專題07定語從句目錄學(xué)考要求速覽必備知識梳理目錄學(xué)考要求速覽必備知識梳理高頻考點精講定語從句的類型定語從句的用法定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞進階分級練必備知識梳理 1點二：集合間的基本關(guān)系 4考點四：充分條件與必要條件 6考點五：全稱量詞與存在量詞 7實戰(zhàn)能力訓(xùn)練 定語從句作為高考英語語法的核心考點，其考查覆蓋多題型且權(quán)重顯著，是衡量考生語法應(yīng)用能力的關(guān)鍵指標(biāo)。從考查范圍來看，它貫穿語法填空、短文改錯、完形填空及閱讀理解四大題型，占語法類試題的15%20%，既涉及基礎(chǔ)的引導(dǎo)詞選擇，也包含從句成分分析與特殊結(jié)構(gòu)識別等綜合能力的檢測。掌握這一語法點不僅直接影響語法題得分，更能助力閱讀理解中的長句拆解與書面表達中的句式豐富，是提升語言綜合運用能力的重要基礎(chǔ)。高考對定語從句的考查呈現(xiàn)出“基礎(chǔ)為主、難點突出”的鮮明特征，核心聚焦于引導(dǎo)詞的精準運用與特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的辨析?；A(chǔ)題（約占70%）重點考查關(guān)系代詞（that/which/who/whom/whose）和關(guān)系副詞（when/where/why）的基本用法，尤其以which/that/where的辨析頻率最高，10年間分別考查58次和32次。難點則集中在非限制性定語從句（10年45考）、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)（10年15考）及as的特殊用法，需考生精準區(qū)分關(guān)系詞功能、識別從句與主句的邏輯關(guān)系。從考查邏輯與備考導(dǎo)向來看，高考定語從句始終圍繞“成分分析”核心，強調(diào)語法規(guī)則與語境應(yīng)用的結(jié)合。命題通過設(shè)置不同先行詞（人/物/時間/地點/整句）和從句結(jié)構(gòu)，檢驗考生“找先行詞→析成分→選引導(dǎo)詞”的三步解題能力。同時，考綱明確要求考生將定語從句與其他從句（名詞性從句、狀語從句）區(qū)分，并能在書面表達中靈活運用以豐富句式，這一能力導(dǎo)向貫穿整個考查體系。定語從句是高考英語語法的核心考點之一，主要用于修飾主句中的名詞或代詞（即先行詞），分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句兩類。掌握關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞的用法及特殊規(guī)則，是應(yīng)對高考真題的關(guān)鍵。一、定語從句的基本概念1.核心構(gòu)成基本結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞（被修飾的名詞/代詞）+關(guān)系詞（連接主句與從句，在從句中充當(dāng)成分）+從句主體關(guān)系詞分為兩類：關(guān)系代詞（who,whom,whose,which,that,as）和關(guān)系副詞（when,where,why）關(guān)系詞的作用：①指代先行詞；②在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語或狀語；③連接主句與從句。2.兩類定語從句的區(qū)別類型功能標(biāo)點符號例句限制性定語從句修飾先行詞，不可或缺，去掉后主句意思不完整無逗號ThisisthebookthatIboughtyesterday.（這是我昨天買的那本書。）非限制性定語從句補充說明先行詞，去掉后主句意思仍完整有逗號Beijing,whichisthecapitalofChina,isabeautifulcity.（北京，中國的首都，是一座美麗的城市。）二、關(guān)系代詞的用法關(guān)系代詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語或定語，需根據(jù)先行詞的“人/物屬性”及“在從句中的成分”選擇。1.who/whom（先行詞指人）who：在從句中作主語或賓語（作賓語時可省略，但介詞后不能?。├?：Thegirlwhoisstandingthereismysister.（站在那兒的女孩是我妹妹。）→作主語，不可省略例句2：TheteacherwhoyoumetyesterdaywillteachusEnglish.（你昨天見到的那位老師會教我們英語。）→作賓語，可省略例句3：Thisisthestudentwithwhomtheteachertalkedjustnow.（這就是剛才老師和他談話的那個學(xué)生。）→介詞后用whom，不可省略whom：僅作賓語（可省略，介詞后必須用whom），高考中常與who的用法辨析結(jié)合考查。2.which（先行詞指物）：在從句中作主語或賓語（作賓語時可省略，介詞后必須用which）例句1：Thepenwhichliesonthedeskismine.（放在桌子上的那支筆是我的。）→作主語，不可省略例句2：Thefilmwhichwewatchedlastnightwasveryinteresting.（我們昨晚看的那部電影很有趣。）→作賓語，可省略例句3：Thisisthefactoryinwhichmyfatherworks.（這就是我爸爸工作的那家工廠。）→介詞后用which，不可省略3.that（先行詞指人或物）：在從句中作主語或賓語（作賓語時可省略），但不能用于非限制性定語從句，也不能用于介詞后。指人時：可與who/whom互換（作主語用who/that，作賓語用whom/that）例句：Theboythat/whohelpedmeismyclassmate.（幫我的那個男孩是我的同學(xué)。）→指人，作主語指物時：可與which互換（作主語/賓語均可）例句：Thebookthat/whichIborrowedfromthelibraryislost.（我從圖書館借的那本書丟了。）