初中二年級(jí)2025年下學(xué)期英語閱讀理解專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練試卷（含答案）考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______第一部分閱讀理解PassageOneTheinternethasbecomeanessentialpartofmodernlife.Itconnectspeoplearoundtheworldandprovidesaccesstoavastamountofinformation.However,theinternetalsohasitsdownsides.Onemajorconcernistheamountoftimepeoplespendonline.Manypeople,especiallyyoungpeople,spendhourseachdayscrollingthroughsocialmedia,watchingvideos,orplayinggames.Thiscanleadtoalackofface-to-faceinteractionwithfamilyandfriendsandcanevencausehealthproblemssuchaseyestrainandpoorposture.Anotherissueisthespreadofmisinformationonline.Anyonecanpostanythingontheinternet,anditcanbedifficulttodistinguishbetweentrueandfalseinformation.Thiscanleadtopeopleformingopinionsbasedonincorrectfacts,whichcanhaveseriousconsequencesinareaslikepoliticsandhealth.Despitethesechallenges,theinternetisstillapowerfultoolthatcanbeusedforgood.Itcanhelppeoplelearnnewthings,connectwithotherswhohavesimilarinterests,andevenstartbusinesses.Thekeyistousetheinternetresponsiblyandbeawareofitspotentialdangers.1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?2.Accordingtothepassage,whatisonedownsideofspendingtoomuchtimeonline?3.Whyisitdifficulttodistinguishbetweentrueandfalseinformationonline?4.Whatistheauthor'sopinionabouttheinternet?5.Accordingtothepassage,howcanpeopleusetheinternetresponsibly?PassageTwoClimatechangeisamajorproblemfacingtheworldtoday.Itiscausedbythereleaseofgreenhousegasesintotheatmosphere,primarilycarbondioxide.Thesegasestrapheatfromthesun,causingtheEarth'stemperaturetorise.Thiscanleadtoavarietyofnegativeconsequences,suchasmorefrequentandsevereweatherevents,risingsealevels,andthemeltingofpolaricecaps.Therearemanythingsthatindividualscandotohelpcombatclimatechange.Oneimportantstepistoreduceenergyconsumption.Peoplecandothisbyturningofflightsandelectronicswhentheyarenotinuse,usingenergy-efficientappliances,andchoosingtowalkorbikeinsteadofdriving.Anotherwaytohelpistoreducewaste.Thiscanbedonebyrecyclingpaper,plastic,andglass,andbycompostingfoodscraps.Businessesandgovernmentsalsohavearoletoplayinaddressingclimatechange.Companiescaninvestinrenewableenergysourcessuchassolarandwindpower.Governmentscanimplementpoliciesthatencouragetheuseofcleanenergyandreducegreenhousegasemissions.6.Whatisclimatechange?7.Whataresomeconsequencesofclimatechange?8.Whatarethreethingsthatindividualscandotohelpcombatclimatechange?9.Accordingtothepassage,whatroledobusinessesandgovernmentsplayinaddressingclimatechange?10.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?PassageThreeThehumanbrainisacomplexorganthatcontrolsourthoughts,feelings,andactions.Itismadeupofbillionsofneurons,whicharecellsthatsendandreceiveelectricalsignals.Neuronsareconnectedtoeachotherthroughsynapses,whichallowthemtocommunicatewithoneanother.Thebrainisdividedintodifferentregions,eachwithitsownspecificfunctions.Thecerebrum,forexample,isresponsibleforhigher-levelfunctionssuchasthinking,memory,andlanguage.Thecerebellumisinvolvedincoordinatingmovementandbalance.Thebrainstemcontrolsbasicfunctionssuchasbreathingandheartrate.Scientificresearchhasshownthatthebrainiscapableofchangingandadaptingthroughoutourlives.Thisisknownasneuroplasticity.Forexample,ifapersonlosesalimb,theirbraincanreorganizeitselftocompensatefortheloss.Thisabilitytoadaptallowsthebraintorecoverfrominjuryandlearnnewskills.11.Whatisthemainfunctionofthebrain?12.Whatareneurons?13.Nametworegionsofthebrainandtheirfunctions.14.Whatisneuroplasticity?15.Accordingtothepassage,whyisthestudyofthebrainimportant?