Pre-readingWhile-readingAfter-readingTextBWhatIsFashion?Unit3TextB:Pre-reading2.Words-guessing1.WhatisFashion1)CanyougiveyourowndefinitionofFashionafterTextAlearning?2)CanyouNamethefollowingitemswhicharenecessaryforfashion?PleaseidentifyitwiththestudentsbesideyouandtrytonametheminEnglish.Pre-reading1.WhatisFashion?旗袍qipao

cheong-samPre-readingapin-stripedsuit細(xì)紋西裝Pre-readingapleatedskirt（百）褶裙Pre-readingatartanskirt

/akilt蘇格蘭方格呢短裙格子呢裙Pre-readingtracksuit運(yùn)動(dòng)服Pre-readingacheckedshirt格子襯衫

long-sleeved

shirt

長(zhǎng)袖襯衫Pre-readingaflowereddress印花連衣裙Pre-readingasleevelessblouse無(wú)袖女襯衫Pre-readingaleatherjacket皮夾克Pre-readingascarf圍巾Pre-readinga(spotted/striped)bowtie(帶點(diǎn)/條紋)蝴蝶領(lǐng)結(jié)Pre-readingawoolencardigan羊毛開(kāi)衫Pre-readingapolo-necksweater高領(lǐng)羊毛衫av-necksweaterV形領(lǐng)羊毛衫Pre-readingapairofcottonpyjamas一套棉睡衣Pre-readingapairofdenim

jeans粗斜紋棉布牛仔褲Pre-readingapairoftrainers一雙運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋boots靴子Pre-readingsandals涼鞋Pre-readingslippers拖鞋high-heeledshoes高跟鞋Pre-readingatophat禮帽ablondewig

金色假發(fā)Pre-readingdouble-breastedovercoat

雙排扣長(zhǎng)大衣Pre-readingPre-reading2.Guessthemeaningsofthefollowingunderlinedwordsorphrasesaccordingtothecontexts.(1)Forcenturiesindividualsorsocietieshaveusedclothesandotherbodyadornmentasaformofnonverbalcommunication.A.admiration B.decorationC.gesture D.shapes(2)Whatwewearandhowandwhenwewearitprovidesotherswithashorthandtosubtlyreadthesurfaceofasocialsituation.A.subconsciously B.nearlyC.promptly D.skillfully(3)Groupaffiliationisourprimeconcernwithregardtofashion.A.mostimportant B.basicC.primal

D.lastPre-reading(4)Thestateofaperson'sclothesissynonymouswithselfrespectandisasignofrespectability.A.integrated B.contentC.filled D.thesame(5)Itisreplacedasitbecomescommonplaceandhasceasedtofulfillitsfunctionofbeingdistinctive.A.ordinary B.usualC.typical D.outstandingWhile-reading：Text

WhatIsFashion?While-reading：Words&Phraseslocality

/l?(?)'k?l?t?/

n.asurroundingornearbyregion所在；位置e.g.1.Followingthediscoveryoftheexplosivesthepresidentcancelledhisvisittothelocality.2.This

is

the

biggest

hospital

inthelocality.Ithas700beds.

Wordfamily:

local

localized

localised

locative

當(dāng)?shù)氐?；局部的局部的；地區(qū)的；小范圍的限局性的，局部的表示位置的；位置格的

發(fā)現(xiàn)爆炸物之后總統(tǒng)取消了對(duì)該地區(qū)的訪(fǎng)問(wèn)。

這是本地最大的醫(yī)院，該醫(yī)院有七百?gòu)埐〈?。While-reading：Words&Phrasesshorthand/'???th?nd/

n.amethodofwritingrapidly速記；速記法e.g.1.shorthand

skills速技能力2.Laslettusestheshorthandof"secondage"forthegroupofyoungerpeoplewhoarecreatingfamilies.拉斯萊特用“第二代”來(lái)簡(jiǎn)單指稱(chēng)那些更年輕、正在組建家庭的人。

iconography

/,a?k?'n?gr?f?/

n.theimagesandsymbolicrepresentationsthataretraditionallyassociatedwithapersonorasubject圖解；肖像學(xué)e.g.1.Whatissemioticiconographyofcheese?

