________手向20書面表達中的高級結(jié)構(gòu)

一、高級詞匯結(jié)構(gòu)演化

I.occur替換thinkof

Suddenly1hadanideathatsomeonehadbrokenintomyhouse.—?

Anideaoccurredtomethatsomeonehadbrokenintomyhouse.

Iloccurredtomethatsomeonehadbrokenintomyhouse.

2.devote替換spend

Hespendsallhissparetimeinreading.—>

Hedevotesallhissparetimetoreading.

3.seek替換want/lookfor

Theysought(wanted)tohidethemselvesbehindthetrees.

4.average替換ordinary

I'manaverage(ordinary)student.

5.but替換very

Thefilmwesawlastnightwasveryinteresting.—>

Thefilmwcsawlastnightwasnothingbutinteresting.

Thefilmwesawlastnightwasanythingbutboring.

6.seat替換sit

Onhiswaytoschool,hefoundanoldladyseated(sitting)bytheroad,lookingworried.

7.suppose替換should

Heissupposedto(should)havedrivenmoreslowly.

8.appreciate替換thank

Thankyouverymuchforyouhelp.—>

Weappreciateyourhelpverymuch,iYourhelpismuchappreciated.

9.thecase替換true

Idon'tthinkitisthecase(true).

10.on替換assoonas

Assoonashearrived,hebeganhisresearch.—?

Onhisarrival,hebeganhisresearch.

11.dueto替換becauseof

Hearrivedlatedueto(becauseof)thestorm.

12.cover替換walk/read

Aftercovering(walking)10miles,weallfelttired.

13.contributeto替換behelpful/useful

PlentyofmemoryworkisundoubtedlyhelpfultoEnglishstudy.—>

PlentyofmemoryworkwillundoubtedlycontributetoEnglishstudy.

14.roundthecorner替換comingsoon/nearby

①Thesummervacationisroundthecorner(coming).Doyouhaveanyplans?

②LiMingstudiesinaschoolroundthecorner(nearby).15.conictolight替換discover

Thefamilyweresopleasedwhentheydiscoveredthelostjewels.—>

Thefamilyweresopleasedwhenthelostjewelscametolight.

16.haveaball替換haveagoodtime/enjoyoneself

Aftervisitingtheworkshop,wewentbacktoschool.Everyoneofushadaball(hadagoodtime).

17.comeupwith替換thinkof

Jackisveryclever.Heoftencomesupwith(thinksof)newideas.

18.seiaside替換save

Somestudentsthinkthattheyshouldsetasidesomeoftheirpocketmoneyforbooks.

19.beof+n.替換adj.

Theproductsarcofhighquality(verygood)andarcsoldeverywhereinChina.

20.referto替換talkabout/of,mention

Theprofessoryoureferredto(talkedabout)isveryfamous.

21.cannotbut/cannothelpbut替換havetodo

Icouldnotbut(hadto)gohome.

22.moreoften(hannot替換usually

Moreoftenthannot(Usually),themeaningofmanywordscanbeeasilyguessed.

23.lest替換sothat/inorderthat

IwrotedownhistelephonenumbersothatIwouldnotforgetit.—*

IwrotedownhistelephonenumberlestI(should)forgetit.

24.belongforsth./belongtodosth.替換wanttodosth./wishfor

Iwanttoseeyouverymuch.—?Iamlongtoseeyou.

25.becaughtupin/becrazyabout/beabsorbedin/beaddictedto替換beinterestedin

Heiscaughtupin(veryinterestedin)collectingstamps.26.morethan替換very

①I'mverygladtolearnthatyouarccoininginSeptember.—>

ImmorethangladtolearnthatyouarccominginSeptember.(NMET2003)

②IfthereisanythingIcandofbryou,Iwouldbemorethangladtohelp.

27.perfect(ly)替換good/verywell

Hespeaksperfect(good)English./HespeaksEnglishperfectly(verywell).

28.dosba/thefavor替換help

Wouldyoupleasedomethefavor(helpme)to(urndowntheradio?

