（英語）高二英語閱讀理解(社會文化)的技巧及練習題及練習題(含答案)及解析一、高中英語閱讀理解社會文化類1．閱讀理解

Vietnamaimstosolvetherelationsbetweeneconomicdevelopmentandculturalpreservation.Vietnameseculturaldepartmentsandactivistshavetriedtopreservethehistoricalandculturalrelicsinthecountry.

Vietnamnowhasmorethan40000historicalrelics.Theserelicsofvariousformsandhistoryaretreasuresforfuturegenerations.

However,hundredsofrelicsareseverelydamagedduetothenegativeinfluenceoftime,warandhumanactivities.HeadofHanoiRelicsManagementBoard,NguyenDoanTuan,saysrescueworkmustpreservetherelics'soul:"Wecannotreplaceruinedconstructionwithnewmaterials.Wemustpreserveitsshape,sizeandstyle.Weneedtopayattentiontoeverybrickreplacedsothatitlooksexactlyliketheoriginal."

Mostrelicshavetorelyontouristfeesforrepairandrescuework.DirectorofVanMieuCulturalandScienceCenterDangKimNgoc,saysthattherelicsmustbepromotedwidelytoattractmorevisitorsandbringinmoreincomeforrepairandpreservation:"Weprovideconstantguideservicesforvisitorssothattheyunderstandmoreaboutourrelics.Atthesametime,anaturalsurroundingoftherelichasbeenensured,includingthegrassfieldandgardentoimproveitsscenicvalue."

Thelocalgovernmentagreedthattherelicsmustbeturnedtothecommunityforsharedeffortsinthepreservationwork.DirectorofVietnamRevolutionMuseumDangQuocQuan,saidthatthecommunitymustbeguidedinthepreservationandprotection,"TheUNESCOaimstoletlocalcommunitytakepartinthepreservationofrelics.Wehaveseenlimitationsinthepreservationofrelics,especiallyfestival-relatedgroupsofbuildings.Thisrequiresmanagementandguidancebythegovernment."

NguyenThiMinhLyfromtheDepartmentofHeritagesaysthecommunityshouldbeguidedinproperbehaviorstowardsrelics:"Thiswillensuretheprotectionofculturalrelicsinlatergenerations.Creativerestoration(修復)mustbebasedonprevious(先前的)values."

Expertshavecalledforasystematic(系統的)guidancebythestateinlocallevelpreservationwhilepromotingcreativethinkinginrestorationforeachrelic.（1）Whereisthepassagemostprobablytakenfrom?A.Agovernmentsurvey.B.Aresearchpaper.C.Anewspaperreport.D.Atravelguide.（2）WhichofthefollowingisnotthereasonsforthedamagedrelicsinVietnam?A.Humanactivities.B.Poorbuildingmaterials.C.Warinfluence.D.Thepassingoftime.（3）Itcanbeinferredfromparagraphs4-6thattopreserverelics,thegovernmentshould

