中考英語復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解五大題型解題方法：閱讀理解主旨大意閱讀理解-閱讀理解-主旨大意一、考點熱點回顧主要特點：文體多樣，題材各異，生活化，知識化。近年來，閱讀篇目題材形式有如下特征：1.科普知識：介紹科普知識、科研動態(tài)以及科技成果的開發(fā)、特點、用途等等。2.哲理短文：有理論、有事實。作者往往根據(jù)一些很普通的事實，通過嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)乃季S，縝密的推理得出一個具有普遍性或指導(dǎo)性的觀點。3.新聞報道：主題突出；要點明顯（五個“W”：when，where，who，what，which）4.人物傳記：以記敘某個人物的生平事跡、趣聞軼事、生活背景、成長或奮斗歷程為主。5.短篇故事：與人物傳記不同的是，這類文章一般描述的是一件具體的事情的起因、經(jīng)過、結(jié)果等。6.史地文化：設(shè)計某個或幾個國家、地區(qū)、河流、山脈、海洋、城鎮(zhèn)等的地理位置以及與之相關(guān)的社會生活、政治經(jīng)濟、人文歷史、自然資源、文化習(xí)俗等方面的情況，相當(dāng)一部分文章還附有圖表供理解或選擇。7.幽默小品：這類文章是對社會生活、人的性格特點、行為舉止的某些可笑的特征進行戲劇性描繪的特殊文體。特別要把握文章的最后幾句，分析它們與上文的對應(yīng)關(guān)系，找出文章的“幽默點”。8.圖形表格：無文字表述，或只有少量的文字表述。題型特點1.閱讀理解對考生的要求：《新課標(biāo)》規(guī)定：英語學(xué)習(xí)的目的是通過聽、說、讀、寫的訓(xùn)練，使學(xué)生獲得英語基礎(chǔ)知識和為交際運用英語的能力，以及發(fā)展學(xué)生的思維能力和自學(xué)能力。閱讀理解要求能獨立閱讀所學(xué)的語言材料范圍內(nèi)生詞率不超過2%的材料。閱讀能力是一項重要的語言技能，閱讀理解要求我們既要具備一定的詞匯量和語法知識，較多的語言經(jīng)驗的積累和良好的語言感覺，又要具備一定的文化背景知識和相關(guān)的閱讀技能。（1.記敘類：考點：寫人與說事方面的材料閱讀理解難點：說事方面的材料閱讀理解熱點：新聞焦點人物或最新發(fā)生的事情（2.說明類：考點：說明類材料的閱讀理解難點：涉及地理知識的閱讀理解熱點：介紹最近的一些高科技產(chǎn)品發(fā)明以及介紹一些動物知識（3.議論類：考點：議社交文化禮儀、環(huán)保方面、談家庭、學(xué)校、國家文化教育理念、太空探索方面的閱讀理解難點：太空探索方面的閱讀理解熱點：社交文化禮儀、環(huán)境保護、文化教育理念、太空探索（4.應(yīng)用文：考點：廣告類、書信、電子郵件、便條、圖表等其他類型的應(yīng)用文閱讀理解難點：廣告類的應(yīng)用文熱點：廣告類的應(yīng)用文2.閱讀題的題型特點：在中考試題中，閱讀理解舉足輕重，占卷面總分的35%，近幾年中考試題中，閱讀理解題設(shè)計的大多題型為單項選擇，判斷正誤，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容補全信息或根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容簡略回答問題。該試題類型所提供的閱讀材料一般淺于所學(xué)的課文，它要求考生通讀全文后能夠理解其內(nèi)容，然后做文章后面的題目，即從四個選項中選出能回答所提問題或判斷所給句子與原文內(nèi)容是否相符等題目。這一題型著重測試學(xué)生理解性閱讀的能力，通常有以下幾種類型：①主題思想型。②細節(jié)辨認型。③推理判斷型④猜測詞義型。⑤判斷正誤型。3.解題思路與技巧①同學(xué)拿到文章后，先將其通讀1~2遍，注意文章開頭的句子和每段的首句，它們往往是對段落或全文意思起概括或引導(dǎo)性的句子，無論是科普性質(zhì)的說明文還是故事性的記敘文，在閱讀時，都應(yīng)積極地開動腦筋，調(diào)動大腦中儲存的有效知識和想象力，邊讀邊設(shè)想，有時會使晦澀難懂的句子變得輕松易懂，根據(jù)文章的性質(zhì)，在閱讀時還要有意識地記住關(guān)鍵的內(nèi)容和詞匯，如：人物、事情發(fā)生的時間、地點、情節(jié)和結(jié)局。②遇到不認識的生詞，不要害怕或馬上查字典，要繼續(xù)讀下去，根據(jù)上下文的意思推測詞義。③當(dāng)讀到文章含義不明的地方，往往是某些詞語的理解沒有銜接好，所以在閱讀時，要注意識別代詞，如this，it，one等，根據(jù)上下文判斷其指代內(nèi)容，注意識別省略成分，明確省略內(nèi)容；注意識別表示并列，轉(zhuǎn)折（and，but，so，or，for），因果（because，as，sothat）等邏輯關(guān)系及相關(guān)標(biāo)志詞，如atfirst，forexample，then，atlast，inaword等，以達到對文章篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的準(zhǔn)確把握和理解。④應(yīng)該先做容易的題，難題可放在后面有時間再做。⑤選項完成之后，應(yīng)趁熱打鐵，把文章復(fù)讀一遍，用全文的主題思想來統(tǒng)率各個題目，并反復(fù)審核那些沒有把握的題目，爭取做到意通理順，理解無誤?？傊瑧?yīng)該學(xué)會在閱讀中多思索，多分析，既要看到文章的字面意思，也要推斷出字里行間的含義，作者的意圖，切記做題時要遵循原文，不要憑空想象，夾雜個人思想。技能訓(xùn)練1.主旨大意題：這類題目主要是考查對作者意圖或文章意圖的理解，寫一篇文章或者陳述一個事實，或者解釋一個問題，或者論證一個道理，這種“陳述”“解釋”“論證”就是作者的意圖，在閱讀理解中，作者意圖和文章意圖是統(tǒng)一的、一致的、不可分割的。主旨大意題可分成主題型，標(biāo)題型和目的型，主題型一目了然就是找中心（Mainidea）；標(biāo)題型是為文章材料選擇標(biāo)題（Title）；目的型就是推斷作者的寫作意圖（Purpose），這類題常見的命題方式有：（1）Whatisthemainidea（subject）ofthispassage?（2）Themainpointofthepassageis…（3）Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?