29.theotherday替換afewdaysago

TheotherdaymybrotherandIwenttothecinemabybicycle.(NMET1997)

30.inthecourseof替換during

Inthecourseof(During)themountain-climbing,pleasehelpeachotherandpayspecialattentiontoyoursafety.

31.themajorityof替換most

Themajorityof(Mostof)theintervieweespreferwatchingTVathometogoingtothecinema.

32.consistof替換bemadeupof

Ourclassconsistsof(ismadeupof)50students.

33.bewornout替換betired/broken

①Afterfivehours'non-stopwork,wewereallwornout(tired).

②Myshoesarewornout(broken).Pleasebuymeanewpair.

二、高級句型結(jié)構(gòu)選用

?It句型

(1)Ilwillbe+sometime+before,,

③Onlyinthiswaycanhegrowtobeausefulman.（2002上海卷）

④Mayallyourdreamscometrue!Mayourfriendshiplasttilltheendoftheuniverse.!（2007年湖南卷）

?被動語態(tài)

①Opinionsarcdividedonthequestion.（NMET2002）

②Allclassesaretaughtbyteacherswithrichexperienceinleachingforeignstudents.（2（X）4全國卷IV）

③Newfactories,housesandroadshavebeenbuilt.（2004江蘇卷）

?巧妙的改寫

（I）Only改成noonebut

OnlyTompassedtheexamlastweek.—>NoonebutTompassedtheexam.

（2）assoonas,，改成Nosooner?than?/Hardly?when,/Inimediately?/Themoment

Nosoonerhadwearrivedatthecinemathanthefilmstarted.

（3）havesb/sthdo/donc

Thegirlwasknockedoffherbicycleandhadherlegbroken（herlegwasbroken.）.

（4）變換插入語的位置

①However,theysuggestfeesshouldbechargedlow.—>Theysuggest,however,feesshouldbechargedlow.

②Ithinkthisisagoodchanceforyoutoshowyoursingingtalent,andhowwellyou'velearnedChinese.—>

Thisisagoodchanceforyou.Ithink,toshowyoursingingtalent,andhowwellyou'velearnedChinese.

（5）用同位語代替非限制性定語從句

Meimei,whoissevenyearsold,hasbeenlearningtorideabicyclefbrseveraldays.—>

Meimei,agirlofthirteen,hasbeenlearningtorideabicycleforseveraldays.

Shakespeare,asonfromapoorfamily,amanoflittleeducation,wroteplaysandpoemsthatarereadallovertheworld.

?其它

（1）注重句子的開頭

①用with復合結(jié)構(gòu)開頭

Withthesunsettinginthewest,wehadlowavegoodbyetotheworkers.

Withhishelp,we'velearnedhowtoanalyzeandsettleproblems.（2006年湖南卷）

Withthefunctionsofinserting,deleting,movingandcopying,itenablesustoedittest,browsewebpageanddownload

whatwewant.（2009年江蘇卷）

②用非謂語動詞形式開頭

i）InordertoimproveourEnglish,ourschoolheldanEnglishcontest.

ii）Walkingtowardsthecinema,hemetaforeigner.

（2）長短句交錯使用（注意：應突出主題句：長句子并非越長越好）

三、觀點陳述高級句型示例

（一）批駁句型

1.Itistruethatbutonevitalpointisbeingleftout.

2.Thereisagrainoftruthinthesestatements,buttheyignoreamoreimportantfact.

3.Somepeoplesaybutitdocsnotholdwater.

4.Manyofushavebeenundertheillusionthat...

5.Acloseexaminationwouldrevealhowridiculousthestatementis.

6.Itirakesnosensetoarguefbr...

7.Toomuchstressplacedon...mayleadto...

8.Suchastatementmainlyrestsontheassumptionthat...

9.Contrarytowhatiswidelyaccepted,Imaintainthat...

（二）比較句型

I.Theadvantagefaroutweighthedisadvantages.

2.TheadvantagesofAarcmuchgreaterthanthoseofB.

3.Arr.aybepreferabletoB,butAsuffersfromthedisadvantagesthat...

4.Itisreasonabletomaintainthat...butitwouldbefoolishtoclaimthat...