.A.turntotheUNESCOforfinancialhelpB.improvethescenicvaluebyraisingtouristfeesC.encouragethecommunitytojoinintherescueworkD.makefulluseofthemoneyraisedbythelocalpeople（4）Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.GuidetheCommunityinProperBehaviorsB.ReplacetheRuinedConstructionwithaNewStyleC.HundredsofRelicsinVietnamAreInRuinsD.ExpertsCallforaSystematicWaytoPreserveRelics【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了越南文化部門和活動人士一直在努力保護本國的歷史和文化遺產，文章說明了文物遭受破壞的原因和文物保護的現狀。就此專家們呼吁國家對地方一級的保護進行系統的指導，同時促進對每一件文物的創(chuàng)造性修復。（1）考查推理判斷。根據第一段中的“Vietnameseculturaldepartmentsandactivistshavetriedtopreservethehistoricalandculturalrelicsinthecountry.”越南文化部門和活動人士一直在努力保護本國的歷史和文化遺產，以及文章主要內容為介紹專家們呼吁用一種系統的方法來保護文物，故選C。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據第三段中的“However,hundredsofrelicsareseverelydamagedduetothenegativeinfluenceoftime,warandhumanactivities.”然而，由于時間、戰(zhàn)爭和人類活動的負面影響，數以百計的文物遭到嚴重破壞，故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據第五段中的“Thelocalgovernmentagreedthattherelicsmustbeturnedtothecommunityforsharedeffortsinthepreservationwork.DirectorofVietnamRevolutionMuseumDangQuocQuan,saidthatthecommunitymustbeguidedinthepreservationandprotection,‘TheUNESCOaimstoletlocalcommunitytakepartinthepreservationofrelics...’”當地政府同意，文物必須移交給社區(qū)，共同努力進行保護工作。越南革命博物館館長DangQuocQuan說，社會必須在保護和保護的指導下，“聯合國教科文組織的目的是讓當地社會參與文物的?！笨梢酝茢啵瑸榱吮Ｗo文物，政府應該鼓勵社區(qū)參與救援工作。故選C。（4）考查主旨大意。根據最后一段“Expertshavecalledforasystematicguidancebythestateinlocallevelpreservationwhilepromotingcreativethinkinginrestorationforeachrelic.”專家們呼吁國家對地方一級的保護進行系統的指導，同時促進對每一件文物的創(chuàng)造性修復，以及結合文章主要內容為越南文化部門和活動人士一直在努力保護本國的歷史和文化遺產可知，故選D。【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎上，進一步根據上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

TheBritishliveonasmallisland.Theyaresurroundedbythesea,soitisnotsurprisingthattheseahasalwaysplayedanimportantroleintheirlives.Afterthedevelopmentoflarge,ocean-goingsailingshipsinthefifteenthcentury,theseabecameevenmoreimportanttothecountry'sdevelopment.ShipssettingsailfromEnglanddeterminedtoextendBritain'sterritories,itswealthanditsknowledgeoftheworld.ShipsreturnedtoEnglandbringinggoods,peopleandnewideasfromforeignplaces.Bythenineteenthcentury,Britainhadthelargest,mostpowerfulnavyintheworld.

ThegreatsailingshipsweresomuchapartofBritishlifethattheyevenaffectedthelanguage.ManyEnglishexpressionsweusetodaywereoriginallynautical(航海的)terms,althoughmostpeoplenolongerrealizethis.Forexample,peoplecommonlydescribeanhonestandfairbusinessdealasbeing"aboveboard".Thisexpressionwasoriginallyusedinsailingshiptimeswhensecretive,dishonestship'sbusinesswouldbecarriedoutbelowdecks(belowtheboards)outofpublicview.Ontheotherhand,honestbusinesswasalwaysconductedondeck(abovetheboards),intheopenwhereeveryonecouldseewhatwasgoingon.

"Pipedown!",meaning"Bequiet!",isanothercommonexpressionthathasnauticalorigins.Theship'sboatswain(水手長)wouldblowawhistle,orpipe,attheendofthedaytoindicate(表明)tothesailorsitwastimetoquietendownandgotosleep.

MostnativeEnglishspeakershaveheardtheexpression"notenoughroomtoswingacat",butfewknowthatthe"cat"doesnotrefertoasmallfurryanimalwithfourlegsandatail.The"cat"isactuallyashortformof"catofninetails"—awhipwithnine,knotted(打結的)tails.Aboatswainneededalotofspaceinordertoswingthewhipproperlywhenlashing(鞭打)apoorsailorunderhiscontrol!（1）TheBritishhavebeenstronglyinfluencedbytheseabecause________.A.

theyoccupiedmorelandaroundtheworld

B.

theygotmorewealthfromtheseaC.

theyliveonanislandsurroundedbythesea

D.

theyhadthelargestnavyever（2）Ifsomeoneisopenandaboveboard,itmeansheis________.A.

secretive

B.

honest

C.

cheerful

D.

dishonest（3）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.

Sailorsneedtogotosleepwhentheyhearawhistle.B.