（4）Thetitlethebestexpressthethemeofthepassageis…（5）Thebesttitleforthepassageis…（6）Thepurposeofthewriterinwritingthispassage…（7）Thisstorymainlytellusabout…完成題目的思路和技巧：首先對文章進行概括，掌握文章的中心思想是英語閱讀的關(guān)鍵，所以，應(yīng)采取快速閱讀法瀏覽全文，理解文章大意，閱讀時要注意文章的開頭，結(jié)尾及段落的段首句和段尾句，因為它們往往包含文章的中心議題。遇到主旨大意題，首先要掌握字面信息，其次對全部信息進行加工概括，獲取信息內(nèi)涵，得出合理主題。二、經(jīng)典例題例1.TheManhattan（NewYorkCity）telephonebookisoneofthelargestofitskindinthecountry.About1500000copiesofthisbookareprinted（印刷）eachyear.Tomakethepaperofthebooks,4,3000treesarecutdown.Therearetwenty-sixcolumns（欄目）ofSmithsandtwenty-threeofBrowns.Ifallthecopiesofthisbookwerestackedontopofeachother,theywouldmakeapilefortymileshigh.Thesubjectoftheparagraphis___________.A.whattheManhattanphonebookislike.B.wheretheManhattantelephonebookisprinted.C.howmanytelephonesthereareinNewYork.D.SmithandBrownarethemostpopularnamesinNewYork.例2.Onemorninganoldmanlefthishousewithsixdonkeys.Afteratime,hegottired,sohegotononeofthedonkeys.Hecountedthedonkeys,andthereareonlyfive.Sohegotoffthedonkey,andwenttolookforthesixth,helookedandlooked,buthecouldn’tfindit,sohewentbacktothedonkeysagain,andtheystarted.Afterafewmiuntes,hecountedthedonkeysagain,andagaintherewereonlyfive!Hecouldn’tunderstand.Justthenafriendpassedhim.Theoldmansaidtohim,“Ileftmyhousewithsixdonkeys.ThenIhadfive,thenIhadsixagain,andnowIhaveonlyfive!Look!One,two,three,four,five.” “But”saidhisfriend,“youaresittingonadonkey,too.Thisisthesixth.Andyouaretheseventh!” Themainideaofthepassageisthat___________. A.sometimespeoplemakefoolishmistakesB.peoplearecleverthandonkeysC.oldpeoplearenotcleverasyoungpeopleD.donkeysarefoolishanimals.

例3.Smallchildrenoftenlaughatlameorblindpersonorsomeoneinbadclothes.Butastheygrowup,theylearnnottohurtpeople’sfeelingsbylaughingattheirproblems.Theylearntolaughatthemselves.Forexample,youmakeamistakeandlostinafootballmatch.Doyoubecomeangry?Orcanyoulaughatyourselfandhopetodobetternexttime?Ifyoucan,it’sagoodsignyou’vereallygrowup. Thetextismostlyabout_____________. A.whylaughisgoodforyourbodyB.whatyoushouldlaughatC.whereyoumaylaughD.howyoucanlaughatyourself三、過手訓(xùn)練（A）Manypeoplebelievethatbatsareblind.Weoftenhearthesaying“Blindasbats.”Butbatscanfindtheirwayaroundverywell,becausetheycanseewiththeirears.Thisisnotfunnyasitseems.Mostbatsmakeahighsound.Itissohighthatwecannothearwithoutears.Theyscreechwhentheymovearound,andtheechoesofthesecriescomebacktotheirears.Inthiswaytheycantellwherethingsare.Batsgoouttoeatatnight.Inthedaytimetheyhangclosetogetherintheircaves,treesorotherdarkplaces.Wheneveningcomes,theyflyouttolookforfood.Inthemorningtheycomebackhometorestuntilthenexteveningcomes.Batsareveryusefulanimals.Theyhaveinsectsforfood,andtheykillalotofinsectseveryyear.1.Thebesttitleofthepassageis_____A.“HowPeopleLooksatBats”B.“HowBatsLookforFood”C.“HowBatsSeeThings”D.