5.Forallthedisadvantages,ithasitscompensatingadvantages.

6.Likeanythingelse,ithasitsfaults.

7.AandBhasseveralpointsincommon.

8.AbearssomeresemblancestoB.

9.However,thesameisnotapplicabletoB.

10.AandBdifferinseveralways.

11.Evidently,ithasbothnegativeandpositiveeffects.

12.Peopleusedtothinkbutthingsarcdifferentnow.

13.ThesameistrueofB.

14.WonderingasAis,ithasitsdrawbacks.

15.ItistruethatA,butthechieffaults（obviousdefects）are...

（三）表示“數(shù)據(jù)”的常用句型

1.hadthelargestpercentage/proportionof...

2.account(s)fbr/take(s)up10%...

3.ComparedwithA.Bhasahigherpercentage.

4.Onthetopofthelistof...,whichaccountsfor60%.

5.Atthebottomis...,whichtakesup20%.

6.AissecondtoB.

7.Aisrankcd/ratcdfirst,followedbyBat30%andCat25%.

(四)表示“說明”的常用句型

1.Aswecanseefromthechart/graph/table/diagram...

2.Thechart'graph/table/diagramshows/displaysthat...

3.As/Canbeshowin/Accordingtothechart/graph/Uble/diagram...

4.Theflgures/statisticsinthechartreflect/show/reveal(that)...

5.Thechart/graph/table/diagramillustrates/describes...

6.Itisclear/apparent/fromthechart/graph/table/diagram...

(五)提出解決方案的常用句型

I.Thefirstkeyfactortosolvethisproblem...Anotherkeyfactoris...

2.Peoplehavefoundmanysolution/approachestodealingwiththisproblem.

3.Thenhowshouldwesolvethisproblem?Herearesomesuggestionwhichmaybesomeofhelp.

4.Facedwith...weshouldtakeaseriesofeffectivemeasurestocopewiththesituation.

5.Itishightime...Hereareafewexamplesthatmightbetakenimmediately.

6.Weneeditlakeafresh/dear/lookat(hismatter/situationinanewperspective/fromawinderstandpoint.Otherwise,we

won'tcomeanywherenearsolvingit.

7.Itisessential/indispcnsable/thatproperaction/effectivemeasuresshouldbetakentoreversethissituation/trend.

8.Noeffective/simplesolutioncanbeathand/tackletheproblemof...Butthegeneralfirststepintherightdirection.

(六)分析原因常用句型

1.Thereasonscanbelistedasfollows.Foronething...Foranother...

2.Whathascontributedtothisproblem?Inthefirstplace...Inthesecondplace...

3.Perhapsthemain/primary/mostimportantreasonis...

4.Itisnoeasytoidentifythereasonfor...whichinvolveseveralcomplicatedfactors.

5.Anumberoffactorscouldaccountfbr/lcadto/contributcto/rcsultin/bcconductiveto...

6.Onemaytrace/attributethisproblemto...

7.Thisproblemmayresultfrom/largelydueto/stemfromacombinationoffactors.

8.Theexplanationforthisphenomenoninvolvesmanycomplexreasons...

9.Thereareavarietyofreasonsforthisphenomenon.

10.Therearethreereasonsfbrthis.

(七)表示“說明”的常用句型

1.Aswccanseefromthechar^graph/tablc/diagrain...

2.Thechart/graph/tablc/diagramshows/displaysthat...

3.As/Canbeshowin/Accordingtothechart/graph/table/diagram...

4.Thefigures/statisticsinthechartreflect/show/reveal(that)...

5.Thechart/graph/table/diagramillustrates/describes...

6.Itisclear/apparent/fromthechart/graph/table/diagram...

【檢測訓練】

I.假定你是李華，你班的交換生Mike因在“用英語講中國故事”比賽中表現(xiàn)欠佳而心情低落。請你給他寫一封電

子郵件，內(nèi)容包括：

1.進行安慰；

2.寫作提示原因；

3.提出建議。

注意：

1.詞數(shù)100左右；

2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

【參考范文】

DearMike,

I'msorrytohearthatyoudidn'tperformwellinthecontestof"TellingChineseStoriesinEnglish"andthatyou're

feelingdown.Actually,asaforeigner,you'vetriedyourbest.

