初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練題在初中英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換是語(yǔ)法體系的核心考點(diǎn)之一，貫穿閱讀理解、句型轉(zhuǎn)換、書面表達(dá)等題型。掌握語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則，不僅能提升語(yǔ)法應(yīng)用能力，更能深化對(duì)句子邏輯關(guān)系的理解。本文結(jié)合中考考綱要求，梳理語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換的核心規(guī)則，并通過分時(shí)態(tài)、分結(jié)構(gòu)的專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練，幫助學(xué)生系統(tǒng)突破這一難點(diǎn)。一、語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換的核心規(guī)則與要點(diǎn)（一）主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)的基本步驟1.確定時(shí)態(tài)，調(diào)整be動(dòng)詞：根據(jù)原句時(shí)態(tài)（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過去時(shí)、進(jìn)行時(shí)等），選擇對(duì)應(yīng)的be動(dòng)詞形式（am/is/are/was/were/being/been等）。2.賓語(yǔ)變主語(yǔ)：將原句的賓語(yǔ)（或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）提升為被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)（若原句無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，需判斷是否為“主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)”結(jié)構(gòu)）。3.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變形：原句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)椤癰e+過去分詞”形式（不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞需牢記過去分詞）。4.執(zhí)行者補(bǔ)充（可選）：若需強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者，用“by+賓格”置于句末；若執(zhí)行者未知或不重要，可省略。（二）特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)（如givesb.sth.）：可將間接賓語(yǔ)（sb.）或直接賓語(yǔ)（sth.）變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)。變間接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為“sb.+be+過去分詞+sth.”；變直接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，需加介詞（to/for），結(jié)構(gòu)為“sth.+be+過去分詞+to/for+sb.”。例：Hegavemeabook.→Iwasgivenabook(byhim)./Abookwasgiventome(byhim).短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（如lookafter,takecareof）：需將短語(yǔ)視為整體，不可拆分，過去分詞與短語(yǔ)搭配。例：Weshouldlookaftertheold.→Theoldshouldbelookedafter(byus).使役/感官動(dòng)詞（如make,let,see）：主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)為“makesb.do”“seesb.do”，被動(dòng)時(shí)需還原to，即“sb.+be+made/seen+todo”。例：Thebossmadetheworkerswork12hoursaday.→Theworkersweremadetowork12hoursaday(bytheboss).二、分時(shí)態(tài)專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練（主動(dòng)→被動(dòng)）（一）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)規(guī)則：主動(dòng)（do/does）→被動(dòng)（am/is/are+過去分詞）例題解析：原句：Peoplegrowriceinthesouth.轉(zhuǎn)換：Riceisgrown(bypeople)inthesouth.（解析：原句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)“rice”是單數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞用“is”；“grow”的過去分詞為“grown”。）練習(xí)題：1.WespeakChinese.→Chinese______(speak)byus.2.Thegirlcleanstheclassroomeveryday.→Theclassroom______(clean)bythegirleveryday.（答案：1.isspoken；2.iscleaned）（二）一般過去時(shí)規(guī)則：主動(dòng)（did）→被動(dòng)（was/were+過去分詞）例題解析：原句：Theybuiltthebridgelastyear.轉(zhuǎn)換：Thebridgewasbuilt(bythem)lastyear.（解析：一般過去時(shí)，主語(yǔ)“bridge”是單數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞用“was”；“build”的過去分詞為“built”。）練習(xí)題：1.Heboughtanewbikeyesterday.→Anewbike______(buy)byhimyesterday.2.Theworkersfinishedtheworktwodaysago.→Thework______(finish)bytheworkerstwodaysago.（答案：1.wasbought；2.wasfinished）（三）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)規(guī)則：主動(dòng)（am/is/are+doing）→被動(dòng)（am/is/are+being+過去分詞）例題解析：原句：Theyareplantingtreesnow.轉(zhuǎn)換：Treesarebeingplanted(bythem)now.（解析：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，主動(dòng)句的“planting”需變?yōu)椤癰eingplanted”；主語(yǔ)“trees”是復(fù)數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞用“are”。）練習(xí)題：1.Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom.→Theclassroom______(clean)bythestudents.2.Sheiswritingaletter.→Aletter______(write)byher.（答案：1.isbeingcleaned；2.isbeingwritten）（四）一般將來(lái)時(shí)規(guī)則：主動(dòng)（willdo/begoingtodo）→被動(dòng)（willbe+過去分詞/begoingtobe+過去分詞）例題解析：原句：Wewillholdapartytomorrow.轉(zhuǎn)換：Apartywillbeheld(byus)tomorrow.（解析：一般將來(lái)時(shí)，主動(dòng)句的“willhold”需變?yōu)椤皐illbeheld”。）練習(xí)題：1.Theywillfinishtheworknextweek.→Thework______(finish)bythemnextweek.2.Sheisgoingtobuyanewdress.→Anewdress______(buy)byher.（答案：1.willbefinished；2.isgoingtobebought）（五）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)規(guī)則：主動(dòng)（have/has+done）→被動(dòng)（have/has+been+過去分詞）例題解析：原句：Hehasfinishedthework.轉(zhuǎn)換：Theworkhasbeenfinished(byhim).（解析：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主動(dòng)句的“hasfinished”需變?yōu)椤癶asbeenfinished”。）練習(xí)題：1.Wehaveplantedmanytrees.→Manytrees______(plant)byus.2.Shehaswrittentwobooks.→Twobooks______(write)byher.（答案：1.havebeenplanted；2.havebeenwritten）（六）含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞規(guī)則：主動(dòng)（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+do）→被動(dòng)（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過去分詞）例題解析：原句：Weshouldprotecttheenvironment.轉(zhuǎn)換：Theenvironmentshouldbeprotected(byus).（解析：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞“should”后接“be+過去分詞protected”。）練習(xí)題：1.Youmustfinishthehomeworkontime.→Thehomework______(finish)ontime(byyou).2.Wecanusethistool.→Thistool______(use)byus.（答案：1.mustbefinished；2.canbeused）三、綜合提升訓(xùn)練（多結(jié)構(gòu)混合）1.原句：Theteacheroftentellsusstories.（雙賓語(yǔ)+一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）轉(zhuǎn)換：We______often______stories(bytheteacher)./Stories______often______tous(bytheteacher).（答案：are;told；are;told）（解析：間接賓語(yǔ)“us”變主語(yǔ)時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為“aretold”；直接賓語(yǔ)“stories”變主語(yǔ)時(shí)，加介詞“to”，結(jié)構(gòu)為“aretoldtous”。）2.原句：Theyhavetakengoodcareofthechildren.（短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）轉(zhuǎn)換：Thechildren____________goodcareof(bythem).（答案：havebeentaken）（解析：短語(yǔ)“takecareof”視為整體，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)為“havebeentaken”。）3.原句：Thebossmadetheworkerswork12hoursaday.（使役動(dòng)詞+一般過去時(shí)）轉(zhuǎn)換：Theworkers__________________work12hoursaday(bytheboss).（答案：weremadeto）（解析：使役動(dòng)詞“make”的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)需還原“to”，即“weremadeto”。）總結(jié)：語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換的“破題關(guān)鍵”1.時(shí)態(tài)對(duì)應(yīng)：牢記不同時(shí)態(tài)的be動(dòng)詞形式（如現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)用“being”，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用“b