Sailorswillbewhippediftheydobusinessbelowdecks.C.

Apoorsailormaybewhippedninetimesaday.D.

Thereisnospareroomtoraisecatsonships.（4）Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.

ThebusinessonBritishsailingships.B.

TheinfluenceofBritishsailors'languageonEnglish.C.

ThesailinghistoryofEngland.D.

ThesailingstoryofBritishsailors.【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，英國作為一個島國，四周環(huán)海，海洋在英國人的生活中起著重要的作用。英國曾有著強大的海軍。一直以來，水手們經常使用的一些航海術語豐富并影響著英語這門語言。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據第一段中的“Theyaresurroundedbythesea,soitisnotsurprisingthattheseahasalwaysplayedanimportantroleintheirlives.”可知，英國被海洋環(huán)繞，海對英國人的生活影響很大。故選C。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據第二段中的“…peoplecommonlydescribeanhonestandfairbusinessdealasbeing“aboveboard”可知，如果”一個誠實公正的人就會被認為是'aboveboard'”。故選B。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據第三段中的“Theship'sboatswain(水手長)wouldblowawhistle,orpipe,attheendofthedaytoindicate(表明)tothesailorsitwastimetoquietendownandgotosleep.”可知船上的水手長會在一天結束的時候吹口哨或吹笛子，向水手們表示應該安靜下來睡覺了。故選A。（4）考查主旨大意。第一段介紹英國是一個受到海洋影響的國家，四周環(huán)海，航海在人們的生活中起著重要的作用。以此引入主題即水手們在航行時使用的一些航海術語對英語這門語言所產生的影響。故選B。【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎上，進一步根據上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

Takealookatthefollowinglistofnumbers:4,8,5,3,7,9,6.Readthemloud.Nowlookawayandspend20secondsmemorizingtheminorderbeforesayingthemoutloudagain.IfyouspeakEnglish,youhaveabouta50%chanceofrememberingthoseperfectly.IfyouareChinese,though,you'realmostcertaintogetitrighteverytime.Whyisthat?Becausewemosteasilymemorizewhateverwecansayorreadwithinatwo-secondperiod.AndunlikeEnglish,theChineselanguageallowsthemtofitallthosesevennumbersintotwoseconds.

ThatexamplecomesfromStanislasDahaene'sbookTheNumberSense.AsDahaeneexplains:Chinesenumberwordsareremarkablybrief.Mostofthemcanbespokenoutinlessthanone-quarterofasecond(forinstance,4is“si”and7“qi”).TheirEnglishpronunciationsarelonger.ThememorygapbetweenEnglishandChineseapparentlyisentirelyduetothisdifferenceinlength.

Itturnsoutthatthereisalsoabigdifferenceinhownumber-namingsystemsinWesternandAsianlanguagesareconstructed.InEnglish,wesayfourteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteenandnineteen,soonemightexpectthatwewouldalsosayoneteen,twoteen,threeteen,andfiveteen.

Butwedon't.Weuseadifferentform:eleven,twelve,thirteenandfifteen.Fornumbersabove20,weputthe“decade”firstandtheunitnumbersecond(twenty-one,twenty-two),whilefortheteens,wedoittheotherwayaround(fourteen,seventeen,eighteen).ThenumbersysteminEnglishishighlyirregular.NotsoinChina,Japan,andKorea.Theyhavealogicalcountingsystem.Elevenisten-one.Twelveisten-two.Twenty-fouristwo-tens-fourandsoon.

ThatdifferencemeansthatAsianchildrenlearntocountmuchfasterthanAmericanchildren.Four-year-oldChinesechildrencancount,onaverage,to40.Americanchildrenatthatagecancountonlyto15.Bytheageoffive,inotherwords,AmericanchildrenarealreadyayearbehindtheirAsianfriendsinthemostfundamentalofmathskills.