“Bats”2.Themainideaofthefirstparagraphis_____________.A.howpeoplelookatbatsB.howbatsfindthingsC.howbatsfindfoodD.howbatseatinsect3.Themainideaofsecondparagraphis______________A.whenbatsgotolookforfoodB.howbatseatforfoodC.whatbatseatforfoodD.whybatsgooutatnight（B）AStrangeWayofSendingAMessageSomepeopledon’tneedamailboxtosendamessage.Theyuseabottleinstead.Herearetwostoriesaboutpeoplewhosentamessageinabottle.Bothofthemaretrue.In1956,asailorfromSwedenwasonaship.Hewrotealetter,askingotherstowritetohim.Heputtheletterinabottleandthrewthebottleintothesea.Twoyearslater,amanfoundthebottleonabeachinItaly.Hereadtheletterandshowedittohisdaughter.Shewas18.Asajoke,shewrotetothesailor.Theybegantowritetoeachother.Inafewmonths,theyweremarried.Hereisthesecondstory.Backin1924,aboyfromArkansaswrotehisnameonthebackofhispicture.Heputthepictureinabottleandthrewthebottleintoariver.Thebottlewasnotfoundformanyyears.ThenonedayamannamedBillpickedituponabeachinFlorida.Hepulledthepictureoutofthebottleandlookedatit.Hecouldhardlybelievehiseyes.Theboyinthepicturewashisoldfriend,Tom,fromArkansas,BillhadnotseenTomfor25years.Somehowthebottlehadcometotherightplace.8.Whatisthemainideaofthewholestory? A.Sailingonaship.B.Sendingamessageinabottle.C.SendingamessagetoItaly.D.Howtosendamessage.（C）Thepopulationoftheearthisbecominglargerandlarger.Therearenowmorethan5000millionpeopleontheearth.Bytheyear2000,therewillbeover1000millionpeoplemore.Wherewillallthesemillionslive?Morehouses,blocksofflatsandskyscrapers（摩天大樓）willhavetobebuilt.Soonnonewhousewillbeabletohaveagarden.Manwillhavetobuildhousesunderthesea.Bythetwenty-firstcenturymanymenwillprobablytoliveonotherplanets（行星）iflifeisfoundtobepossiblethere.Scientistsarealreadyworkingonthispossibility.Thentherewillberegularflights（定期飛行）inspaceshipsfromtheearthtotheseplanets.9.Thebesttitleforthepassageis___________. A.HousingproblemintheTwentyfirstcenturyB.ThelargepopulationontheEarthC.SpaceshipsintheFutureD.HousesareNeeded四、課后習(xí)題AArecentresearchshowsthatphysicalactivity(體育活動)mayhelpstudentsdobetterintheirclasses.TheresearchcomesbecauseeducatorsinsomecountriesarereducingtimeforactivitieslikeP.E.class.Researchersgoovertheresultsoffourteenstudies.TwelvewerefromtheUnitedStates,onefromCanadaandonefromSouthAfrica.Thestudiesappearedbetween2009and2013.Theyincludedmorethan55,000children,agedsixtoeighteen.ThomasSingh,oneoftheresearchers,saysthestudiesshowedarelationshipbetweenphysicalactivityandscoresonsubjectssuchasmath,Englishandreading.Ms.Singhofferssomepossibleexplanations(解釋):“Thereare,first,physiological(生理的)explanations,likemorebloodflow,andsomoreoxygen(氧氣)tothebrain.Beingphysicallyactivemeanstherearemorehormones(荷爾蒙)producedlikeendorphins(腦內(nèi)啡).Andendorphinsmakeyourstresslevellowerandyourmoodimproved,whichmeansyouwillperformbetterinclass.Also,studentswhotakepartinorganizedsportslearnrulesandhowtofollowthem.Thiscouldimprovetheirclassroombehaviorandhelpthemknowwhattheyshoulddo.Allinall,thefindingtellsusthatphysicallyactivekidsaremorelikelytodobetterinschool.Ms.Singhsaysschoolsshouldconsiderthefindingbeforetheycutphysicaleducationprograms.1.Whatledtheresearcherstodothestudies?A.Schools’cuttingphysicalactivity.B.Theirinterestinphysicalactivity.C.Thetestsincludingabout55,000children.D.Kids’unsatisfyingschoolingperformance.2.Howmanycountriestookpartinthestudies?A.14.B.12C.2.D.3.3.