奶酪的象征意義是什么?2.Theobliqueraysofthesunontheorchardscreatethistypicallandscapethattraditionaliconographywouldassociatewithanearthlyparadise.Wordfamily:icon

圖標(biāo)；偶像；肖像，畫(huà)像；圣像iconology

象征主義；肖像學(xué)While-reading：Words&Phrases陽(yáng)光撒在果園里形成了獨(dú)特的景致,就像傳統(tǒng)肖像畫(huà)中描

的天堂。While-reading：Words&Phrasesnon-verbally/n?n'v?bli/

ad.withoutwords非言語(yǔ)交際地1.Practice

active

listening

by

non-verbally

indicatingthat

you're

hearing

him.

用積極的非語(yǔ)言的方式表明你在傾聽(tīng)。2.Remember

70%

of

whatiscommunicatedonTViscommunicatednon-verballythroughtoneofvoice,facialexpression,bodygestures,groomingandclothing.Wordformation:non+ad./a.non-believer不信教者non-smoker不吸煙者non-stop直達(dá)non-existent不存在的non-member非會(huì)員non-profit非盈利non-governmental非政府的記住，70%的在電視上要傳達(dá)的信息并不是來(lái)源于言語(yǔ)，而是那些講話(huà)的語(yǔ)調(diào)，面目表情，肢體語(yǔ)言，衣著甚至梳妝打扮。While-reading：Words&Phrasestattoo/t?'tu?/

v.stain(skin)withindeliblecolor刺花紋n.adesignontheskinmadebytattooing紋身e.g.1.Onthebackofhisneckhehasatattooofacross.他后脖子上有個(gè)十字文身。2.Intheolddays,theywouldpaintandtattootheirbodiesforceremonies.過(guò)去，他們會(huì)為了某些儀式而在身上繪圖、文身。While-reading：Words&Phrasesnavel/'ne?v(?)l/

n.scarwheretheumbilicalcordwasattached;thecenterpointormiddleofsomething

肚臍；中央；中心點(diǎn)e.g.KarolinaKurkova,a

Victoria’s

Secret

Angel,

isperfect

in

every

way,

except

she

ismissing

abellybutton.

Her

navel

simply

doesnot

exist.

《維多利亞秘密》里的天使卡洛利娜·庫(kù)爾科娃每個(gè)方面都很完美，但她卻沒(méi)有肚臍眼，她的肚臍根本不存在。Phrase:navelorange臍橙While-reading：Words&Phrasesphysiognomy/,f?z?'?(g)n?m?/

n.thehumanface外貌；面相

e.g.1.Hewasfascinatedbyherphysiognomy–theprominentnose,broodingeyes,andthickhair.2.Hiseyesweregood,butotherwisetherewasnothingremarkableinhisphysiognomy.Synonyms:aspect

/

colour

/

exterior

他被她的相貌—高挺的鼻梁、深邃的雙眸和濃密的秀發(fā)—迷住了。他的眼睛長(zhǎng)得好,其它方面倒也別無(wú)特別突出的地方。

While-reading：Words&Phrasessubliminally

/s?b'limin?li/

ad.belowthethresholdofconsciousperception

下意識(shí)地；潛意識(shí)地e.g.1.Ihavereadmanybooks,perhapstheyinfluencedmesubliminally.2.Colourhasaprofound,thoughoftensubliminal,influenceonoursensesandmoods.Phrases:AtLeastSubliminally

至少潛意識(shí)里PerhapsEvenSubliminallyKnow

可能甚至潛意識(shí)知道

我讀過(guò)很多書(shū)，也許受到了它們潛移默化的影響。

顏色對(duì)我們的感覺(jué)和情緒有一種很深遠(yuǎn)的影響，盡管常常是潛意識(shí)的。While-reading：Words&Phraseswhilst

/wa?lst/

conj.

duringthetimethat,oratthesametimeas

同時(shí)；時(shí)時(shí)，有時(shí)；當(dāng)…的時(shí)候e.g.1.Take

regular

breaks

–workdiligently

whilst

youare

atit,butafterthatputitaside.

2.Thefirmwillbeabletoundercutitscompetitorswhilststillmakingaprofit.采取定時(shí)休息

-

當(dāng)你工作時(shí)要勤奮，但工作之后要把它放在一邊。

該公司將得以把價(jià)格壓得低于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手而仍能盈利。While-reading：Words&Phrasesregime/re?'?i?m/

n.asystematicplanfortherapy(oftenincludingdiet);theorganizationthatisthegoverningauthorityofapoliticalunit養(yǎng)生法;政權(quán)，政體e.g.1.Hehasanewfitnessregimetostrengthenhisback.2.The

dictator

banned

all

newspapersandbooksthatcriticizedhisregime.

