選擇性必修第三冊UNIT8LITERATURE(二)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(★)Whatdoesitmeantocryoverabook？“I’mareaderwhodidnotweep.”RuthGraham，awell-knowncritic，wrote.“Doesthismakemeheartless？Ordoesitmakemeagrown-up？”Tearshaveplayedasurprisinglyimportantpartinthehistoryofthenovel.Readershavealwaysaskedabouttherolethatemotionplaysinreading：Whatdoesitmeantobedeeplymovedbyabook？Whichbooksareworthyobjectsofourfeelings?Indifferenttimes，peopleansweredthosequestionsindifferentways.Inthe18thcentury，whenthenovelwasstillanewform，cryingwasasignofreaders’virtue.“Sentimental”novels，fulloftouchingscenes，gavereadersanoccasiontoexercisetheir“finerfeelings”．Yourtearprovedyoursusceptibility(易感性)tothesufferingofothers.Atthattime，sentimentalnovelswerehugelypopular，butalsoeasytoattack.Tears，afterall，hadnonecessaryconnectiontoactualvirtue，andtheycouldbefake.Therecouldalsobetoomanyofthem.AsthecriticJohnMullanpointsout，bytheendoftheeighteenthcentury，theword“sentimental”hadacquiredanewmeaning“addictedtoindulgence(沉溺)insuperficial(膚淺的)emotion”—bringingitclosertothemeaningthatithasforustoday.Inthe19thcenturythemeaningoftearsevolvedintwodifferentdirections.Somewriterssoughttowaken“higher”feelingsintheirreaders：Victoriansentimentalistswrotetouchingscenesinanefforttoinspiresocialandpoliticalreform.However，the“sensation”novel，adifferenttypeofVictorianbest-seller，showedthattearscouldbeenjoyableinthemselves.Sensationnovelsweretheforerunners(先導(dǎo))ofthemodernthrillerandmystery.Heavyonsecrets，andmadness，theywereknownforcreatingphysical“sensations”intheirreaders—trembling，afastbeatingheart，andtears.Buttheseweretearswithoutmoralpurposeoreffect.Today’sdebateaboutcryingwhilereadinglooksbackonallofthishistory.Thedebate，infact，isaboutwhybooksmattertous，andwhatreadingis“for”．Talkingaboutwhatmakesuscryisawayoftalkingaboutourselves.1．Whatwaspeople’sattitudetowardscryingovernovelsintheearly18thcentury?A．Doubtful.B．Positive.C．Unclearing.D．Worried.2．Whatcanweknowabout“sensation”novelsaccordingtoparagraph5?A．Theyweresimilartothemodernthrillerandmystery.B．Theywerethesameassentimentalnovels.C．Theywereaimedforsocialandpoliticalreform.D．Theywereintendedtoamusethereaders.3．Howdoestheauthorpresentthistext?A．Byprovidingexamples. B．Bymakingcomparisons.C．Byfollowingtheorderoftime. D．Byfollowingtheorderofimportance.4．What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A．CryingWhileReadingThroughCenturies B．TheHistoryoftheNovelC．SentimentalNovels&SensationNovels D．WhyBooksMattertoUsBAnewstudyfoundsomeprimates(靈長類)areleavingtheirtreehomesandspendingmoretimeontheground.LedbyTimothyEppley，PhD，scientistsstudiednearly50speciesofmonkeysandlemurs(狐猴)tolookatthereasonbehindthesechanges.About15yearsago，Eppleyworkedwithsouthernbamboolemurs，whichwereknowntospendmostoftheirdaysinthetrees，feedingonbambooleaves.However，hewassurprisedtofindtheselemurswerespendingmosttimeonthegroundandhadanincrediblydiversediet.Hewonderedwhetherhabitatreductionandlimitedfoodresourceavailabilityweredrivingthemtomovetotheground.Thisinspiredhimtobeginthisstudy.HereachedouttoeveryresearcherhecouldfindwhomayhavesignificantdataonprimatesfromMadagascarortheAmericas，thetwoplaceswithalmostalltree-dwellingprimates.Eppleyexaminedmorethan150,000hoursofdataobservedon32monkeyspeciesand15lemurspeciesat68sites.Hefoundthattheyspentanaverageofonly2.5%oftheirtimeonthegroundeachmonth.Butthefindingsshowedsomeinterestingdifferences.