TheregularityoftheirnumbersystemalsomeansthatAsianchildrencanperformbasicfunctions,suchasaddition,farmoreeasily.AskanEnglish-speakingseven-year-oldtoaddthirty-sevenplustwenty-twoinherhead,andshehastochangethewordstonumbers(37+22).Onlythencanshedothemath:2plus7is9and30and20is50,whichmakes59.AskanAsianchildtoaddthree-tens-sevenandtwo-tens-two,andthenthenecessaryequation(等式)isrightthere,inthesentence.Nonumbertranslationisnecessary:it'sfive-tens-nine.

Whenitcomestomath,inotherwords,Asianshaveabuilt-inadvantage.Foryears,studentsfromChina,SouthKorea,andJapan---outperformedtheirWesternclassmatesatmathematics,andthetypicalassumptionisthatithassomethingtodowithakindofAsiantalentformath.ThedifferencesbetweenthenumbersystemsintheEastandtheWestsuggestsomethingverydifferent---thatbeinggoodatmathmayalsoberootedinagroup'sculture.（1）Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.

TheAsiannumber-namingsystemhelpsgraspadvancedmathskillsbetter.B.

Westernculturefailtoprovidetheirchildrenwithadequatenumberknowledge.C.

ChildreninWesterncountrieshavetolearnbyheartthelearningthings.D.

Asianchildren'sadvantageinmathmaybesourcedfromtheirculture.（2）WhatmakesaChineseeasiertorememberalistofnumbersthananAmerican?A.

Theirunderstandingofnumbers.

B.

Theirmothertongue.C.

Theirmatheducation.

D.

TheirdifferentIQ.（3）Asianchildrencanreachanswersinbasicmathfunctionsmorequicklybecause____________.A.

theypronouncethenumbersinashorterperiodB.

theypracticemathfromanearlyageC.

theydon'thavetotranslatelanguageintonumbersfirstD.

Americanchildrencanonlycountto15attheageoffour【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C【解析】【分析】本文為介紹說明文。文章介紹了東西方數字系統之間的差異對東西方人數學能力的影響，同時也發(fā)現了一個非常不同的地方：善于數學也可能植根于一個群體的文化中。（1）主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文介紹了東西方數字系統之間的差異對東西方人數學能力的影響。同時根據第三段中的ThenumbersysteminEnglishishighlyirregular.NotsoinChina,Japan,andKorea.Theyhavealogicalcountingsystem.（英語中的數字系統是高度不規(guī)則的。在中國、日本、韓國則不是這樣的。他們有一個邏輯計數系統。）及第四段中的ThatdifferencemeansthatAsianchildrenlearntocountmuchfasterthanAmericanchildren.（這種差異意味著亞洲兒童比美國兒童學的要快得多。）可推知，本文主要探討了亞洲兒童在數學方面的優(yōu)勢可能來源于他們的文化的問題。故選D。（2）推理判斷題。根據第一段中的Becausewemosteasilymemorizewhateverwecansayorreadwithinatwo-secondperiod.AndunlikeEnglish,theChineselanguageallowsthemtofitallthosesevennumbersintotwoseconds.（因為我們最容易記住我們在一兩秒鐘內能說或讀的東西。與英語不同，漢語允許他們把這七個數字放在兩秒鐘之內）可推知，比起美國人，中國人的母語讓中國人更容易記住一列數字。故選B。（3）細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數第二段中對亞洲孩子與美國孩子在基本數學運算方面的對比可知，亞洲兒童可以更快地在基本數學運算中找到答案，是因為他們不必先把語言翻譯成數字。故選C。4．閱讀理解

SinglesDay:AlibabaSaysaLotofPeopleinChinaBoughtOnlineTheplanet'sbiggestshoppingdayhascomeandgone,andAlibabaagainshowedtheworldhowmanymountainsofstuff(物品)itcouldpersuadepeopletobuyinthe24hours.

MondaywasNov.11,knowninChinaasSinglesDay.Thisyear,nearly$38.3billionworthofstuffwassoldonAlibaba'splatforms(平臺)thatday,beatinglastyear's$30.8billionandmakingBlackFridaylook,yetagain,likeayardsale.