Phrases:

flowregime流態(tài)；水流動(dòng)態(tài)waterregime水情；水文狀況militaryregime軍事政權(quán)

currencyregime匯率制度他有一套新的健康養(yǎng)生法來(lái)加強(qiáng)他的背部力量。獨(dú)裁者取締批評(píng)他政權(quán)的報(bào)刊書(shū)籍。While-reading：Words&Phrasesrigor

/'r?g?/

n.somethinghardtoendure;thequalityofbeinglogicallyvalid嚴(yán)厲；精確e.g.Thereisaneedforacademicrigorinapproachingthisproblem.2.Part

ofthe

reasonforadeclineincriticalthinkingskillscould

beadecreaseinacademicrigor.Wordfamily:rigid

嚴(yán)格的；僵硬的

rigorous

嚴(yán)格的，嚴(yán)厲的

處理這個(gè)問(wèn)題需要學(xué)術(shù)上的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。

大學(xué)生批判性思維能力的下降部分歸咎于學(xué)術(shù)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性的放松。While-reading：Words&Phrasesgarb

/gɑ?b/

n.clothingofadistinctivestyleorforaparticularoccasion

服裝；裝束；打扮v.

providewithclothesorputclotheson裝扮；穿衣e.g.Heworethegarbofageneral.

他身著將軍的制服。2.ItgarbofaGoldenA,asaveteransoldier.Synonyms:clothing

/

wear

/

garment

/

costume

它披著一身黃金甲,像一位久經(jīng)沙場(chǎng)的戰(zhàn)士.

While-reading：Words&Phrasesaficionado

/?,f?sj?'nɑ?d??/n.

afanofbullfighting;aseriousdevoteeofsomeparticularmusicgenreormusicalperformer迷；狂熱愛(ài)好者e.g.1.Ihappentobeanaficionadooftheopera,andIloveartmuseums.碰巧我是個(gè)歌劇迷，而且喜歡藝術(shù)館。2.Every

furniture

aficionado

and

art-collector

wouldbe

eying

this

beautiful

piece

ofdesigner

furniture.

Synonym:fan

每個(gè)家具迷和藝術(shù)品收藏家都會(huì)迷上這件美麗而極具設(shè)計(jì)感的家具的。While-reading：Words&Phrasesconform

/k?n'f??m/

v.besimilar,beinlinewith;adaptorconformoneselftonewordifferentconditions

符合；遵照；適應(yīng)環(huán)境e.g.1.Thelamphasbeendesignedtoconformtonewsafetystandards.該燈設(shè)計(jì)得符合新的安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。2.A

mother

maypressureonechildtoconformtoherambitiousexpectations,butallowanothertogo

herown

way.

Collocation:conform

with

符合；與…一致

conforms

to

something

(與愿望等)相符合一位母親可能會(huì)給一個(gè)孩子壓力，以符合她雄心勃勃的期望，但允許另一個(gè)孩子走自己的路。While-reading：Words&Phrasesutilitarian

/j?,t?l?'te?r??n/

a.havingausefulfunction;havingutilityoftentotheexclusionofvalues功利的；實(shí)用的e.g.1.ItwasJamesMillwhowasthebestpublicistforutilitarianideasongovernment.詹姆斯·米爾才是政府功利主義思想的最佳宣傳家。2.Efficiency,

therefore,

can

never

serve

as

a

utilitarian

touchstone

for

law

or

forpublic

policy.

Wordfamily:utility

效用,有用,

utensil

器皿,用具

utilize

利用

因此,效率絕不能作為法律或公共政策的功利主義標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。While-reading：Words&Phrasessynonymous

/s?'n?n?m?s/

a.(ofwords)meaningthesameornearlythesame

同義的；同義詞的

e.g.1.Parishasalwaysbeensynonymouswithelegance,luxuryandstyle.2.China

is

now

synonymous

withtheterm"emerging”superpower--almost

everyreference

tothecountrymakessome

mention

of

its

future

global

prowess,

botheconomicandmilitary.

Wordfamily:synonymcollocation:be

synonymous

with與...同義中國(guó)現(xiàn)在就是“新興”超級(jí)大國(guó)的代名詞——幾乎每一個(gè)國(guó)家的參考文獻(xiàn)都會(huì)提到它未來(lái)的國(guó)際實(shí)力，包括經(jīng)濟(jì)和軍事方面。巴黎與優(yōu)雅、華貴和時(shí)尚一直是密不可分的。While-reading：Words&Phraseslaundering

/'l??nd?r??/

n.washingclothesandbedlinens

洗燙e.g.1.“We

discovered

some

evidence

of

money

laundering,

fraud,

and

embezzlement,”he

said.