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneoftheadvantagesofphysicalactivityaccordingtothepassage?A.Gettingmorebloodflow.B.Betterclassroombehavior.C.Feelingrelaxedandrefreshed.D.Greaterabilitytoorganizeactivities.【答案】1-3ADCBWealwayscelebratedDad’sbirthdayonThanksgivingDay,evenafterheenteredanursinghome.Whenweknewitmightbehislastbirthday,thewholefamilydecidedtogettogetherforahugebirthdaycelebrationatthenursinghome.Dadwasagoodstorytellerandwewerealwayshislisteners.Duringaquietmoment,IannounceditwasnowDad’sturntolistentostoriesforachange.IwantedeveryonetotellDadwhatwelovedabouthim.Theroombecamequiet.Thenoneafteranother,peopletoldstoriesfromtheirhearts,whileDadlistenedwithtearsineyes.Everyoneseemedtohavemorethanonestory.Eventhelittlegrandchildrencouldn’twaittotellDadwhytheylovedhim.Foramanwhohadbeenkindtosomanyhundredsofpeopleinhislife,herewasourchancetotellhimhowmuchwelovehim.Afewmonthslater,atDad’smemorialservice,wemorefullyrealizedwhatwehadgiventoDadthatnight.Thosearethestoriespeoplenormallytellatafuneral(葬禮)afteralovedoneisnolongeralivetohearthewords.Theytellstories,fulloftears.ButwehadgiventhosememoriestoDadinhislife,andwehadtoldthemthroughlaughter,togetherwithhugsandjoy.Hehadthemtoholdandenjoyedthemfromtimetotimeinhismindduringhislastdaysandmonths.Wordsdomatter,andtheyareenough.Wejustneedtosaythemortospeakthempubliclytheoneswelove.That’sthewaystogivebackloveandthat’sourchancetocelebrateapersoninhisorherlife.1.Thewriter’sfamilydecidedtohaveahugebirthdaycelebrationbecause______.A.DadwastoleavethehospitalB.itmightbeDad’slastbirthdayC.theywouldcelebrateThanksgivingDayD.Dadwasatthenursinghome2.Accordingtothepassage,weknow______.A.allthefamilylovedthefather,includingthelittlegrandchildrenB.thewriter’sfatherwasstillenjoyinggoodhealthC.thepartywasheldatthewriter’shomeD.thedoctortoldthewriterhisfatherwasgoingtodieatonce3.Fromthepassage,weknowthewriter’sfatherwas______tohearthestories.A.surprisedB.movedC.sadD.frustrated4.Thebesttitleofthepassagecanbe______.A.AnAmazingStoryB.AKindFatherC.SayOurLovePubliclyD.ABigParty【答案】1-4BABCCKatherineCommaleisan11-year-oldgirlfromPennsylvania.AttheageoffiveshebeganraisingmoneytobuynetsforchildreninAfricatohelpstopthespreadofmalaria(瘧疾).Whenshewasfive,KatherinelearntaboutmalariainAfrica.Shelearntthatevery30secondsachilddiedfromthisdisease.Shealsolearntthatpeoplewouldn’tgetthatdiseaseiftheyhadenoughbednets.“Iwasreallysadtolearnthatachilddiedeveryhalfaminutebecauseofmalaria.”SaysKatherine,“Iwantedtosendnetsrightaway,sothat’swhatIdid.”Five-year-oldKatherinemadepresentationsatchurchesandschools.ShetoldstudentsandothershowimportantbednetswereforAfricans.Afterpeopleheardthepresentations,manyofthemdonatedmoney.KatherinesentthemoneytoNBN.NBNisanorganizationthatsendsbednetstoAfrica.Besides,everyholidayKatherinemakessomethingcalled“netgiftcertificate”withthehelpofherfriendsandbrothers.Oneachl0-dollarcertificatethereisamessage.ItexplainsthatabednetwouldbesenttoAfrica.Whenmorecertificateorderscome,Katherinegetshelpfromstudentsinherschool.Katherinehashelpedtoraise$200,000forNBN.