肇慶市中醫(yī)院超聲醫(yī)學(xué)英語考核一、選擇題（每題2分，共20題）1.Whatistheprimarypurposeofusingaconvextransducerinabdominalultrasound?A.CardiacimagingB.ThyroidglandevaluationC.SuperficialstructurevisualizationD.Vascularbloodflowassessment2.Whichultrasoundtechniqueismostcommonlyusedforevaluatingthebiliarysystem?A.DopplerultrasoundB.ColorflowimagingC.Contrast-enhancedultrasoundD.Endoscopicultrasound3.Whatdoestheterm"acousticshadowing"refertoinultrasoundimaging?A.IncreasedsignalintensitybehindanobstacleB.AttenuationofsoundwavesduetoadensestructureC.EnhancementofbloodflowinvesselsD.Lossofimagedetailduetomotionartifacts4.Whichultrasoundparameterisadjustedtoimproveimageresolution?A.FrequencyB.PulserepetitionfrequencyC.GainD.Filtersettings5.Whatisthesignificanceofa"grayscalescale"inultrasoundimaging?A.ItmeasuresthespeedofsoundintissuesB.ItrepresentstheintensityofreflectedultrasoundwavesC.ItdeterminesthedepthoftheimagedstructureD.Itadjuststhecontrastoftheimage6.Whichultrasoundmodalityisparticularlyusefulforassessingliverfibrosis?A.2Dgray-scaleultrasoundB.ShearwaveelastographyC.PowerDopplerimagingD.Harmonicimaging7.Whatistheroleofacontrastagentinultrasoundimaging?A.ToenhancebonevisualizationB.ToimproveimageresolutionC.ToenhancetissuecontrastinvesselsandorgansD.Toreduceartifactscausedbymotion8.Whichultrasoundsignsuggeststhepresenceofagallstone?A.HyperechogenicitywithshadowingB.HypoechoicmasswithoutshadowingC.IsoechoiclesionwithinternalvascularityD.Ring-downartifact9.Whatisthenormalrangefortheliverspaninadultsmeasuredbyultrasound?A.10-12cmB.13-15cmC.16-18cmD.19-21cm10.Whichultrasoundtechniqueismostsensitivefordetectingportalhypertension?A.2Dgray-scaleultrasoundB.ColorDopplerimagingC.Transientinferiorvenacava(TIVC)collapsibilityD.Harmonicimaging二、填空題（每空1分，共10空）1.The_________modeprovidesreal-timeimagingofmovingstructuresinultrasound.2._________isatechniqueusedtoassesstissuestiffnessinliverdisease.3.The_________beamwidthisnarrowerathigherfrequencies.4._________artifactsoccurwhenultrasoundwavesreflectoffcurvedsurfaces.5._________imagingenhancesthevisualizationofbloodvessels.6.The_________scalerepresentsthebrightnessofpixelsinanultrasoundimage.7._________isacommonultrasoundsignindicatingasolidmass.8.The_________isthedepthatwhichultrasoundwavesaremosteffectivelyabsorbed.9._________ultrasounduseshigh-frequencysoundwavesforsuperficialstructures.10.The_________techniqueevaluatesthemotionofbloodflowinvessels.三、簡(jiǎn)答題（每題5分，共4題）1.Describethedifferencesbetweengray-scaleultrasoundandcolorDopplerimaging.2.Explaintheconceptof"acousticshadowing"anditsclinicalsignificance.3.Listthreecommonultrasoundfindingsinchronicliverdisease.4.Discusstheroleofcontrast-enhancedultrasoundinabdominalimaging.四、翻譯題（每題10分，共2題）1.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish:"超聲檢查顯示患者肝臟實(shí)質(zhì)回聲增強(qiáng)，伴有門靜脈增寬，提示可能存在肝纖維化。"2.