“我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些洗錢(qián)、欺詐和貪污的證據(jù)，”他說(shuō)。2.ChenShui-bian

isaccusedofembezzlingstate

assets,acceptingbribes,forgery

andmoney-laundering.

Wordfamily:launderv.陳水扁被指控為挪用”國(guó)家資產(chǎn)”，受賄，以及造假帳，洗黑錢(qián)。

While-reading：Words&Phrasesincidental

/?ns?'dent(?)l/

a.minororcasualorsubordinateinsignificanceornatureoroccurringasachanceconcomitantorconsequence

附帶的；偶然的e.g.1.Theplayingofmusicprovedtobeincidentaltothemainbusinessoftheevening.2.When

you

resolve

the

actual

conflict,theincidentalconflictswillbe

automaticallyresolved

atthesametimebaseduponhowyoudecidetoresolve

the

conflict.

音樂(lè)演奏結(jié)果只是當(dāng)晚主要活動(dòng)的陪襯。當(dāng)您解決實(shí)際的沖突時(shí)，根據(jù)您決定如何解決沖突，與此同時(shí)那些偶然的沖突將自動(dòng)地解決。While-reading：Words&Phrasessolitaire

/‘s?l?te?/

n.agem(usuallyadiamond)inasettingbyitself；acardgameplayedbyoneperson

單粒寶石的飾物;獨(dú)居者；

單人玩的牌戲

1.A

week

before

Valentine's

Day,the

one-caratroundsolitairediamondring

set

in14K

whitegold($1,988)isoutofstockonWal-M.

情人節(jié)的前一個(gè)星期，鑲有一克拉圓形單粒鉆石的14K白金戒指在沃爾瑪?shù)木W(wǎng)站上已經(jīng)脫銷(xiāo)。2.When

you're

playing

Minesweeper,

Solitaire

or

Angry

Birds,it'salittle

difficulttoconvinceyourselfthatyou'rebeingproductive.當(dāng)你在掃雷、紙牌或者憤怒小鳥(niǎo)游戲時(shí)，你自己都無(wú)法相信自己正在從事創(chuàng)造性的工作。While-reading：Words&Phrasesstud/st?d/

n.ornamentconsistingofacircularroundedprotuberance(asonavaultorshieldorbelt)大頭釘；飾紐e.g.

1.Youseestudsonlotsoffrontdoors.2.Opt

for

stud

earrings

or

single

bracelets.

選擇鉆石耳環(huán)或者單手鐲。

你能在許多前門(mén)上看到金屬飾釘。While-reading：Words&Phrasesfad/f?d/

n.aninterestfollowedwithexaggeratedzeal時(shí)尚；一時(shí)的愛(ài)好e.g.1.Hamnettdoesnotbelieveenvironmentalconcernisapassingfad.2.This

may

seem

like

a

crazy

celebrity

fad,

but

it'snotsuchabadone.

Wordfamily:faddish

風(fēng)行的；流行一時(shí)的faddist

好新奇的人；趨于時(shí)尚者哈姆內(nèi)特不相信對(duì)環(huán)境的關(guān)注是一時(shí)的狂熱。這也許會(huì)看起來(lái)像一個(gè)瘋狂的名人時(shí)尚，但是這并不是那么糟糕。While-reading：Words&Phrasesrationing

/'r???n??/

n.theactofrationing定量配給e.g.

1.Themunicipalauthoritiesherearepreparingforfoodrationing.2.As

I

wrote

afew

weeksago,theBritish,unlikeAmericans,havepositivememoriesof

wartime

austerity

andeven

rationing.

此地的市政當(dāng)局正為食物配給制做準(zhǔn)備。如我?guī)字芮八鶎?xiě)，不像美國(guó)，英國(guó)對(duì)戰(zhàn)時(shí)的消費(fèi)節(jié)制甚至定量配給有著正面的記憶。While-reading：Words&Phrasesstreamlined

/'stri?mla?nd/

a.madeefficientbystrippingoffnonessentials;designedorarrangedtooffertheleastresistanttofluidflow

流線(xiàn)型的；改進(jìn)的1.Many

designers

choose

to

use

this

streamlined

design

foreverything

from

movieposters,

to

band

posters,

to

ad

posters.

2.The

complex

concepts

that

we

worked

through

with

the

online

community

wouldbe

presentedin

an

easier-to-consume,more

streamlined

way.

