廈門市人民醫(yī)院超聲醫(yī)學(xué)英語考核一、選擇題（共10題，每題2分，計(jì)20分）1.WhatistheprimarypurposeofDopplerultrasoundinclinicalpractice?A.Tovisualizeanatomicalstructuresinreal-timeB.ToassessbloodflowvelocityanddirectionC.TomeasuretissueelasticityD.Toprovidedetailedpathologicaldiagnoses2.Whichofthefollowingtermsbestdescribesthephenomenonwhereultrasoundwavesarereflectedoffaboundarybetweentwodifferentmedia?A.AttenuationB.RefractionC.ReflectionD.Diffraction3.Inultrasoundimaging,whatisthetermforthelossofsoundenergyasittravelsthroughtissue?A.ReflectionB.AttenuationC.ScatteringD.Transmission4.Whatisthenormalrangeofdiastolicflowvelocityintheleftventricularoutflowtract(LVOT)duringarestingechocardiogram?A.30–50cm/sB.50–100cm/sC.100–150cm/sD.150–200cm/s5.Whichultrasoundtechniqueismostcommonlyusedtoassessthyroidglandmorphologyandfunction?A.ColorDopplerimagingB.PowerDopplerimagingC.High-resolutionlineartransducerD.3Dultrasound6.Whatistheprimaryadvantageofusinga3.5MHztransducerovera5MHztransducerinabdominalultrasound?A.BetterresolutionB.DeeperpenetrationC.HigherframerateD.Lowerattenuation7.Whichultrasoundfindingistypicallyassociatedwithportalhypertension?A.EnlargedaortaB.DilatedportalveinsC.HyperechoicliverparenchymaD.Smallgallbladder8.Whatisthetermforthephenomenonwhereultrasoundwavesarescatteredinmultipledirectionsduetotissueinhomogeneities?A.ReflectionB.RefractionC.ScatteringD.Attenuation9.Whichultrasoundparameterisusedtoassessthestiffnessofabdominalaorticaneurysms?A.Pulsewavevelocity(PWV)B.Resistiveindex(RI)C.Peaksystolicvelocity(PSV)D.End-diastolicvelocity(EDV)10.Whatisthemostcommonindicationforperformingatransvaginalultrasoundingynecology?A.AssessingfetalheartrateB.EvaluatingovarianfolliculardevelopmentC.DiagnosingabdominalaorticaneurysmsD.Imagingrenalmasses二、填空題（共10題，每題1分，計(jì)10分）1.Theprocessbywhichultrasoundwavesarereflectedoffatissueboundaryiscalled_________.2.Thetermusedtodescribethespeedatwhichsoundwavestravelthroughamediumis_________.3.InDopplerultrasound,the_________indexisusedtoassessvascularresistance.4.Thenormalrangeofsystolicflowvelocityintherenalarteryistypically_________cm/s.5.Thephenomenonwhereultrasoundwaveschangedirectionastheypassthroughamediumiscalled_________.6.The_________isthemostcommonultrasoundtechniqueforevaluatingthyroidnodules.7.Thetermforthereductioninsoundintensityasultrasoundwavestravelthroughtissueis_________.8.The_________isusedtoassessfetalbiometryinobstetricultrasound.9.The_________waveistheprimarymodeofultrasoundtransmissioninmedicalimaging.10.The_________isacommonultrasoundfindinginpatientswithchronickidneydisease.三、簡(jiǎn)答題（共5題，每題4分，計(jì)20分）1.ExplainthedifferencebetweengrayscaleandcolorDopplerimaginginultrasound.2.Describetheroleofultrasoundinthediagnosisofhepatocellularcarcinoma(HCC).3.Whatarethekeyultrasoundfindingsinapatientwithacuteappendicitis?4.Explainhowultrasoundisusedtoassesstheintegrityofthebiliarysystem.5.Describetheimportanceofusingahigh-resolutiontransducerinthyroidultrasound.四、論述題（共2題，每題10分，計(jì)20分）1.Discusstheclinicalapplicationsofcontrast-enhancedultrasound(CEUS)inabdominalimaging.2.ExplaintheprinciplesofDopplerultrasoundanditssignificanceinevaluatingbloodflowdynamics.五、翻譯題（共5題，每題2分，計(jì)10分）1."Thepatientpresentswithabdominalpainandasuspectedliverabscess.Transabdominalultrasoundisrecommendedforinitialevaluation."（翻譯：患者出現(xiàn)腹痛，疑似肝膿腫。