“Ashabitatsaredegradedandtheclimateworsens，primatesthatareflexibleenoughtoadaptbecauseoftheirdiversedietsorliveinlargergroupsmaybemorelikelytoshifttolifeontheground，”Eppleysays.“However，otherspeciesthatrelyonfruitdietsorliveinsmallgroupsarelessadaptableandarelesswillingtoleavethetrees.Forthesespecies，wewillstillneedtoenforcefastandeffectiveconservationstrategiestoensuretheirsurvival.”Althoughmovingtothegroundhassomeadvantagesincertainsituations，primatescanfaceproblemswhentheyleavethetrees.Theycanbecomevictimsofotheranimalsanddiseases.Besides，theywillbefacedwithfindingappropriatefoodresourcesontheground，thushavingabroadorflexibledietisimportant.Primatesareimportantseedspreaderswithintheirforesthabitats.Thelossofprimateswouldleadtonegativeeffectsontheecosystem.5．WhydidTimothyEppleybeginhisstudy?A．Totrytomakeprimatesmoreadaptive.B．Tostudyhowmonkeysdifferfromlemurs.C．Tofigureoutthereasonforthelossofbamboo.D．Tofindoutwhyprimatesareturningtotheground.6．HowdidTimothyEppleycarryouthisresearch?A．Bydoingexperiments. B．Byobservinginthewild.C．Bystudyingcollecteddata. D．Byinterviewingthelocals.7．Whichkindofprimatesaremorelikelytocomedownfromtrees?A．Thoseeatingdiversediets. B．Thosewithalargesize.C．Thosefeedingmainlyonfruits. D．Thoselivinginsmallgroups.8．Whatwillbecomeaconcernaccordingtothestudy?A．Animalswillbecomelessadaptive. B．Theforestecosystemwillbecomeworse.C．Morenaturalhabitatswillbelost. D．Moreanimal-relateddiseaseswillappear.Ⅱ.完形填空ForalittlegirlgrowingupinColombia，asciencecareerwithNASAmayseemimpossible.Trujillo，however，isanaerospace1wholeadsateamattheNASAlaboratory2fortheroboticarmofthelatestMarsrover(火星探測器)．HowdidTrujillogofromsimplydreamingabouttheuniverseto3exploringit？That’sataleof4writteninthestars.Bornin1983，evenasayounggirlTrujillowas5ofherpassionforscience.Butshedoubtedhowfarshe’dbeableto6inamale-dominatedfield.ThenherdadofferedtosendhertoMiami.Only17atthetime，she7theoffer.Trujillotookaseriesofhousekeeping8toputherselfthroughMiamiDadeCollege.Sometimesshewascleaningbathroomstohelppayherwaythroughher9.Butshedidn’t10.“Isaweverythingcomingmywayasanopportunity.”Thencameanotherlife-changingmoment.ShebecamethefirstHispanic(西班牙語國家的)womantobe11totheNASAAcademy.Later，shebecameanengineeratNASA’sGoddardSpaceFlightCenter.ThisFebruary，whenthePerseverancerover12onthesurfaceofMars，itwas13bycommentary(解說)fromTrujilloinNASA’sfirst-everSpanish-language14.Trujillo’sownstoryis15thatjustbeyondthebarrierliesanentireuniverseofopportunitieswaitingforanyonewillingtoworkhardenoughtoreachforthestars.1．A.astronautB．pilotC．engineerD．guide2．A.eagerB．responsibleC．concernedD．grateful3．A.actuallyB．hardlyC．a(chǎn)ccuratelyD．repeatedly4．A.innovationB．kindnessC．passionD．sympathy5．A.certainB．a(chǎn)pprovedC．a(chǎn)fraidD．fond6．A.respondB．riseC．investD．a(chǎn)pply7．A.madeupB．turnedupC．pickedupD．tookup8．A.measuresB．a(chǎn)ctivitiesC．jobsD．courses9．A.studiesB．purchasesC．recreationsD．trips10．A.clarifyB．fearC．perceiveD．complain11．A.appliedB．a(chǎn)dmittedC．a(chǎn)ssignedD．introduced12．A.originatedB．generatedC．landedD．waited13．A.accompaniedB．distractedC．estimatedD．occupied14．A.theoryB．broadcastC．commentD．performance15．A.careerB．informationC．competenceD．proofⅢ.語法填空InNingbocity，ayoungwomanhasmadethebambooproductbrandofherfamily’scompanyfamousaroundtheworld,1.(help)afairnumberofbamboofarmersincreasetheirincome.WangXiaoqing，borninthe1990s,2.(find)thatintheUS，Chinesebambooproductswerepopularamongcustomers,3.manyofthemcarriedforeignbrands，despiteChinabeingthe“kingdomofbamboos”．ShedecidedtoreturntoChinaandbuildabamboo