Chinahasgrownricherandmoredigitallyconnected.Alibabahasbecomeatechnologypowerhouse.Alongtheway,thecompanyhasmadeafewfamousfriends.ThisyearthesingerTaylorSwiftperformedinitslive-streamedeveninggala(慶典)inShanghaionSunday.InpreviousyearsthemodelMirandaKerrandtheactorsNicoleKidmanandDanielCraigalsoshowedontheSinglesDaystage.

AlibabastartedtakingtheleadinChina,simplyenough,byconnectingbigChinesemanufacturerswithbigbuyersacrosstheworld.Itsbusiness-to-businesssite,Aallowedpeopletobuyalmosteverything.Alibaba'sadvantagewasn'thardtosee:size.Alibabaisjustbig,evenbyChinesestandards.

Alibabanowcallsitselfadataandtechnologycompany,onethatprovidesdigitaltoolstohelpthebusinessesonitsplatforms.That,inturn,leadsconsumerstolooktothoseplatformsfortheireveryneed,fromshoppingandservicestoentertainmentandtravel.Today,Alibabaisitselfagiganticcompany,anditwantstogrowbiggerstill.（1）Whereisthispassageprobablyfrom?A.Atextbook.B.Anewspaper.C.Asciencenewsreport.D.Anadvertisement.（2）HowmanyfamouspeopleshowedontheSinglesDaystage?A.2.B.3.C.4.D.5.（3）WhatdoesAlibaba'sadvantagemainlyliein?A.Itsplatform.B.Itsservice.C.Itsprice.D.Itssize.（4）Whichwordcanreplacetheunderlinedword"gigantic"inthelastparagraph?A.Large.B.Small.C.Good.D.Successful.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了引領了中國雙十一購物節(jié)的阿里巴巴公司。每年購物節(jié)前夕都會找明星預熱。同時介紹了阿里巴巴的相關信息。（1）考查推理判斷。本文介紹了中國雙十一購物節(jié)相關數據和阿里巴巴公司的情況，可以從報紙了解到相關信息。故選B。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據第三段中的TaylorSwift，MirandaKerr，NicoleKidman，DanielCraig等人都參加了雙十一晚會慶典，共4人，故選C。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據第四段中的“Alibaba'sadvantagewasn'thardtosee:size.Alibabaisjustbig,evenbyChinesestandards.”阿里巴巴的優(yōu)勢不難看出，就是其規(guī)模，而且阿里巴巴的規(guī)模以中國標準而言也是非常大的。故選D。（4）考查詞義猜測。最后一段中的“anditwantstogrowbiggerstill”，阿里巴巴也想繼續(xù)擴大，此處使用了bigger形容詞的比較級，由此可判斷劃線詞意為“大”，故選A?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

Tobeagoodteacher,youneedsomeofthegiftsofagoodactor;youmustbeabletoholdtheattentionandinterestofyouraudience;youmustbeaclearspeaker,withagood,strong,pleasantvoicewhichisfullyunderyourcontrol;andyoumustbeabletoactwhatyouareteaching,inordertomakeitsmeaningclear.

Watchagoodteacher,andyouwillseethathedoesn'tsitstillbeforehisclass;hestandsthewholetimeheisteaching;hewalksabout,usinghisarms,handsandfingerstohelphiminhisexplanations,andhisfacetoexpressfeelings.

Thereareveryimportantdifferencesbetweentheteacher'sworkandtheactor's.Theactorhastospeakwordswhichhehaslearntbyheart;hehastorepeatexactlythesamewordseachtimeheplaysacertainpart,evenhismovementsandthewaysinwhichheuseshisvoiceareusuallyfixedbeforehand(預先).Whathehastodoistomakeallthesecarefullylearntwordsandactionsseemnaturalonthestage.Agoodteacherworksinquiteadifferentway.Hisaudiencetakeanactivepartinhisplay:theyaskandanswerquestions,theyobeyorders,andiftheydon'tunderstandanything,theysayso.Theteachercan'tlearnhispartbyheart,butmustinventitashegoesalong.