建議進(jìn)行經(jīng)腹超聲檢查以進(jìn)行初步評(píng)估。）2."ColorDopplerimagingrevealedturbulentflowintherenalartery,suggestingarenalarterystenosis."（翻譯：彩色多普勒超聲顯示腎動(dòng)脈血流紊亂，提示腎動(dòng)脈狹窄。）3."Thethyroidnoduleshowshypoechogenicitywithirregularmarginsonultrasound,raisingsuspicionformalignancy."（翻譯：甲狀腺結(jié)節(jié)在超聲上表現(xiàn)為低回聲，邊緣不規(guī)則，高度懷疑惡性。）4."Theleftventricularejectionfraction(LVEF)wascalculatedtobe40%onechocardiography,indicatingsystolicdysfunction."（翻譯：心臟超聲計(jì)算左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)（LVEF）為40%，提示收縮功能障礙。）5."Thegallbladderwallappearsthickenedwithpericholecysticfluid,consistentwithacutecholecystitis."（翻譯：膽囊壁增厚，伴有膽囊周圍積液，符合急性膽囊炎表現(xiàn)。）答案與解析一、選擇題答案與解析1.B-解析：Dopplerultrasound的主要目的是評(píng)估血流速度和方向，通過多普勒效應(yīng)分析血流動(dòng)力學(xué)變化。其他選項(xiàng)描述的是超聲的基本功能或解剖成像。2.C-解析：Reflection（反射）是指超聲波在兩種不同介質(zhì)界面處反射的現(xiàn)象，是超聲成像的基礎(chǔ)原理。3.B-解析：Attenuation（衰減）指超聲波在組織中能量減弱的現(xiàn)象，與組織密度和聲波頻率有關(guān)。4.B-解析：正常情況下，LVOT的舒張期血流速度在50–100cm/s范圍內(nèi)。過高或過低可能提示血流梗阻或反流。5.C-解析：高分辨率線性探頭（lineartransducer）常用于甲狀腺超聲，可清晰顯示結(jié)節(jié)形態(tài)和血流特征。6.B-解析：3.5MHz探頭較5MHz探頭穿透力更強(qiáng)，適用于肥胖或深部器官檢查，但分辨率略低。7.B-解析：門靜脈高壓時(shí)，門靜脈系統(tǒng)血流增寬，超聲可顯示門靜脈擴(kuò)張。8.C-解析：Scattering（散射）指超聲波在組織不均勻處向多個(gè)方向傳播的現(xiàn)象，影響圖像質(zhì)量。9.A-解析：PWV（脈搏波速度）是評(píng)估動(dòng)脈彈性及腹主動(dòng)脈瘤風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的重要指標(biāo)。10.B-解析：經(jīng)陰道超聲是評(píng)估卵巢卵泡發(fā)育、監(jiān)測(cè)早孕和子宮內(nèi)膜病變的首選方法。二、填空題答案與解析1.Reflection-解析：超聲波在界面處反射形成回聲，是成像的基礎(chǔ)。2.Velocity-解析：Velocity（速度）指聲波在介質(zhì)中傳播的速率，影響成像深度和幀率。3.Resistive-解析：Resistiveindex（阻力指數(shù)）反映血管收縮狀態(tài)，用于評(píng)估外周動(dòng)脈疾病。4.60–120-解析：正常成人腎動(dòng)脈收縮期血流速度在60–120cm/s范圍內(nèi)。5.Refraction-解析：Refraction（折射）指聲波通過不同介質(zhì)時(shí)方向改變的現(xiàn)象。6.High-resolutionlineartransducer-解析：高分辨率線性探頭是甲狀腺超聲的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工具。7.Attenuation-解析：Attenuation（衰減）導(dǎo)致聲強(qiáng)隨距離遞減。8.Fetalbiometry-解析：Fetalbiometry（胎兒生物測(cè)量）通過超聲測(cè)量胎兒器官大小，評(píng)估發(fā)育情況。9.Mechanical-解析：Medicalultrasoundprimarilyusesmechanicalwavesforimaging.10.Nephrocalcinosis-解析：Nephrocalcinosis（腎鈣化）是慢性腎病常見的超聲表現(xiàn)。三、簡(jiǎn)答題答案與解析1.Grayscalevs.ColorDopplerImaging-Grayscaleimagingdisplaystissuestructuresinshadesofgray,basedonechointensity.Itisusedforanatomicalvisualization.-ColorDopplerimagingsuperimposescolor-codedflowinformationontograyscaleimages,showingbloodflowdirectionandvelocity.-Keydifference:Grayscaleforstructure,colorDopplerforfunction.2.RoleofUltrasoundinHCCDiagnosis-Findings:Hyperechoicorhypoechoicnoduleswithirregularmargins,vascularenhancement(arterialization).-Applications:Earlydetection,differentiationfrombenignlesions,monitoringtreatmentresponse.3.KeyFindingsinAcuteAppendicitis-Appendix:Enlarged(>6mm),hyperechoicwall,surroundingfluid(paraphrenicabscess).-Peritonealsigns:Freefluidinperiappendicealregion.4.UltrasoundinBiliarySystemAssessment-Bileducts:Assessdiameter(>6mmsuggestsobstruction),calculi.-Gallbladder:Wallthickening,pericholecysticfluid.5.ImportanceofHigh-ResolutionTransducerinThyroidUltrasound-Betternodulecharacterization:Smallerlesions(1–2cm)detected.-Enhancedvascularanalysis:Improvedassessmentoffollicularflowpatterns.四、論述題答案與解析1.ClinicalApplicationsofCEUSinAbdominalImaging-Hepatocarcinoma:Earlydetectionofsmalllesions(≥1cm),differentiationfromcirrhosis.-Livertransplantation:Assessinggraftviability.-Chronicliverdisease:Evaluatingfibros