“ItmakesmeproudtohelpAfricanchildren.Iwon’tstopworkinguntileveryoneinAfricahasabednet.”saysKatherine.1.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.WhenKatherinewassix,shebeganhelpingchildreninAfrica.B.Katherinelearntthattwochildrendiedfrommalariaoneminute.C.Katherinedidalotandhelpedtoraise$20,000forNBN.D.Katherine’sparentshelpedhermake“bednetgiftcertificate”.2.InParagraph4,“It”refersto“_______”.A.a10-dollarnote B.agiftcertificate C.anorganization D.amessage3.FromthepassageweknowKatherinedidthefollowingEXCEPT_______.A.raisingagreatdealofmoneyforNBNB.givingpresentationsatchurchesandschoolsC.explainingtheimportanceofnetsforAfricansD.orderingpeopletolearntousethenetswell4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.A.Katherine’sworkisveryhelpfulandmeaningfulB.thespreadofmalariainAfricawillbemoreseriousC.everychildinAfricagetsanetwithKatherine’shelpD.KatherinehasreceivedmuchmoneyfromNBN【答案】1-4BDDA二、英語書面表達專項訓(xùn)練2．如今，很多城市出現(xiàn)了一種綠色出行方式――共享單車（bike-sharing），它因環(huán)保、便捷而備受青睞，但同時也引發(fā)了一些問題。請你根據(jù)提示以＂Bike-sharing＂為題寫一篇英語短文，表達自己的看法和建議。要點提示：AdvantagesBeconvenient,lesspollution,reducethetrafficpressure（減緩交通壓力）Takeexercise…ProblemsThrowaway,damage（毀損）,bestolen…AdviceCivilized（文明的）,followtherules,takegoodcareof…注意：1.短文應(yīng)包括以上要點，可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮，以使行文連貫；2.文中不得出現(xiàn)真實的人名、校名及地名；3.詞數(shù)：80-100（文章開頭已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)）。Bike-sharingToday,asagreenermeansoftransportation,bike-sharingisbecomingmoreandmorepopularinmanycities.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Today,asagreenermeansoftransportation,bike-sharingisbecomingmoreandmorepopularinmanycities.It'sknownthatithasmanyadvantages.Soit'senjoyedbylotsofpeople.Firstofall,it'sveryconvenientforpeopletogosomewhere.【高分句型一】Also,ithelpstoreducethetrafficpressure.Therewillbelesspollutionbecauseofbike-sharing.Besides,bike-sharinghelpspeopletakemoreexercise.Inthisway,it'shelpfultopeople'shealth.（優(yōu)勢）However,italsobringssomeproblems.Forexample,somepeoplethrowthemawayafterusingbikes.Evensomepeopledamagethem,andsomebikesarestolen.（難題）Inmyopinion,everyoneshouldtrytobecivilizedandfollowtherulesofusingbikes.Aslongaswetakegoodcareofbikes,itwillmakeourlifebetterandbetter,andourenvironmentwillbemorebeautiful.【高分句型二】（建議）【解析】【詳解】這篇短文內(nèi)容豐富，表達了所有要點，語言表達準(zhǔn)確，意思連貫，符合邏輯。在短文中使用了大量的復(fù)合句、固定句式、連詞及固定短語，為文章增色不少，.如:It'sknownthatithasmanyadvantages.，F(xiàn)irstofall,it'sveryconvenientforpeopletogosomewhere.，Also,Besides,Inthisway,However,italsobringssomeproblems.Forexample,Inmyopinion,等?！军c睛】本文要求以“Bike-sharing”為題，根據(jù)表格的內(nèi)容提示，寫一篇短文，表達自己對共享單車的看法和建議。