第二部分閱讀理解PassageFourInrecentyears,thepopularityofonlinelearninghasincreasedsignificantly.Thisisdueinparttotheavailabilityoftechnologythatmakesiteasierforpeopletoaccesseducationalresourcesfromanywhere.Onlinelearningoffersseveraladvantagesovertraditionalclassroomlearning.Oneadvantageisflexibility.Studentscanlearnattheirownpaceandontheirownschedule.Thisisespeciallybeneficialforpeoplewhoworkfull-timeorhaveothercommitments.Anotheradvantageofonlinelearningisthatitcanprovideaccesstoawiderrangeofcoursesandresources.Studentsarenotlimitedtothecoursesofferedbytheirlocalschoolsoruniversities.Theycantakecoursesfrominstitutionsallovertheworld.Thiscanbeespeciallyhelpfulforpeoplewhowanttolearnspecializedskillsorwhowanttostudyasubjectthatisnotavailableintheirarea.However,onlinelearningalsohassomedisadvantages.Onedisadvantageisthatitcanbemoreisolatingthantraditionalclassroomlearning.Studentsdonothavetheopportunitytointeractwiththeirclassmatesandteachersface-to-face.Thiscanmakeitmoredifficulttobuildrelationshipsandgetsupport.Anotherdisadvantageisthatitcanbemorechallengingtostaymotivatedwhenlearningfromhome.Studentsneedtobeself-disciplinedandmotivatedtocompletetheircourseworkontheirown.Thiscanbedifficultforsomepeople,especiallythosewhoareusedtothestructureandsupportofatraditionalclassroom.16.Whathasincreasedsignificantlyinrecentyears?17.Whatisoneadvantageofonlinelearning?18.Whycanonlinelearningprovideaccesstoawiderrangeofcourses?19.Whatisonedisadvantageofonlinelearning?20.Accordingtothepassage,whatisnecessaryforstudentstobesuccessfulinonlinelearning?PassageFiveTheGreatWallofChinaisoneofthemostfamouslandmarksintheworld.ItisaseriesofwallsandfortificationsthatwerebuiltalongthenorthernbordersofChinatoprotectthecountryfrominvasions.TheGreatWallisnotasinglecontinuouswall;itismadeupofmanydifferentsectionsthatwerebuiltatdifferenttimesbydifferentemperors.TheconstructionoftheGreatWallbeganasearlyasthe7thcenturyBC.TheearliestsectionswerebuiltbyindividualstatesduringtheSpringandAutumnperiod.ThemostfamoussectionsoftheGreatWallwerebuiltduringtheMingDynasty,fromthe14thtothe17thcentury.Thesesectionsaretheonesthataremostvisitedtodaybytourists.TheGreatWallisnotonlyamarvelofengineeringbutalsoasymbolofChinesecultureandhistory.IthasbeenrecognizedasaUNESCOWorldHeritageSiteandisconsideredoneofthenewsevenwondersoftheworld.TheGreatWallattractsmillionsofvisitorseveryyearwhocometoseethisincrediblefeatofconstructionandlearnaboutitshistory.21.WhatistheGreatWallofChina?22.WhatwasthepurposeofbuildingtheGreatWall?23.WhenwastheGreatWallfirstbuilt?24.WhichdynastybuiltthemostfamoussectionsoftheGreatWall?25.WhatisthesignificanceoftheGreatWall?第三部分閱讀理解PassageSixTheimportanceofexerciseforphysicalandmentalhealthcannotbeoverstated.Regularphysicalactivitycanhelptoimprovecardiovascularhealth,strengthenmusclesandbones,andreducetheriskofchronicdiseasessuchasobesity,type2diabetes,andheartdisease.Exercisecanalsohavepositiveeffectsonmentalhealth.Itcanhelptoreducestress,improvemood,andincreaseself-esteem.Therearemanydifferenttypesofexercisethatpeoplecanengagein.Someexamplesincludeaerobicexercise,suchasrunning,swimming,andcycling,whichgettheheartrateupandimprovecardiovascularhealth.Strengthtraining,suchasliftingweightsorusingresistancebands,canhelptobuildmuscleandbonestrength.Flexibilityexercises,suchasyogaorstretching,canhelptoimproverangeofmotionandreducetheriskofinjury.Theamountandtypeofexercisethatapersonneedscanvarydependingontheirage,gender,andfitnesslevel.However,thegeneralrecommendationistoengageinatleast150minutesofmoderate-intensityaerobicexerciseperweek,or75minutesofvigorous-intensityaerobicexerciseperweek,plusstrengthtrainingexercisesforallmajormusclegroupsatleasttwiceperweek.26.Whatisthemainbenefitofregularphysicalactivity?27.Namethreetypesofexercise.28.Whatfactorscanaffecttheamountandtypeofexerciseapersonneeds?29.Whatisthegeneralrecommendationforaerobicexercise?30.Whyisexerciseimportantformentalhealth?PassageSevenTheAmazonrainforestisthelargestrainforestintheworld,locatedinSouthAmerica.Itcoversanareaofmorethan5millionsquarekilometersandishometoavastarrayofplantandanimalspecies.TheAmazonisoftenreferredtoasthe"lungsoftheEarth"becauseitproducesalargeportionoftheworld'soxygen.Therainforestisacomplexanddiverseecosystem.Itishometomorethan40,000plantspecies,1,300birdspecies,3,000fishspecies,andmorethan400mammalspecies.Manyofthesespeciesarefoundnowhereelseintheworld.TheAmazonrainforestisalsohometomanyindigenouscommunitieswhohavelivedintherainforestforthousandsofyearsandhaveadeepunderstandingofitsecosystems.TheAmazonrainforestisfacingmanythreats,includingdeforestation,climatechange,andpollution.Deforestationiscausedbyactivitiessuchaslogging,mining,andagriculture.Theseactivitiescanhaveadevastatingimpactontherainforestandthespeciesthatlivethere.Climatechangeisalsoamajorthreat,asitcanleadtochangesinrainfallpatternsandtemperatures,whichcanaffectthehealthoftherainforest.31.WhereistheAmazonrainforestlocated?32.WhatistheAmazonrainforestoftenreferredtoas?33.HowmanyplantspeciesareestimatedtobeintheAmazonrainforest?34.WhataresomethreatstotheAmazonrainforest?35.WhatcanbedonetoprotecttheAmazonrainforest?第四部分閱讀理解PassageEightThesmartphonehasbecomeanindispensabletoolinmodernlife.Itisahandhelddevicethatcombinesthefunctionsofaphone,computer,camera,andmanyotherdevicesintoone.Smartphoneshaverevolutionizedthewaywecommunicate,work,andentertainourselves.Oneofthemainadvantagesofsmartphonesistheirconvenience.Theyallowustostayconnectedwithothersatalltimes,nomatterwhereweare.Wecanmakecalls,sendtextmessages,andusesocialmediatocommunicatewithfriendsandfamily.Smartphonesalsogiveusaccesstoavastamountofinformationandentertainment.Wecanusethemtobrowsetheinternet,checkemail,playgames,watchvideos,andlistentomusic.However,smartphonesalsohavesomedisadvantages.Onedisadvantageisthattheycanbedistracting.Notificationsfromappscaninterruptourworkorconversations,andthetemptationtocheckourphonescanbehardtoresist.Smartphonescanalsobeaddictive,andsomepeoplefinditdifficulttoputthemdown.Anotherdisadvantageisthatsmartphonescanbeexpensive.Thelatestmodelscancostalotofmoney,andpeoplemayfeelpressuredtoupgradetheirphonesregularly.Smartphonescanalsobeharmfultoourhealth.Usingthemforlongperiodsoftimecancauseeyestrain,poorposture,andotherproblems.36.Whatisasmartphone?37.Whataresomeadvantagesofsmartphones?38.Whycansmartphonesbedistracting?39.Whatisonedisadvantageofsmartphones?40.Accordingtothepassage,howcansmartphonesbeharmfultoourhealth?PassageNineThestudyofhistoryisimportantformanyreasons.Ithelpsustounderstandthepast,whichinturnhelpsustounderstandthepresent.Historyprovidesuswitharecordofhumanevents,includingwars,revolutions,andtheriseandfallofcivilizations.Bystudyinghistory,wecanlearnfromthemistakesofthepastandavoidrepeatingthem.Historyalsohelpsustounderstanddifferentculturesandperspectives.Itgivesusinsightintothelivesofpeoplefromdifferenttimesandplaces.Thiscanhelpustobemoretolerantandunderstandingofothers.Historycanalsoinspireusbyshowingusexamplesofcourage,perseverance,andachievement.Inadditiontothesebenefits,studyinghistorycanalsobeenjoyable.Learningabouthistoricaleventsandfigurescanbefascinating,anditcanhelpustodevelopourcriticalthinkingandresearchskills.Therearemanydifferentwaystostudyhistory,includingreadingbooks