Anyhow,youshouldn'tloseheart.Instead,youshouldanalyzethecauseofyourfailure.AsIcansee,youweren't

wellpreparedforitasyoudidn'tunderstand(hestorywellandlackedpracticeinstorytelling.

IthinkyoushouldspendmoretimereadingmoreChinesestoriesandpractisetellingChinesestorieswithmeor

yourotherChinesefriends.I'msureyouwillmakegreatprogress.

Bestwishes!

Yours,

LiHua

2.假定你是李華，前天是Anne的生日，但你忘了赴約。請根據(jù)以下內(nèi)容向Anne寫一封道歉信。內(nèi)容包括：

1.說明原因；

2.表達歉意；

3.補救的辦法。

注意：

1.詞數(shù)100左右；

2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫：

3.信中不能出現(xiàn)與本人相關的真實信息。

【參考范文】

DearAnne.

IamsorrytosaythatIdidn,tattendyourbirthdaypartythedaybeforeyesterday.SoI'mwritingtomakean

apology.

Itwasveryniceofyoutoinvitemetoyourbirthdayparty.Butasuddenstomachachestruckmygrandmother.So

worriedwasIthatItookhertothenearesthospitalwithoutdelay.Becausemyparentsbothwentonbusiness,Ihadto

lookafterheronmyown.TherewasnodoubtthatIforgottheappointment.Ihopeyoucanunderstandmysituationand

forgiveme.Isiipossibleforus(ohaveaprivatemeetingnexiSaturday?Lookingforward(oyourearlyreply!

Dcstwishes!

Yourssincerely,

LiHua

3.學校英語報社向?qū)W生征文，主題是“Greatchangesinrecentyears”。請根據(jù)下列要點完成短文。

1.工作方面的變化；

2.生活方面的變化；

3.你的感想。

注意：

1.詞數(shù)100左右；

2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫；

3.開頭語已為你寫好，不計入總詞數(shù)。

Withtherapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmanyfieldsinrecent

years.

【參考范文】

Withtherapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmanyfieldsinrecent

years.

Aboveall,whatimpressesmemostisthatwecangetajobmoreeasilythaneverbefore.Mostofthehardworkcan

bedonebymachinesorthroughcomputersinanefficientway.

Whenitcomestoourlife,thereisnodoubtthatweallfeelveryhappy.Notonlycanwegelthebasicnecessities,

butalsowehavemoreaccesstoentertainment.Forexample,afterabusyweekwecangotothenearesttourist

attractionswithourfamilytoenjoyourselves.

Allinall,wearelivinginaharmoniousandprosperouscountry.Onlybyunitingtogetherwillwehaveahappier

future

4.假定你是李華，美國朋友Linda想來你所在的城市學習中國古典舞蹈，來信向你咨詢相關信息，請你給她回

信，內(nèi)容包括：

I.寫信目的；

2.推薦舞蹈教師;

3.表達希望。

注意、：

1.詞數(shù)100左右;

2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

【參考范文】

DearLinda,

I'mhappytohearthatyouwillcometomycitynextmonthandexpressmywarmestwelcometoyou.

BecauseyouarefondofChineseclassicaldanceandreallywanttolearnit.IrecommendLilytoyou.Having

majoredinChineseclassicaldanceinuniversityanddevotedtoilforages,Lilybecomesoneof(hebestclassicaldance

teachersinmycity.Besides,sheiseasy-goingandwarm-heartedaswell,withwhoseinstruction,Idobelieveyouwill

makeprogresssoon.

Isincerelyhopemyrecommendationishelpfultoyou,Iamlookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.

Yours,

LiHua

5.假定你是李華，作為校英文報的記者，你打算與外教Denny預約一次采訪。請你給他寫封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：

I.采訪時間：周一下午2點整；2.采訪地點：外教辦公室；

3.采訪內(nèi)容：如何提高英語閱讀和寫作能力。

注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；開頭結(jié)尾己給，不算在總字數(shù)之內(nèi)。2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

DearTerry.

Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.

Yours,

LiHua

【參考范文】

DearDenny,

I'mLiHua,areporterfromourschoolEnglishnewspaper.I'mwritingtoaskwhetheryoucanmeetmefbran

interview（wothisMondayafternooninyouroffice.

Improvingreadingandwritingabilityisveryimportanttousstudents.Someofushavegreattroublereading

Englishmaterials,especiallyfamousoriginalworks.What'sworse,moststudentscannotexpressthemselvesinproper

writtenEnglish.Youknowalargepartofourexamconsistsofreadingandwriting,whereweeasilylosemarks.We

needsomeadviceonhowtoimproveourreadingandwritingability.Tdappreciateitifyoucouldsparesometimeand

giveussomeadvice.

Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.

Yours,

LiHua

6.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所洽段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。

Sigridfinishedmilkingthecowandsteppedoutofthebarnintothecoldair.Itwasalmostsummer,buticebergs

stillfilledthenarrowsea.Shesetthebucketdown,onlytofindthatthemilkreachedmerelyhalfwaytothetop.Ifwe

don'tgetmorefoodsoon,shethoughtanxiously,wewillhavetoeatthecow.Andthenwhatwillwedo?

GrandfatherusedtotellherthatwhentheirNorseancestorsfirstcametoGreenland,thefieldswererichwithgrass.

Butinrecentyears,theclimatehasbeengettingcolderandthesummersshorter.Whenhergrandfatherwasalittleboy,

therewereasmanyasfifteencowsinthefamily'sbarn.Nowthereisjustone.Andthefamilyhasbarelyenoughhayto

feedi（.

Agustofwindsendingachilldownherspine,Sigridstuffedherhandsintothepocketstowarmthem.Herfingers

felthermostprizedpossession,apieceofredclothshe'dhadsinceshewasasmallgirl.Shetooktheclothoutofher

pocketandletitunfold.1（wasbarelylongerthanherarm.Butitsbrilliantcolourwasbrightagainstthestark（荒涼的）

landscape.Theclothhadoncebeenpartofadress—inhappier,moreprosperoustimes.Nobodydresseslikethat

anymore.

Withice-filledseas,shipsnolongerarrivewithfoodsandgoodstotrade.Allofasudden,movementonthewater

caughtSigrid'seye.Alightboatmovedsilentlybetweentheicebergs.AnInukboy,aboutSigrid'sage,waslookingher

way,staringattheredclothfluttering（飄動）inthebreeze.Ahuntingweaponwastiedtothefrontofhisboat.And

draggingbehinditwasalargefish.SigridknewtherehadbeenfightsbetweentheInuitandtheNorse.Duttheboyhada

kindfaceanddidnotreachforhisweaaon.

注意：

1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應為150左右；

2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。

Shecouldn'thelpbutwonderwhattodo.

Theboyputtheclothintohispocketandreturnedtohisboat.

【參考范文】

Shecouldn'thelpbutwonderwhattodo.Whenshewaswonderingiftherewouldbeanotherfightbetween

them,shefoundtheboywaskindanddidn'tmeantohurther.Sigridwasdesperatetogetthelargefishbecauseoflacking

food.Theboywasstaringattheredcloth.Agoodideaoccurredtoher,maybeshecoukitrytoexchangethepreciouscloth

withhisfish.Shesummonedupthecouragetoasktheboynervously“Wouldyouliketogetthebrilliantcloth?Itbelongs

toyouonconditionthatyousharethefishwithme.”

Theboypultheclothintohispocketandreturnedtohisboat.Hereleasedthefishandheldittothegirl.Thegirl

thankedhimjoyfully.Hcwaswillingiomakethedealinthatheknewitwashardforthemtogettliroughtherough

timcs.Althoughtherewasfightsbetweentheirpcople.thcboywaseagertopatchup.Anditwasagoodopportunitytodo

themafavor.SeeingtherelievedexpressiononSigrid'sface,theboyknewhemadeit.