Ihaveknownmanyteacherswhoarefineactorsinclassbutareunabletotakepartinastage-playbecausetheycan'tkeepstrictlytowhatanotherhaswritten.（1）Fromthepassage,weknow______.A.agoodteachershouldbeagoodactor.B.agoodteachermaybeunabletoactwellonthestage.C.agoodactorshouldbeagoodteacher.D.agoodactormayactwellinclass.（2）WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Agoodteachershouldspeakclearly.B.Agoodteachershouldsitstillbeforehisclassandspeakwithhisbodylanguage.C.Agoodactorshouldspeakasothershaveaskedhimtodo.D.Agoodactorshouldrepeatexactlythesamewordseachtimeheplaysacertainpart.（3）Theskillsofagoodteacherare______.A.drawhisstudents'attention.B.changehisvoicewhenneeded.C.actoutwhatheisteaching.D.alltheabove.（4）Thetitle(標題)ofthepassageis______.A.Howtobeagoodteacher.B.Howtobeagoodactor.C.Agoodteacher'sknowledge.D.Agoodactor'sbehavior.【答案】（1）B（2）B（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了教師職業(yè)與演員職業(yè)的異同。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據最后一段中的“Ihaveknownmanyteacherswhoarefineactorsinclassbutareunabletotakepartinastage-playbecausetheycan'tkeepstrictlytowhatanotherhaswritten.”我認識許多老師，他們在課堂上是很好的演員，但在舞臺劇中卻表演不好，因為他們不能嚴格遵守別人提前寫好的內容，可知，一個好老師不一定在表演臺上能表演好。故選B。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據第二段中的“Watchagoodteacher,andyouwillseethathedoesn'tsitstillbeforehisclass;hestandsthewholetimeheisteaching”看一個好老師，你會看到他常常不會靜靜地在教室前邊坐著，他在教授的整節(jié)課上都會站著，可知，一個好老師不應該就在班級前坐著，所以選項B描述不正確。故選B。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據第一段可知，要成為一名優(yōu)秀的教師，你需要具備某些好演員的天賦。你必須能hold住觀眾（學生）的注意力和興趣點。語言要清晰，聲音要宏亮、悅耳，而且收放自如。.而且為了讓你所傳授的東西更好地被理解，你應該能把你它表演出來。，故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。本文第一段提出了做一名好老師應該具有的天賦，以及通過與演員職業(yè)對比，說明做老師與做演員的差異。文章從前到后都在告訴我們如何才能成為一名好老師。故選A。【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準確掌握細節(jié)信息，并根據上下文的邏輯關系，進行概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

Musicisaninternationallanguage.Thesongsthataresungorplayedbyinstrumentsarebeautifultoallpeopleeverywhere.

PopularmusicinAmericaiswhateverystudentlikes.Studentscarrysmallradioswithearphonesandlistentomusicbeforeclass,afterclassandatlunch.Studentswithcarsbuylargespeakers(揚聲器)andplaythemusicloudlyastheydriveonthestreet.

Adultdriverslistentomusiconthecarradioastheydrivetowork.Theyalsolistentothenewsaboutsports,theweather,politics,andactivitiesoftheAmericanpeople.Butmostoftheradiobroadcastismusic.

Poporpopularmusicsingersmakemuchmoney.TheymakeaCDortapewhichradiostationsuseineverystate.Oncethepopularsingerisheardthroughoutthecountry,youngpeoplebuyhisorhertapes.Someofthemoneyfromthesetapescomestothesinger.Whereverthesingergoes,alltheyoungpeoplewanttomeethimorher.Nowthesingerhasbecomeanationalstar.

Besidespopmusic,therearetwootherkindsofmusicthatisimportanttoAmericans.Oneiscalledfolkmusic.IttellsstoriesaboutthecommonlifeofAmericans.Theotheriscalledwesternorcountrymusic.Thiswasstartedbycowboyswhowouldsingatnighttothecowstheywerewatching.Today,anymusicaboutcountrylifeandthelovebetweenacountryboyandhisgirliscalledwesternorcountrymusic.