,watchingdocumentaries,andvisitinghistoricalsites.41.Whyisthestudyofhistoryimportant?42.Whatdoesstudyinghistoryhelpustounderstand?43.Howcanstudyinghistoryhelpustobemoretolerantofothers?44.Whataresomebenefitsofstudyinghistory?45.Whataresomewaystostudyhistory?PassageTenTheimportanceofeducationcannotbeoverstated.Educationistheprocessofacquiringknowledge,skills,values,andattitudes.Itisessentialforpersonaldevelopment,socialmobility,andeconomicgrowth.Educationhelpsindividualstolivefulfillinglivesandcontributestothebettermentofsocietyasawhole.Therearemanydifferenttypesofeducation,includingformaleducation,whichtakesplaceinschoolsanduniversities,andinformaleducation,whichtakesplaceoutsideofformalsettings.Formaleducationprovidesastructuredcurriculumandisusuallyrequiredbylaw.Informaleducationincludesactivitiessuchasreading,traveling,andlearningfromothers.Thebenefitsofeducationarenumerous.Educationcanimproveanindividual'scriticalthinkingandproblem-solvingskills.Itcanalsoincreasetheirearningpotentialandopenupmorecareeropportunities.Educationcanalsohelpindividualstobemoreinformedandengagedcitizens,andtocontributetotheircommunitiesinameaningfulway.46.Whatiseducation?47.Whatarethetwomaintypesofeducationmentionedinthepassage?48.Whataresomebenefitsofeducation?49.Howcaneducationimproveanindividual'slife?50.Whyiseducationimportantforsociety?第五部分閱讀理解PassageElevenTheroleoftechnologyintheclassroomhasbecomeincreasinglyimportantinrecentyears.Technologycanbeusedtoenhancelearning,improveengagement,andprovideaccesstoawiderrangeofresources.Therearemanydifferenttypesoftechnologythatcanbeusedintheclassroom,includingcomputers,tablets,projectors,andinteractivewhiteboards.Oneofthemainbenefitsofusingtechnologyintheclassroomisthatitcanmakelearningmoreengaging.Interactivesoftwareandonlinegamescanmakelearningmorefunandinteractive,andcanhelptokeepstudentsinterestedinthematerial.Technologycanalsobeusedtoprovidestudentswithaccesstoawiderrangeofresources.Studentscanusetheinternettoresearchtopics,watchvideos,andaccessonlinelibraries.However,therearealsosomechallengestousingtechnologyintheclassroom.Onechallengeisthecostoftechnology.Schoolsmayneedtoinvestinnewequipmentandsoftware,whichcanbeexpensive.Anotherchallengeistheneedfortraining.Teachersmayneedtobetrainedonhowtousenewtechnologyeffectivelyintheclassroom.51.Whatistheroleoftechnologyintheclassroom?52.Howcantechnologymakelearningmoreengaging?53.Whataresomeresourcesthattechnologycanprovideaccessto?54.Whataresomechallengestousingtechnologyintheclassroom?55.Whyistrainingimportantforteacherswhousetechnology?PassageTwelveTheimportanceofenvironmentalprotectioncannotbeoverstated.Theenvironmentprovidesuswiththeresourcesweneedtosurvive,anditisimportanttoprotectitsothatwecanpassitontofuturegenerations.Therearemanydifferentthreatstotheenvironment,includingpollution,deforestation,andclimatechange.Pollutionistheintroductionofharmfulsubstancesintotheenvironment.Itcancontaminatetheair,water,andsoil,andcanhaveadevastatingimpactonwildlifeandhumanhealth.Deforestationistheclearingofforests,whichcanleadtosoilerosion,lossofbiodiversity,andclimatechange.ClimatechangeisthewarmingoftheEarth'sclimatesystem,whichcanleadtomoreextremeweatherevents,risingsealevels,andthemeltingofpolaricecaps.Therearemanythingsthatindividualscandotohelpprotecttheenvironment.Oneimportantstepistoreduce,reuse,andrecycle.Thiscanhelptoreducetheamountofwastethatisproducedandcanconservenaturalresources.Anotherwaytohelpistouselessenergy.Peoplecandothisbyturningofflightsandelectronicswhentheyarenotinuse,usingenergy-efficientappliances,andcarpooling.56.Whyisenvironmentalprotectionimportant?57.Namethreethreatstotheenvironment.58.Whatispollution?59.Whatcanbedonetoreducewaste?60.Howcanindividualshelptoprotecttheenvironment?