許多設(shè)計(jì)師選擇使用這種最新型的設(shè)計(jì)，從電影海報(bào)到樂(lè)隊(duì)海報(bào)，再到廣告海報(bào)。我們與網(wǎng)絡(luò)社區(qū)一道克服的復(fù)雜概念將會(huì)提出一種更加容易和精簡(jiǎn)的消費(fèi)方式。While-reading：Words&Phraseshaberdashery

/'h?b?d???r?/

n.thedrygoodssoldbyahaberdasher;astorewheremen'sclothesaresold雜貨商店;男子服飾用品店A

quick

mint-lemonadefromajuicestandlaterandwewerepushingthrough

alaneofhaberdasherymerchants,enroutetoasilvershoprunbyaformerMrUniverserunnerup.

在一家果汁攤喝了一杯薄荷檸檬茶后，我們穿過(guò)一條開(kāi)著許多男子飾品店的小巷，來(lái)到一家銀器店。While-reading：Words&Phrasesspeedy/'spi?d?/

a.characterizedbyspeed;movingwithorcapableofmovingwithhighspeed

快的；迅速的e.g.1.WewishBillaspeedyrecovery.2.Once

wemovetoeffectiveandspeedyenvironmentalreview,we'lllead

theworldinproductionof

those

needed

materials.

Synonyms:quick

/

rapid

/

fast

/

forward

/

ready

我們祝比爾早日康復(fù)。一旦它們通過(guò)有效的、迅速的環(huán)保審查，我們就將主導(dǎo)那些重要材料的生產(chǎn)。

While-reading：Words&Phrasesyarn

/jɑ?n/

n.afinecordoftwistedfibers(ofcottonorsilkorwoolornylonetc.)usedinsewingandweaving

紗線(xiàn)

1.Shestillspinstheyarnandknitssweatersforherfamily.2.CRAFTSUPPLIES:Whetherit’ssmallitemslikeyarnorbigitemslikea

kiln,

crafthobbies

don’t

haveto

behardonyourwallet.

她仍在為她的家人紡線(xiàn)織毛衣。手工藝品：

無(wú)論是小到像紗這樣的東西，還是大到像窯這樣的東西，對(duì)于手工藝的興趣不會(huì)讓你為荷包發(fā)愁。While-reading：Words&Phrasesfabric

/'f?br?k/

n.artifactmadebyweavingorfeltingorknittingorcrochetingnaturalorsyntheticfibers;theunderlyingstructure織物；布；組織；構(gòu)造e.g.1.Thejacketiscomfortablebecausethefabricbreathes.2.Thefabricofsocietyhasbeendeeplydamagedbythepreviousregime.Phrases:cottonfabric

棉布；棉纖物wovenfabric

織物這件短上衣穿著很舒適，因?yàn)檫@種織物透氣。社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)已被上屆執(zhí)政者嚴(yán)重地破壞了。filter

/'f?lt?/

v.passthrough;removebypassingthroughafilter濾過(guò)；滲入e.g.1.Thebestpreventionforcholeraistoboilorfilterwater,andeatonlywell-cookedfood.2.At

this

time

of

day

you

needto

filter

out

the

redlight

to

take

a

goodphoto.

While-reading：Words&Phrases預(yù)防霍亂最好的方法是把水煮沸或過(guò)濾，并且只吃煮熟的食物。在一天的這個(gè)時(shí)候，你需要過(guò)濾掉紅光才能把相照好。While-reading：Words&Phrasesmillennium

/m?'l?n?rm/

n.aspanof1000years

千年期，千禧年e.g.1.Creative

solidarity

between

all

those

engagedinthestruggleforhealth

is

the

keytoattainingourobjectives,andisitself

oneof

the

eight

Millennium

DevelopmentGoals.

2.Wewaitedastheclocktickedawaythelastfewsecondsoftheoldmillennium.Wordfamily:millennial

一千年的；千禧年的millenarian

一千年的；千禧年的millenary

一千個(gè)的；一千年的;千年；一千在為健康而參與斗爭(zhēng)的所有人之間的創(chuàng)新團(tuán)結(jié)是實(shí)現(xiàn)我們目標(biāo)的關(guān)鍵，而且本身就是八項(xiàng)千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)之一。我們靜候著時(shí)鐘滴答走過(guò)千年的最后幾秒鐘。persona

/p?'s??n?/

n.apersonalfacadethatonepresentstotheworld;anactor'sportrayalofsomeoneinaplay