→指物，作賓語【必記】只能用that的5種情況先行詞被序數(shù)詞（first,second）或形容詞最高級（best,most）修飾時例句：ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavebeentoBeijing.（這是我第一次去北京。）先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修飾時例句：Heistheonlystudentthatpassedtheexam.（他是唯一通過考試的學(xué)生。）先行詞既有人又有物時例句：Wetalkedaboutthepeopleandplacesthatwevisitedlastyear.（我們談?wù)摿巳ツ臧菰L的人和地方。）先行詞是不定代詞（all,something,nothing,anything,everything等）時例句：Thereisnothingthatcanstophim.（沒有什么能阻止他。）主句以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句時例句：Whoisthemanthatistalkingtoourteacher?（正在和我們老師說話的那個男人是誰？）4.whose（先行詞指人或物，表“所屬關(guān)系”）：在從句中作定語，意為“……的”，后接名詞，不可省略。指人：whose=the+名詞+ofwhom例句：Thegirlwhosehairisblackismycousin.（頭發(fā)是黑色的那個女孩是我表妹。）=Thegirlthehairofwhomisblackismycousin.指物：whose=the+名詞+ofwhich例句：Thisisthehousewhosewindowsfacesouth.（這是一棟窗戶朝南的房子。）=Thisisthehousethewindowsofwhichfacesouth.5.as（先行詞指人或物，常用于固定結(jié)構(gòu)）用于非限制性定語從句，指代整個主句內(nèi)容，意為“正如……”，可位于句首、句中或句末例句1：Asweallknow,theearthisround.（眾所周知，地球是圓的。）→句首例句2：Heisverykind,aseveryonesays.（正如大家所說，他很善良。）→句末such...assuch...as（像……這樣的）、thesame...as（和……一樣的）例句1：ThisissuchabeautifulcityasIhaveeverseen.（這是我見過的最美麗的城市之一。）→as作賓語例句2：Iboughtthesamepenasyours.（我買了一支和你一樣的筆。）→as作賓語【注意】as與which的區(qū)別（高考易錯點）as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，可譯為“正如”，從句可位于句首；which不可位于句首，常譯為“這/那”例句1：Asisreported,theprojectwillbepletednextyear.（正如報道的那樣，這個項目將于明年完工。）→句首用as例句2：Hepassedtheexam,whichmadehisparentshappy.（他通過了考試，這讓他的父母很高興。）→句中用which三、關(guān)系副詞的用法關(guān)系副詞在從句中充當(dāng)狀語，分別對應(yīng)“時間、地點、原因”，可轉(zhuǎn)化為“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。1.when（先行詞指時間，在從句中作時間狀語）=介詞（in/on/at等）+which例句1：IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.（我還記得第一次來這所學(xué)校的那一天。）=IstillrememberthedayonwhichIfirstcametothisschool.例句2：Therearetimeswhenwefeellonely.（有時候我們會感到孤獨。）=Therearetimesatwhichwefeellonely.2.where（先行詞指地點，在從句中作地點狀語）=介詞（in/at/on等）+which例句1：ThisistheschoolwhereIstudied10yearsago.（這是我10年前就讀的學(xué)校。）=ThisistheschoolinwhichIstudied10yearsago.例句2：Ican’tfindtheshopwhereIboughtthisbook.（我找不到買這本書的那家商店了。）=Ican’tfindtheshopinwhichIboughtthisbook.【注意】where的特殊先行詞（易忽略）先行詞不是具體地點，而是“抽象地點”（如case,situation,point,condition等）時，也用where引導(dǎo)例句：Weareinasituationwherewehavetomakeadecisionimmediately.（我們處于必須立即做決定的局面。）3.why（先行詞只能是reason，在從句中作原因狀語）=forwhich（不可用that代替，且why在從句中不可省略）例句1：Couldyoutellmethereasonwhyyouwerelate?（你能告訴我你遲到的原因嗎？）=Couldyoutellmethereasonforwhichyouwerelate?例句2：Thereasonwhyherefusedtheofferisstillunknown.（他拒絕這個提議的原因仍然不清楚。）四、易錯點總結(jié)1.關(guān)系詞的省略問題作主語的關(guān)系詞（who,which,that,as）不可省略；作賓語的關(guān)系詞（whom,which,that）可省略；關(guān)系副詞（when,where,why）不可省略。2.介詞+關(guān)系代詞的搭配介詞的選擇取決于先行詞的搭配（如thekeyto...用towhich）或從句中動詞的搭配（如talkabout...用aboutwhich）例句：Thisisthekeytowhichyoucanopenthedoor.