寫作時，考生要緊密貼合表格中的三個要點：首先，闡述共享單車的優(yōu)點；其次，列舉共享單車帶來的問題；最后，根據(jù)問題給出個人建議。3．亞洲文明對話大會近期在北京召開，你的印度朋友Danny收看了大會相關(guān)報道，對華夏文明產(chǎn)生了濃厚的興趣，來信向你了解中國文化。假設(shè)你是李華，請根據(jù)以下內(nèi)容提示用英語寫一封回信給Danny。要點內(nèi)容歷史文化歷史悠久，文化各異；傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，多彩習(xí)俗（舉一例）文明行為相互尊重，以禮相待；互學(xué)共鑒，共同成長（或自擬）身邊文明校園文明（自擬一點）注意：1.詞數(shù)90詞左右，開頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)寫好，不計入總詞數(shù)。2.回復(fù)必須包括所以要點，可是當(dāng)發(fā)揮，是短文連貫，通順。3.文中不得提及真實的人名、校名等相關(guān)信息。參考詞匯:civilized文明的DearDanny,I’mgladtoreceiveyourletter.Sinceyouareinterestedincivilization(文明)ofChina,Iwouldliketosharesomethingwithyou.IhopeyoucancometoChinasomedaytoexperiencetheancientcultureofChina.Lookforwardtohearfromyousoon.Allthebest,LiHua【答案】DearDanny,I’mgladtoreceiveyourletter.Sinceyouareinterestedincivilization(文明)ofChina,Iwouldliketosharesomethingwithyou.Chinesecivilizationisoneoftheoldestandlongestcivilizationsintheworld.Chinaisacountryof56nationalities.Differentnationshavedifficultcultures.Inmycountry,wehavemanytraditionalfestivals,suchas,theSpringFestival,Mid-AutumnFestivalandtheDragonBoatFestival.Theyarealsocalled“threemajorChineseholidays”inChina.HerearethecustomsofeatingZongziandracingdragon-boatontheDragonBoatFestival.Chinaisanationofetiquette(禮儀).Chinesepeoplecanrespect,trustandhelpeachother.Wealllearnandgrowtogether.Everyoneinmyschoolshouldprotectthewholepublicenvironment.Climbingthetrees,pickingtheflowersandthrowinggarbageatrandomarenotallowedthere.IhopeyoucancometoChinasomedaytoexperiencetheancientcultureofChina.Lookforwardtohearingfromyousoon.Allthebest.LiHua【解析】【分析】本文要求給你的印度朋友Danny寫一篇關(guān)于華夏文明的回信?！驹斀狻课恼滦枰榻B下中國的文化。表格中列舉了三個要點，寫作時注意不要漏寫。平時注意多多積累句型、短語。細心檢查避免疏漏。以圖表展示的作文要以“讀”為主，首先要認真讀懂圖表中的要求，對所給信息加以分析、推斷、篩選、概括，去粗取精；在寫作時目的要明確，要注意內(nèi)容的準(zhǔn)確性和嚴(yán)肅性?！军c睛】寫作中注意語義通順，符合邏輯關(guān)系，上下文之間可以適當(dāng)使用連接詞。如but,so,then等。可以適當(dāng)使用高分句子。本篇文章寫的好的句子有：Chinesecivilizationisoneoftheoldestandlongestcivilizationsintheworld．中華文明是世界上最古老、最悠久的文明之一。Chinaisanationofetiquette(禮儀)，中國是一個禮儀之邦。4．書面表達親子關(guān)系是目前廣受關(guān)注的話題。假設(shè)你是張華，你正在以“如何與父母更好地相處”為題進行英語自主課程研究。通過搜集資料，你查找到中國青少年研究中心(CYCRC)近日就中美兩國親子關(guān)系進行了問卷調(diào)查，結(jié)果如下表。請你根據(jù)下表選取并整合你認為有用的信息，結(jié)合你的實際經(jīng)歷以Howtogetalongwellwithparents為題寫一篇感想。ChinaUSKidsoftentalktotheirparents48.1%89%Kidsthinktheirparentsunderstandthem61%81.4%Kidshavedifferentideasfromtheirparents82.1%76%Kidshavedifferentideasfromtheirparentsmostlybecauseof…Schoolwork(65.4%)Pocketmoney(20%)注意事項：1.內(nèi)容須根據(jù)表格數(shù)據(jù)和實際經(jīng)歷合理展開；2.要求語句通順、意思連貫、符合情境；3.詞數(shù)在90個左右，首尾已經(jīng)在答題卡上給出，不計入總詞數(shù)；4.內(nèi)容必須寫在答題卡指定的位置。【答案】HowtogetalongwellwithparentsMoreandmorepeoplebegintofocusontheparent-childrelationship.Here’smyunderstandingofhowtogetalongwellwithourparents.CYCRCdidasurveyintheUnitedStatesandChina.Theresultsshowedthat48.1%ofChinesechildrenoftentalktotheirparents,farfewerthantheAmericans.MoreunderstandingliesinAmericanparent-childrelationship.Ithinkweshouldnotonlytalkoftenbutopenourheart.Forexample,whenIgotlowmarksinexams,Ialwaystalkedtomyparents.Theyhelpedmefindthereasonandencouragedme.Ialsosharedmysecretsandworrieswiththem.Agoodrelationshiprequireseffortsfrombothparentsandchildren.Aschildren,gettingwellwithparentsisofgreatimportancetous.Weshouldfindaproperwaytocreateahealthyparent-childrelationship.