【寫作提示】

本文以人物為線索展開，講述了雖然快到夏天，但是格陵蘭島空氣寒冷，海面上仍然布滿了冰山。西格麗德擠完

了牛奶，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)牛奶只夠到桶頂?shù)囊话?。如果我們不能很快得到更多的食物，她焦慮地想，我們將不得不吃掉這

頭牛。然后不知道一家將如何生存?突然，一因紐特男孩劃船出現(xiàn)，他的船頭綁著一件獵槍。它后面拖著一條大

魚。西格麗德用珍貴的紅布和男孩換來了食物。

7.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所洽段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。續(xù)寫的詞數(shù)應為15()左

右。

Awaterbearerhadtwolargepots,eachhungoneachendofapolewhichhecarriedacrosshisneck.Oneofthe

potshadacrackinit,andwhiletheotherpotwasperfectandalwaysdeliveredafullportionofwaterattheendofthe

longwalkfromthestreamtothemaster'shouse,thecrackedpotarrivedonlyhalffull.

Forafulltwoyears,thiswentondaily,withthebearerdeliveringonlyoneandahalfpotsfullofwaterinhis

master'shouse.Ofcourse,theperfectpotwasproudofitsaccomplishments,perfecttotheendforwhichitwasmade.

Butthepoorcrackedpotwasashamedofitsownimperfectionandmiserablethatitwasabletoaccomplishonlyhalfof

whatithadbeenmadetodo.

Aftertwoyearsofwhatitperceivedtobeabitterfailure,itspoketothewaterbeareronedaybythestream."Iam

ashamedofmyself,andIwanttoapologizetoyou".Thebearerasked,"Why?Whatareyouashamedof?"Thepot

replied,"ForthesepasttwoyearsIamabletodeliveronlyhalfofmyloadbecause(hiscrackinmysidecauseswaterto

leakoutallthewaybacktoyourmaster'shouse.Becauseofmyflaws,youdon'tgetfullvalueforyourefforts".

Thewaterbearerfeltsorryfortheoldcrackedpot,andinhiscompassion,hesaid,"Aswereturntothemaster's

house,Iwantyoutonoticethebeautifulflowersalongthepath."Astheywentupthehill,theoldcrackedpottooknotice

ofthesunwarmingthebeautifulwildflowersonthesideofthepath,andthischeereditsomewhat.Butattheendofthe

trail,itstillfeltbadbecauseithadleakedouthalfitsload,andsoagainitapologizedtothebearerforitsfailure.

Paragraph1:

“Didyounoticethattherewereflowersonlyonyoursideofyourpath,butnotontheotherpot'sside?"Thebearer

saidto(hepot.

Paragraph2:

We'reallcrackedpotsandeachofushasourownuniqueflaws.

【參考范文】

Para1:"Didyounoticethattherewereflowersonlyonyoursideofyourpath、butnotontheotherpot'sside?”The

bearersaidtothepot."That'sbecauseIhavealwaysknownaboutyourflaws,andItookadvantageofit.Iplantedflower

seedsonyoursideofthepath,andeverydaywhilewewalkbackfromthestream,you'vewateredthem.FortwoyearsI

havebeenabletopickthesebeaulifulHowerstodecoratemytableandgracemyhouse."Thesewords,likeawann

current,flowedintotheoldcrackedpoi'sguiltyheartandforcedittoreflectonitstruevalue.

Para2:We'reallcrackedpotsandeachofushasourownuniqueflaws.Inthisworld,nothinggoestowaste.

Nothingisgoingtodenyyouexceptyourself.Don'tbeafraidofyourflaws,acknowledgethem,andtakeadvantageof

them,andyoucanbethecauseofbeauty.Youmaythinkthatyouarcinefficientoruselessincertainareasofyourlife

justlikethecrackedpot,butsomehowtheflawswehavecan(urnouttcbeablessingindisguise(因禍得福).Atthe

thoughtofthis,theoldcrackedpotwidenedashiningsmileasifconvincedtoundertakeits“newdualtasks''willingly.

【寫作提示】

本文以人物為線索展開，