（這是你能打開這扇門的鑰匙。）→先行詞key與to搭配3.非限制性定語從句的“逗號”逗號是區(qū)分限制性和非限制性的關(guān)鍵，且非限制性定語從句中不能用that和why，指人用who/whom，指物用which?？键c精講講練1．Thepoliceareinvestigatingthepany,threeof________managershavealreadybeenarrested.A．that B．whose C．which D．where【答案】B【解析】考查定語從句。句意：警方正在對這家公司進行調(diào)查，該公司有三名管理人員已被逮捕?？仗幰龑?dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞pany，在從句中作定語，修飾名詞managers，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞whose。故選B。2．Mytwoadorablebrothers,bothof________displaypassionforicbooks,areoccupied________doinghomework.A．that;with B．who;on C．them,for D．whom,in【答案】D【解析】考查定語從句和固定短語。句意：我那兩個可愛的弟弟，兩人都對漫畫書充滿熱情，此刻正忙著做作業(yè)。第一空引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，代替先行詞brothers在從句中作of的賓語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞whom，構(gòu)成“介詞+whom”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語從句；beoccupiedindoing固定搭配，意為“忙于……”。故選D。3．________difficultataskitmaybe,wemustfinishitontime,becausewecan’tmeetsuchapreciousopportunity________wehaveexpected.A．However;as B．Whatever;that C．However;that D．Whatever;which【答案】A【解析】考查讓步狀語從句和定語從句。句意：無論任務(wù)多么艱巨，我們都必須按時完成，因為我們不能遇到我們所期望的這樣一個寶貴的機會。由difficultataskitmaybe,wemustfinishitontime可知，第一空所在句子表示“無論任務(wù)多么艱巨，我們都必須按時完成”，第一空意為“無論多么”，用however，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，位于句首，首字母大寫；第二空引導(dǎo)的是限制性定語從句，從句中缺少賓語，空前有such，因此用as引導(dǎo)定語從句，such...as...是固定搭配，故選A。1．Weneedtoprotectthemountain______ecologicalsystemhasbeendamagedbyillegalloggingandovertourisminrecentyears.A．where B．that C．which D．whose2．Manyparentswanttheirchildrentoparticipateinvariousactivities________theycanlearnamusicalinstrumentorballetorotherskillsthatwillgivethemaheadstartoverothers.A．where B．what C．which D．when3．Allinall,Imakegooduseofeveryminute_______mygoals._______thepopularsayinggoes,“Everyminutecounts”A．toachieve;Which B．a(chǎn)chieving;ThatC．toachieve;As D．a(chǎn)chieve;As4．Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%________aresoldabroad.A．which B．ofthat C．whichof D．ofwhich5．Therewasn’tanythinginhislengthyexplanation________couldhelptoclearuptheconfusion.A．which B．that C．a(chǎn)ll D．a(chǎn)s6．Thepanyisupgradingitsinternalmanagementsystem________employees’workprogressistrackedtransparentlytoimproveefficiency.A．whose B．onwhich C．towhich D．where7．WutheringHeightsisthenameofMr.Heathcliff’sdwelling,with“Wuthering”beingasignificantprovincialadjective,descriptiveoftheatmospherictumult(混亂)________itsstationisexposedinstormyweather.A．/ B．inwhich C．towhich D．that8．________breakstherulesofthedormitorywillbepunished.A．Anyonewhich B．Thosewho C．Nomatterwho D．Anyonewho9．Iaskedhimtoquitsmoking.Hepromisedfair,butinsuchamanner________weadopttosootheachild.A．that B．how C．where D．a(chǎn)s10．