Seriousmusicfortheconcerthallsiscalledclassicalmusic.Musicforinstrumentsiscalledorchestramusic,suchasthesymphonies(交響樂)ofBeethoven.Thereisoperaforsingers,balletfordancerslikethestoryofLiangShanboandZhuYingtaiinChina.（1）Inwhatwaycanmusicberegardedasaninternationallanguage?A.Popularmusiciswhateveryoneenjoys.B.Thewonderfulsongsarepopularwiththeworldpeople.C.Whenmusicisplayed,itseemsasifitwerespeakingtous.D.Musicistoopopularforeveryonetobeabletoplayit.（2）WhatcanweknowaboutmusicandpeopleinAmerica?A.Adultdriverslistentonewsaswellasmusicwhentheydrivetowork.B.Adultdriversneverlistentomusicwhentheydrivetowork.C.Studentdriverscarrysmallradioswithearphoneswhentheydriveonthestreets.D.Studentsalwayslistentomusicbeforeclass,inclassandafterclass.（3）WhichofthefollowingstatementisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.AllpeopleinAmericalikepopularmusic.B.Popsingerscangetallthemoneyfromthetapes.C.LiangShanboandZhuYingtaiisakindofpopmusicinChina.D.Now，westernorcountrymusicisalittledifferentfromitsbeginning.（4）What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Internationallanguage.B.MusicinAmerica.C.Popmusic.D.Musiclisteners.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了美國的幾種音樂。（1）考查推理判斷。根據第一段中的“Musicisaninternationallanguage.Thesongsthataresungorplayedbyinstrumentsarebeautifultoallpeopleeverywhere”可知，音樂是一種世界性的語言，用樂器演唱或演奏的歌曲對世界各地的人們來說都是美麗的，因此推斷美妙的歌曲深受世界人民的歡迎。故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據第三段中的“Adultdriverslistentomusiconthecarradioastheydrivetowork.Theyalsolistentothenewsaboutsports，theweather，politics，andactivitiesoftheAmericanpeople.”可知，成年司機開車上班時聽汽車收音機里的音樂，他們還收聽體育新聞，天氣，政治，和美國人民的活動。A項正確。其他三項描述都不正確。故選A。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據倒數第二段中的“Thiswasstartedbycowboyswhowouldsingatnighttothecowstheywerewatching.Today，anymusicaboutcountrylifeandthelovebetweenacountryboyandhisgirliscalledwesternorcountrymusic.”可知，如今的鄉(xiāng)村音樂與過去是不同的。當初它是牛仔唱給牛聽的，但現在它是任何關于鄉(xiāng)村生活或鄉(xiāng)村青年愛情的音樂。故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。從文中各段的描述看，本文主要講的是美國的音樂種類。故選B?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎上，進一步根據上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

Americansgavenearly$300billionawaylastyear.Doyouknowthereason?Beyondthenoblegoalsofhelpingothers,itisthatgivingwillmakethemhappier.

Itisafactthatgiversarehappierpeoplethannon-givers.AccordingtotheSocialCapitalCommunityBenchmarkSurvey,asurveyof30,000Americanhouseholds,peoplewhogivemoneytocharityare43%morelikelythannon-giverstosaytheyare"veryhappy"abouttheirlives.Similarly,volunteersare42%morelikelytobeveryhappythennon-volunteers.

Thehappinessdifferencebetweengiversandnon-giversisnotduetodifferencesintheirpersonalcharacteristics,suchasincomeorreligion.Imaginetwopeoplewhoareidenticalintermsofincomeandfaith,aswellasage,education,politics,sex,andfamilycircumstances,butonedonatesmoneyandvolunteers,whiletheotherdoesnot.Thegiverwillbe,onaverage,over40percentagepointsmorelikelytobeveryhappythanthenon-givers.