試卷答案第一部分閱讀理解1.Themaintopicofthepassageistheprosandconsoftheinternet.2.Onedownsideofspendingtoomuchtimeonlineisalackofface-to-faceinteractionwithfamilyandfriends.3.Itisdifficulttodistinguishbetweentrueandfalseinformationonlinebecauseanyonecanpostanything,makingithardtoverifyitsaccuracy.4.Theauthor'sopinionabouttheinternetisthatitisapowerfultoolthatcanbeusedforgood,butitneedstobeusedresponsibly.5.Accordingtothepassage,peoplecanusetheinternetresponsiblybybeingawareofitspotentialdangersandlimitingtheirtimespentonline.解析思路：1.主旨題。通讀全文可知，文章主要討論了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的利與弊，所以答案為“theprosandconsoftheinternet”。2.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句“Manypeople,especiallyyoungpeople,spendhourseachdayscrollingthroughsocialmedia,watchingvideos,orplayinggames.Thiscanleadtoalackofface-to-faceinteractionwithfamilyandfriendsandcanevencausehealthproblemssuchaseyestrainandpoorposture.”可知，花太多時(shí)間在網(wǎng)上會(huì)導(dǎo)致缺乏與家人和朋友的面對(duì)面交流，所以答案為“alackofface-to-faceinteractionwithfamilyandfriends”。3.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句“Anyonecanpostanythingontheinternet,anditcanbedifficulttodistinguishbetweentrueandfalseinformation.”可知，任何人都可以在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上發(fā)布任何信息，很難區(qū)分真?zhèn)危源鸢笧椤癮nyonecanpostanything,makingithardtoverifyitsaccuracy”。4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Thekeyistousetheinternetresponsiblyandbeawareofitspotentialdangers.”可知，作者認(rèn)為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的工具，但需要負(fù)責(zé)任地使用，并意識(shí)到其潛在的危險(xiǎn)，所以答案為“itisapowerfultoolthatcanbeusedforgood,butitneedstobeusedresponsibly”。5.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Thekeyistousetheinternetresponsiblyandbeawareofitspotentialdangers.”可知，關(guān)鍵是要負(fù)責(zé)任地使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，并意識(shí)到其潛在的危險(xiǎn)，所以答案為“bybeingawareofitspotentialdangersandlimitingtheirtimespentonline”。PassageTwo6.ClimatechangeisthewarmingoftheEarth'sclimatesystemduetothereleaseofgreenhousegases.7.Someconsequencesofclimatechangeincludemorefrequentandsevereweatherevents,risingsealevels,andthemeltingofpolaricecaps.8.Threethingsthatindividualscandotohelpcombatclimatechangearereducingenergyconsumption,reducingwaste,andusingpublictransportationorwalking/bikinginsteadofdriving.9.Accordingtothepassage,businessescaninvestinrenewableenergysourcessuchassolarandwindpower,andgovernmentscanimplementpoliciesthatencouragetheuseofcleanenergyandreducegreenhousegasemissions.10.Themainideaofthepassageisthatindividuals,businesses,andgovernmentsallhavearoletoplayinaddressingclimatechange.解析思路：6.定義題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“Theinternethasbecomeanessentialpartofmodernlife.Itconnectspeoplearoundtheworldandprovidesaccesstoavastamountofinformation.However,theinternetalsohasitsdownsides.Onemajorconcernistheamountoftimepeoplespendonline.Manypeople,especiallyyoungpeople,spendhourseachdayscrollingthroughsocialmedia,watchingvideos,orplayinggames.Thiscanleadtoalackofface-to-faceinteractionwithfamilyandfriendsandcanevencausehealthproblemssuchaseyestrainandpoorposture.”可知，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)已經(jīng)成為現(xiàn)代生活的重要組成部分，它連接了世界各地的???并提供了大量的信息。然而，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)也有它的缺點(diǎn)。一個(gè)主要的問題是人們花在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的時(shí)間太多。許多人，尤其是年輕人，每天花幾個(gè)小時(shí)刷社交媒體、看視頻或玩游戲。這會(huì)導(dǎo)致缺乏與家人和朋友的面對(duì)面交流，甚至?xí)?dǎo)致健康問題，如眼睛疲勞和不良姿勢(shì)。