificantlyinfluencingtheculturesofindigenouspeoples.Thirdly,Americancolonization(1898-1946)broughtEnglish,democraticideals,moderneducation,andfurtherWesterninfluences,particularlyinurbanareasandtheeducationsystem.Finally,post-colonialeradevelopments,includingincreasedinter-islandmigration,globalisation,mediainfluence,andcontinuedinteractionwithothercultures,havefurthershapedandsometimeschallengedthediverseculturallandscapeofthePhilippinestoday.五、論述題GlobalizationpresentsbothsignificantchallengesandopportunitiesforthepreservationandtransmissionoftraditionalPhilippinecultureandfolkheritage.Ononehand,challengesariseasincreasedglobalconnectivityexposesFilipinos,particularlytheyoungergeneration,toforeigncultures,values,andlifestylesthroughtheinternet,globalmedia,andtravel.Thisexposurecanleadtoculturalhomogenization,whereuniquelocaltraditions,languages(like少數(shù)民族languages),andcustomsmayfadeawayastheyareovershadowedbymoregloballydominanttrends.Theinfluxofglobalconsumerismcanalsoerodetraditionalcraftsmanshipandartisanalpractices,ascheaper,mass-producedforeigngoodsbecomemoreaccessible.Furthermore,economicpressuresoftenpushcommunitiestowardsurbanization,potentiallyleadingtotheneglectofruraltraditionsandthedisplacementofindigenouscommunitiesfromtheirancestrallands,disruptingthecontinuityofculturalpracticestiedtospecificenvironments.However,globalizationalsooffersconsiderableopportunitiesforculturaltransmissionandrevitalization.ItprovidesplatformsforFilipinostosharetheirrichculturalheritagewiththeworld.Traditionalarts,music,dance,andcuisinegaininternationalrecognitionthroughfestivals,culturalexchanges,onlineplatforms,andsocialmedia,reachingglobalaudiencespreviouslyunawareofFilipinotraditions.ThisexternalinterestcanfosterprideamongFilipinosandencouragesupportforculturalpreservationefforts.Globalizationalsofacilitateseasieraccessto