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese:"Contrast-enhancedultrasound(CEUS)isavaluabletoolfordifferentiatingbenignfrommalignantliverlesions."答案與解析一、選擇題答案與解析1.D-解析：凸型探頭主要用于腹部、盆腔等淺表器官的掃查，可獲取較寬的視野，適合觀察肝、膽、胰、脾等器官。心臟成像通常使用扇形探頭或腔內(nèi)探頭，甲狀腺評(píng)估多用線陣探頭，血管血流評(píng)估則依賴多普勒技術(shù)。2.A-解析：灰階超聲是基礎(chǔ)檢查，但膽道系統(tǒng)因含氣或鈣化易產(chǎn)生聲影，需結(jié)合多普勒或造影劑增強(qiáng)。內(nèi)鏡超聲可深入消化道，但臨床常規(guī)首選灰階超聲結(jié)合動(dòng)態(tài)掃查。3.B-解析：聲影是指強(qiáng)回聲（如結(jié)石、骨骼）后方因聲能衰減導(dǎo)致的低信號(hào)區(qū)域，臨床可用于識(shí)別膽結(jié)石、腎結(jié)石等。其他選項(xiàng)描述錯(cuò)誤：增強(qiáng)信號(hào)為血流顯像，運(yùn)動(dòng)偽影為多普勒干擾。4.A-解析：探頭頻率越高，分辨率越強(qiáng)，但穿透深度越淺。脈沖重復(fù)頻率影響多普勒顯示，增益調(diào)節(jié)圖像亮度，濾波器用于消除干擾。5.B-解析：灰階標(biāo)尺將回聲強(qiáng)度與像素亮度對(duì)應(yīng)，黑白代表聲強(qiáng)強(qiáng)弱，是超聲圖像的核心顯示方式。其他選項(xiàng)描述錯(cuò)誤：聲速測(cè)量需公式計(jì)算，血流評(píng)估依賴多普勒。6.B-解析：剪切波彈性成像（SWE）通過檢測(cè)組織振動(dòng)頻率評(píng)估硬度，對(duì)肝纖維化分級(jí)（F0-F4）敏感，優(yōu)于常規(guī)灰階超聲。其他技術(shù)如多普勒主要用于血流評(píng)估。7.C-解析：超聲造影劑（如微氣泡）增強(qiáng)血管顯像，可區(qū)分良惡性病變（如轉(zhuǎn)移瘤強(qiáng)化模式）。其他選項(xiàng)描述錯(cuò)誤：骨成像依賴CT/MRI，分辨率提升靠高頻率，運(yùn)動(dòng)偽影需減低增益。8.A-解析：高回聲伴聲影是膽結(jié)石典型特征，因結(jié)石含鈣或含氣產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)反射。其他選項(xiàng)描述不符：低回聲可能為囊性病變，等回聲提示腫瘤，環(huán)形偽影為氣體。9.B-解析：成人肝臟跨度通常13-15cm（右側(cè)肋間掃查），測(cè)量需避開肝臟邊緣。其他數(shù)值范圍過高或過低。10.C-解析：TIVC塌陷試驗(yàn)（平臥位測(cè)量下腔靜脈內(nèi)徑變化）是篩查門靜脈高壓的快速方法。多普勒可評(píng)估門脈血流，但TIVC更直接反映靜脈壓力。二、填空題答案與解析1.Real-time-解析：實(shí)時(shí)模式（Real-timemode）是超聲的核心功能，通過連續(xù)掃描顯示動(dòng)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)（如心臟搏動(dòng)、腸管蠕動(dòng)）。2.Shearwaveelastography-解析：剪切波彈性成像（SWE）是定量評(píng)估組織硬度的金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，對(duì)肝纖維化診斷優(yōu)于常規(guī)超聲。3.Frequency-解析：頻率越高，波束越窄，分辨率越高（如3.5MHz探頭優(yōu)于1.5MHz）。4.Reverberation-解析：多次反射偽影（Reverberation）常見于探頭與皮膚接觸不良，表現(xiàn)為等距離亮帶。5.ColorDoppler-解析：彩色多普勒（ColorDoppler）用顏色編碼血流方向和速度，是血管評(píng)估的常規(guī)技術(shù)。6.Grayscalescale-解析：灰階標(biāo)尺（Grayscalescale）將回聲強(qiáng)度映射為圖像亮度，0級(jí)純黑，255級(jí)純白。7.Hypoechoicmass-解析：低回聲團(tuán)（Hypoechoicmass）提示實(shí)性病變（如腫瘤、炎癥），需結(jié)合邊界、血流評(píng)估。8.Attenuationdepth-解析：聲衰減深度（Attenuationdepth）指超聲波能顯著減弱的深度范圍，受頻率和組織性質(zhì)影響。9.High-frequencyultrasound-解析：高頻超聲（如10MHz以上）穿透淺，分辨率高，用于甲狀腺、乳腺等淺表器官。10.Dopplerimaging-解析：多普勒成像（Dopplerimaging）檢測(cè)聲波頻移，評(píng)估血流速度和方向。三、簡(jiǎn)答題答案與解析1.灰階超聲vs.彩色多普勒-灰階超聲：顯示組織回聲強(qiáng)度，用于觀察器官形態(tài)、大小、結(jié)構(gòu)（如肝臟、膽囊）。-彩色多普勒：用顏色顯示血流，區(qū)分動(dòng)脈/靜脈，評(píng)估血流速度，對(duì)腫瘤、血管病變?cè)\斷更直觀。2.聲影的臨床意義-定義：強(qiáng)回聲（如結(jié)石、骨骼）后方因聲能吸收形成的低信號(hào)區(qū)。-臨床應(yīng)用：可識(shí)別膽結(jié)石、腎結(jié)石、肺結(jié)節(jié)；但需排除氣體或致密組織干擾。3.慢性肝病的超聲表現(xiàn)-回聲增強(qiáng)（纖維化導(dǎo)致組織結(jié)構(gòu)紊亂）；-門靜脈增寬（高壓或淤血）；-肝臟形態(tài)改變（體積縮小、邊緣不規(guī)則）。4.造影增強(qiáng)超聲的作用-提高腫瘤檢出率（如轉(zhuǎn)移瘤延遲強(qiáng)化）；-區(qū)分良惡性（如肝硬化結(jié)節(jié)對(duì)比增強(qiáng)模式）；-評(píng)估血管灌注（如肝硬化門脈高壓）。四、翻譯題答案與解析1.中文翻譯：超聲檢查顯示患者肝臟實(shí)質(zhì)回聲增強(qiáng)，伴有門靜脈增寬，提示可能存在肝纖維化。-英文翻譯：Ultrasoundexaminationrevealedincreasedliverpar