【解析】【詳解】這篇作文要求我們以Howtogetalongwellwithparents為題，就中國青少年研究中心(CYCRC)近日對中美兩國親子關(guān)系問卷調(diào)查的結(jié)果進行介紹，并結(jié)合自己的實際經(jīng)歷，發(fā)表自己的感謝。寫作前，應(yīng)仔細審題，觀察所給表格，弄清楚表格中每一項的內(nèi)容以及它的意義。然后結(jié)合自己的實際情況，對如何與父母良好相處，發(fā)表自己的看法。短文應(yīng)主要以一般現(xiàn)在時為主，第一人稱和第三人稱來敘述。寫作時應(yīng)注意：內(nèi)容應(yīng)密切結(jié)合表格中所給的數(shù)據(jù)以及自己的實際經(jīng)歷，有敘述，有議論。合理安排各部分內(nèi)容之間的關(guān)系，注意分清結(jié)構(gòu)，表達要有條理。其次應(yīng)注意英語表達習(xí)慣和漢語的不同，不能根據(jù)漢語式思維逐詞翻譯，應(yīng)從句式的整體結(jié)構(gòu)出發(fā)，使用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~、短語和句型表達。句式結(jié)構(gòu)要完整，可以簡單句為基礎(chǔ)，穿插使用并列句和復(fù)合句以及其他復(fù)雜句式。同時注意語句之間使用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B接成分，使行文連貫、自然?！军c睛】這是一篇優(yōu)秀的作文，短文作者根據(jù)題目要求，介紹了中美兩國親子關(guān)系的對比，并結(jié)合自己的實際對如何與父母相處，發(fā)表了個人看法。短文有以下幾個特點：首先文章內(nèi)容完整，符合題目要求。短文分三段：第一段引出文章的話題parent-childrelationship，點明文章主旨Here’smyunderstandingofhowtogetalongwellwithourparents；第二段對調(diào)查結(jié)果的第一項內(nèi)容進行了介紹，并結(jié)合自己的經(jīng)歷，講述了如何與父母相處。這是文章的主體部分，敘述非常詳細，內(nèi)容也很充實，所占篇幅也最大；最后一段作者重申主題，點明了良好親子關(guān)系的重要性。其次短文使用了正確的時態(tài)和人稱，語法規(guī)范，用詞準(zhǔn)確，語句通順。句式結(jié)構(gòu)完整，以簡單句為主，也使用了賓語從句、狀語從句、并列句、非謂語動詞等復(fù)雜句式和結(jié)構(gòu)。行文連貫、自然，表達流暢。短文中較好的句型有：Theresultsshowedthat48.1%ofChinesechildrenoftentalktotheirparents,farfewerthantheAmericans.、Ithinkweshouldnotonlytalkoftenbutopenourheart.、Ialsosharedmysecretsandworrieswiththem.Agoodrelationshiprequireseffortsfrombothparentsandchildren、Weshouldfindaproperwaytocreateahealthyparent-childrelationship.等等。5．旅行是學(xué)習(xí)的最好方式之一。請以“Travelling”為題，根據(jù)以下思維導(dǎo)圖的提示，寫一篇短文，并發(fā)表你的看法。注意：1.要點齊全，適當(dāng)發(fā)揮；2.從思維導(dǎo)圖Sayings部分，選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)母窈侠砝迷诙涛闹校?.詞數(shù)：100詞左右；【答案】例文Travellingisoneofthebestwaysforlearning.Youmayhavereadorheardaboutsomething,butyoucannevergetanexactpictureofituntilyouseeityourself.Seeingisbelieving.Ifyouareacarefulobserver,youcanlearnmuchduringyourtravelaboutthegeography,biology,andhistoryoftheplacesyouvisit.Youcanalsocreategreatmemoriesforyourlifetime.Furthermore,whiletravelling,youcanmeetmorepeopleandmakemorefriends.Nomatterhowwelleducatedyouare,thereisalwaysalotforyoutolearnthroughtravelling.【解析】【詳解】這篇短文使用了大量的固定句式和短語，為文章增色不少，如oneofthebestways，learnmuch，anexactpictureof，acarefulobserver，seeingisbelieving，nomatter，alot等。而非謂語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)Seeingisbelieving./Furthermore,whiletravelling,youcanmeetmorepeopleandmakemorefriends.和Ifyouareacarefulobserver,youcanlearnmuchduringyourtravelaboutthegeography,biology,andhistoryoftheplacesyouvisit./Nomatterhowwelleducatedyouare,thereisalwaysalotforyoutolearnthroughtravelling.