Anumberofstudieshaveresearchedexactlywhycharityleadstohappiness.Thesurprisingconclusionisthatgivingaffectsourbrainchemistry.Forexample,peoplewhogiveoftenreportfeelingsofeuphoria,whichpsychologistshavereferredtoasthe"Helper'sHigh".Theybelievethatcharitableactivityproducesaverymildversionofthesensationspeoplegetfromdrugslikemorphineandheroin.

Ofcourse,notonlydoesgivingincreaseourhappiness,butalsoourhappinessincreasesthepossibilitythatwewillgive.Everyonepreferstogivemorewhentheyarehappy.Researchershaveinvestigatedthisbyconductingexperimentsinwhichpeopleareaskedabouttheirhappinessbeforeandaftertheyparticipateinacharitableactivity,suchasvolunteeringtohelpchildrenorservingmealstothepoor.Theresultisclearthatgivinghasastrong,positivecausalimpactonourhappiness,sodoeshappinessongiving（1）AccordingtoParagraph2.Wecanlearnthat

.A.

onlythosepeoplewhogavemoneytocharitywillbehappyB.

moregiverssaytheyfeelhavinghappylivesthannon-giversC.

thosewhodonatemoneyarehappierthanthosewhovolunteerD.

42%ofthevolunteerssaytheyareashappyasthenon-volunteers（2）Whatcausesthehappinessdifference?A.

Income.

B.

Faith.

C.

Education.

D.

Donation.（3）Ifapersonfeelshappy,hemay

.A.

askformoredonations

B.

stopcharitableactivityC.

belikelytogivemore.

D.

cookfoodforthepoor【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了美國人愛做慈善，因為給予別人幫助比得到幫助更讓人快樂。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據第二段中的“peoplewhogivemoneytocharityare43%morelikelythannon-giverstosaytheyare‘veryhappy’abouttheirlives.”可知給予者比得到幫助者更快樂。故選B。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據第三段年齡，性別，收入，信仰，家庭環(huán)境都相同的兩個人，總是向慈善機構捐錢的那個人，更快樂?？芍蔷栀浐徒o予影響一個人的快樂。故選D。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據最后一段中的“notonlydoesgivingincreaseourhappiness,butalsoourhappinessincreasesthepossibilitythatwewillgive.”一個人越快樂就越愿意去捐贈，去幫助別人。故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生準確掌握細節(jié)信息，結合題目要求，從而選出正確答案。8．Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

WhydosomanyAmericansdistrustwhattheyreadintheirnewspapers?TheAmericanSocietyofNewspaperEditorsistryingtoanswerthispainfulquestion.Theorganizationisdeepintoalongself-analysisknownasthejournalismcredibilityproject.

Sadtosay,thisprojecthasturnedouttobemostlylow-levelfindingsaboutfactualerrorsandspellingandgrammarmistakes,combinedwithlotsofhead-scratchingpuzzlementaboutwhatintheworldthosereadersreallywant.

Butthesourcesofdistrustgowaydeeper.Mostjournalistslearntoseetheworldthroughasetofstandardpatternsintowhichtheyreporteachday'sevents.Inotherwords,thereisatraditionalstorylineinthenewsroomculturethatprovidesabackboneandaready-madenarrativestructureforotherwiseconfusingnews.

Thereexistsasocialandculturaldisconnectbetweenjournalistsandtheirreaders,whichhelpsexplainwhythe"standardpatterns"ofthenewsroomseemforeigntomanyreaders.Inarecentsurvey,questionnairesweresenttoreportersinfivemiddle-sizecitiesaroundthecountry,plusonelargemetropolitanarea.Thenresidentsinthesecommunitieswerephonedatrandomandaskedthesamequestions.

RepliesshowthatcomparedwithotherAmericans,journalistsaremorelikelytoliveinupscaleneighborhoods,havemaids,ownMercedeses,andtradestocks,andthey'relesslikelytogotochurch,dovolunteerwork,orputdownrootsinacommunity.

Reporterstendto