所以答案為“thewarmingoftheEarth'sclimatesystemduetothereleaseofgreenhousegases”。7.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句“Thecerebellumisinvolvedincoordinatingmovementandbalance.”可知，小腦參與協(xié)調(diào)運(yùn)動(dòng)和平衡，所以答案為“itisinvolvedincoordinatingmovementandbalance”。8.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句“Thebrainstemcontrolsbasicfunctionssuchasbreathingandheartrate.”可知，腦干控制基本功能，如呼吸和心率，所以答案為“itcontrolsbasicfunctionssuchasbreathingandheartrate”。9.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句“Thebrainstemcontrolsbasicfunctionssuchasbreathingandheartrate.”可知，腦干控制基本功能，如呼吸和心率，所以答案為“itcontrolsbasicfunctionssuchasbreathingandheartrate”。10.主旨題。通讀全文可知，文章主要討論了大腦的不同區(qū)域及其功能，所以答案為“thedifferentregionsofthebrainandtheirfunctions”。PassageThree11.Themainfunctionofthebrainistocontrolourthoughts,feelings,andactions.12.Neuronsarecellsthatsendandreceiveelectricalsignalsinthebrain.13.Tworegionsofthebrainandtheirfunctionsarethecerebrum(responsibleforhigher-levelfunctionssuchasthinking,memory,andlanguage)andthecerebellum(involvedincoordinatingmovementandbalance).14.Neuroplasticityisthebrain'sabilitytochangeandadaptthroughoutourlives.15.Accordingtothepassage,thestudyofthebrainisimportantbecauseithelpsusunderstandhowourthoughts,feelings,andactionsarecontrolled,andithasledtoadvancementsinmedicineandtechnology.解析思路：11.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“Thehumanbrainisacomplexorganthatcontrolsourthoughts,feelings,andactions.”可知，大腦是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的器官，控制著我們的思想、情感和行動(dòng)，所以答案為“tocontrolourthoughts,feelings,andactions”。12.定義題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句“Thebrainismadeupofbillionsofneurons,whicharecellsthatsendandreceiveelectricalsignals.”可知，大腦由數(shù)十億個(gè)神經(jīng)元組成，神經(jīng)元是發(fā)送和接收電信號(hào)的細(xì)胞，所以答案為“cellsthatsendandreceiveelectricalsignalsinthebrain”。13.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段可知，大腦分為不同的區(qū)域，每個(gè)區(qū)域都有其特定的功能。大腦皮層負(fù)責(zé)高級(jí)功能，如思考、記憶和語言；小腦參與協(xié)調(diào)運(yùn)動(dòng)和平衡。所以答案為“thecerebrum(responsibleforhigher-levelfunctionssuchasthinking,memory,andlanguage)andthecerebellum(involvedincoordinatingmovementandbalance)”。14.定義題。根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句“Thisabilitytoadaptallowsthebraintorecoverfrominjuryandlearnnewskills.”可知，這種適應(yīng)能力使大腦能夠從損傷中恢復(fù)并學(xué)習(xí)新技能，所以答案為“thebrain'sabilitytochangeandadaptthroughoutourlives”。15.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章最后一段可知，研究大腦可以幫助我們理解我們的思想、情感和行動(dòng)是如何受到控制的，并且它已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致了醫(yī)學(xué)和技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，所以答案為“ithelpsusunderstandhowourthoughts,feelings,andactionsarecontrolled,andithasledtoadvancementsinmedicineandtechnology”。第二部分閱讀理解PassageFour16.Whathasincreasedsignificantlyinrecentyearsisthepopularityofonlinelearning.17.Oneadvantageofonlinelearningisflexibility,asstudentscanlearnattheirownpaceandontheirownschedule.18.Onlinelearningcanprovideaccesstoawiderrangeofcoursesbecausestudentsarenotlimitedtothecoursesofferedbytheirlocalschoolsoruniversities;theycantakecoursesfrominstitutionsallovertheworld.19.Onedisadvantageofonlinelearningisthatitcanbemoreisolatingthantraditionalclassroomlearningbecausestudentsdonothavetheopportunitytointeractwiththeirclassmatesandteachersface-to-face.20.Accordingtothepassage,studentsneedtobeself-disciplinedandmotivatedtobesuccessfulinonlinelearningbecausetheyneedtocompletetheircourseworkontheirown.解析思路：16.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“Inrecentyears,thepopularityofonlinelearninghasincreasedsignificantly.”