等復(fù)雜從句結(jié)構(gòu)的運用，豐富了短文內(nèi)容，使表達多樣化，是本文的亮點。在學(xué)習(xí)中注意總結(jié)牢記一些固定句式及短語，寫作時就可以適當(dāng)引用，使文章表達更有邏輯性，也更富有條理?！军c睛】書面表達題既不是漢譯英，也不是可任意發(fā)揮的作文。它要求將所規(guī)定的材料內(nèi)容經(jīng)整理后展開思維，考查運用所學(xué)英語知識準(zhǔn)確表達意思的能力。所以，考生不能遺漏要點，要盡量使用自己熟悉的單詞、短語和句式，盡可能使用高級詞匯和較復(fù)雜的句式結(jié)構(gòu)以便得到較高的分?jǐn)?shù)。6．為提升南京城市形象，我市已啟動老小區(qū)出新改造工程。假設(shè)你是Tim，請根據(jù)下面表格內(nèi)容的提示，用英文向你的外國筆友Jack做簡單的介紹。PurposeimprovetheenvironmentChangestopeople?slifebeautifulbuildings,…Problemslotsofnoise,rubbishYouradvice…注意：1.文中不得出現(xiàn)你的真實姓名和學(xué)校名稱；2.語言通順，意思連貫，條理清楚，書寫規(guī)范；3詞數(shù)80左右，開頭已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。Hi,Jack!IamTim.TodayIwilltellyousomethingabouttheproject“Renovationoftheoldcommunities”inNanjing.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Hi,Jack!IamTim.TodayIwilltellyousomethingabouttheproject“Renovationoftheoldcommunities”inNanjing.Thisprojectisaimtoimprovetheenvironment.Afterthisproject,therewillbemorebeautifulbuildings,someparksandabigshoppingstore.Ourlifewillbemoreconvenient.Buttherearesomeproblemswhichinfluenceourlife.Forexample,lotsofnoiseisaroundusalldaylong,andwecanseethebuildingrubbishanywhere.Inmyopinion,theprojectteamonlyworkindaytimeandthebuildingrubbishcanbeputatafixedplace.Ofcourse,everyoneintheoldcommunitiescandowhattheycandotorenovateourcommunities.【解析】【分析】這篇書面表達是描述老社區(qū)改造工程，話題較新?！驹斀狻窟@是篇材料作文，所給的內(nèi)容要點給的比較零碎，不完整，所以考生需要結(jié)合實際情況補充完整，是文章內(nèi)容充實。在寫作時，首先要選擇自己熟悉的短語或者句型，在能力范圍之內(nèi)，選擇句式時要賦予變化，這樣才可以更好的駕馭。同時也要選擇合適的連接詞，把各個要點組織成一個完整的整體。7．書面表達我校決定讓學(xué)生輪流打掃廁所，以此作為教育學(xué)生的一種方式。這件事在學(xué)生中引起了強烈的反響，請你把下列不同意見整理成一篇書面材料，報告給學(xué)校。同意：1．多數(shù)學(xué)生是獨生子女，不會做事。2．學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)會做艱苦的工作。3．學(xué)會理解和尊重清潔工人的勞動。不同意：1．很臟，容易使學(xué)生生病。2．不是學(xué)生應(yīng)該做的事情。3．打掃教室就足夠了。注意：1．短文應(yīng)包括表中所有內(nèi)容，可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮，但不要逐字翻譯；2．不少于80詞。生詞提示：respect尊重【答案】Astrongargumenthastakenplaceamongstudentssinceourschoolmadestudentsdovoluntarylabor.Somestudentsthinkitisagoodwayofeducation.Nowmostfamilieshaveonlyonechild.Theyneverdohardwork.Todovoluntarylaborisagoodchanceforthemtolearnhowtododifficultwork.Itcanalsohelpthemunderstandandrespectthecleaners.Butothershavedifferentpoints.Theythinkitiseasyforthemtogetsick.Theydon’tthinkitisstudents＇jobs.Cleaningtheclassroomeverydayisenough.【解析】【詳解】閱讀題干要求，這是一篇看法類的作文，那么首先得點明討論的話題，然后分別寫出不同人群對此事的看法，時態(tài)以一般現(xiàn)在時為主。重點詞匯及短語：argument爭論；takeplace發(fā)生；among（三者或三者以上）之間；agoodchanceforsb對某人來說是個好機會；helpsbdosth幫助某人做某事；getsick生病。亮點句型：（1）Astrongargumenthastakenplaceamongstudentssinceourschoolmadestudentsdovoluntarylabor.自從我們學(xué)校讓學(xué)生做自愿勞動以來，在學(xué)生中發(fā)生了一場激烈的爭論。現(xiàn)在完成時（have/has+done）。（2）Todovoluntarylaborisagoodchanceforthemtolearnhowtododifficultwork.做義務(wù)勞動是他們學(xué)習(xí)如何做困難工作的好機會。動詞不定式作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，疑問詞+todo。8．假如你是李華，作為活動主持人，你打算邀請外教Smith先生來參加本周末學(xué)校開展的“英語戲劇展示”活動，請用英語給他寫一封邀請函，告訴他本次活動的具體時間和地點，安排了哪些內(nèi)容，以及需