可知，近年來，在線學(xué)習(xí)的流行度顯著增加，所以答案為“thepopularityofonlinelearning”。17.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句“Oneadvantageofonlinelearningisitsflexibility.Studentscanlearnattheirownpaceandontheirownschedule.”可知，在線學(xué)習(xí)的一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)是它的靈活性。學(xué)生可以按照自己的節(jié)奏和自己的時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)，所以答案為“flexibility,asstudentscanlearnattheirownpaceandontheirownschedule”。18.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句“Anotherwaytohelpistoreducewaste.Thiscanbedonebyrecyclingpaper,plastic,andglass,andbycompostingfoodscraps.”可知，減少浪費(fèi)可以通過回收紙張、塑料和玻璃，以及堆肥食物殘?jiān)鼇韺?shí)現(xiàn)，所以答案為“byrecyclingpaper,plastic,andglass,andbycompostingfoodscraps”。19.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段第三句“Businessesandgovernmentsalsohavearoletoplayinaddressingclimatechange.Companiescaninvestinrenewableenergysourcessuchassolarandwindpower.”可知，企業(yè)和政府也在應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化中發(fā)揮作用。公司可以投資太陽能和風(fēng)能等可再生能源，所以答案為“Companiescaninvestinrenewableenergysourcessuchassolarandwindpower.”。20.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句“Governmentscanimplementpoliciesthatencouragetheuseofcleanenergyandreducegreenhousegasemissions.”可知，政府可以實(shí)施鼓勵(lì)使用清潔能源和減少溫室氣體排放的政策，所以答案為“Governmentscanimplementpoliciesthatencouragetheuseofcleanenergyandreducegreenhousegasemissions.”。PassageFive21.TheGreatWallofChinaisaseriesofwallsandfortificationsbuiltalongthenorthernbordersofChinatoprotectthecountryfrominvasions.22.TheGreatWallofChinaisoftenreferredtoasthe"GreatWallofChina"becauseitisoneofthemostfamouslandmarksintheworld.23.TheGreatWallofChinawasfirstbuiltasearlyasthe7thcenturyBCbyindividualstatesduringtheSpringandAutumnperiod.24.TheMingDynastybuiltthemostfamoussectionsoftheGreatWall.25.ThesignificanceoftheGreatWallisthatitisamarvelofengineering,asymbolofChinesecultureandhistory,andithasbeenrecognizedasaUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.解析思路：21.定義題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“TheGreatWallofChinaisoneofthemostfamouslandmarksintheworld.ItisaseriesofwallsandfortificationsthatwerebuiltalongthenorthernbordersofChinatoprotectthecountryfrominvasions.”可知，長(zhǎng)城是世界上最著名的地標(biāo)之一。它是由一系列城墻和防御工事組成的，這些城墻和防御工事沿著中國(guó)的北部邊境建造，以保護(hù)中國(guó)免受入侵，所以答案為“aseriesofwallsandfortificationsthatwerebuiltalongthenorthernbordersofChinatoprotectthecountryfrominvasions”。22.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句“TheGreatWallofChinaisoftenreferredtoasthe'GreatWallofChina'becauseitisoneofthemostfamouslandmarksintheworld.”可知，長(zhǎng)城常被稱為“萬里長(zhǎng)城”，因?yàn)樗鞘澜缟献钪牡貥?biāo)之一，所以答案為“the'GreatWallofChina'becauseitisoneofthemostfamouslandmarksintheworld”。23.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句“TheearliestsectionsoftheGreatWallwerebuiltduringtheSpringandAutumnperiod,asearlyasthe7thcenturyBC.”可知，長(zhǎng)城最早的sections是在春秋時(shí)期建造的，早在公元前7世紀(jì)，所以答案為“asearlyasthe7thcenturyBCbyindividualstatesduringtheSpringandAutumnperiod”。24.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段第三句“ThemostfamoussectionsoftheGreatWallwerebuiltduringtheMingDynasty,fromthe14thtothe17thcentury.”可知，長(zhǎng)城最著名的sections是在明朝建造的，從14世紀(jì)到17世紀(jì)，所以答案為“theMingDynasty”。25.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第三段可知，長(zhǎng)城是一項(xiàng)工程奇跡，是中華文化和歷史的象征，并且已被列為聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織世界遺產(chǎn)，所以答案為“itisamarvelofengineering,asymbolofChinesecultureandhistory,andithasbeenrecognizedasaUNESCOWorldHeritageSite”。第三部分