Thisistheonlycafé________we’vetried________offershomemadedessertswithnoaddedsugarA．that;/ B．which;that C．/;that D．where;and訓(xùn)練一、單項選擇1．Antsliveandworktogether.Theindividualanthasitsresponsibilities,________isnecessaryforthemunitytofunction.A．eachofthem B．eachofwhichC．a(chǎn)llofwhich D．a(chǎn)llofthem2．Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from______effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.A．which B．those C．whose D．what3．Therewasatime______peopleweredividedgeographically.A．that B．where C．when D．a(chǎn)s4．Thevillage______westayedlastsummeristhemostbeautifulplace______Ihaveevervisited.A．where;that B．which;where C．where;which D．that;that5．—Ithinkwehavemettheidiombefore.—Yes.Itwasinthereadingmaterial_________wereadyesterday_________wemetit.A．where;when B．that;when C．/;that D．/;/6．Theairqualityintheeasterncities,____isshowninthesereports,_____improvedoverthepasttwomonths.A．that,have B．it,has C．a(chǎn)s,has D．what,have7．Weallbelievethatpeople________interestisexploringtherelationshipbetweenartandsciencewillenjoythisexhibition.A．what B．whose C．who D．which8．Thereareseveralthemes________inCharlotteBronte’snovels,in________theheroinesoftenstruggleagainstsocialconstraints.A．explored;their B．toexplore;whom C．explored;which D．exploring;whose9．DuringtheintensefightinWorldWarI,SurgentPresleyledhisunitthroughcountlessterrifyingingexperiencesandescapeddeathonanumberofoccasions________asplitseconddecisioncouldhavemeantlifeordeath.A．when B．where C．which D．that10．Youwilleventuallyfindfriendsinyournewtown_______canhelpyoufitin.A．who B．which C．where D．whom11．Noamountoftoyscanmakeupfortheloveandattention____________everychildneeds.A．what B．that C．where D．whether12．Theman________youaregoingtomakefriendsismyfather’sneighbour.A．withwhom B．when C．towhom D．which13．Theorganization,______missionistoprovideaidtounderprivilegedchildren,isbelievedtohavemadeasubstantialimpactonthelivesofthousandsofyoungpeoplethroughitsvariousprograms.A．where B．that C．which D．whose14．Ishallneverforgetthedays________IspentinBeijingUniversity,________hasagreateffectonmylife.A．that;which B．when;which C．when;that D．that;that15．Finningisatypeoffishing_____sharksarecaughtandtheirfinscutoff.A．which B．a(chǎn)s C．whose D．where16．Iwasnearlyasexcitedaboutthesnowthismorningasthechildren,______Ifoundalllookingthroughthewindowatthemagicoutside.A．that B．when C．which D．whom17．Itwasthemoment________shearrivedattheUK________signalledthebeginningofajourneyfilledwithunknownadventuresandunforgettableexperiences.A．/,that B．when,that C．that,when D．when,which18．Theway________hepresentedhisideasinthespeechimpressedallthejudges.A．which B．that C．where D．how19．Theengineer________myfatherworksisabout50yearsold.A．towhom B．onwhich C．withwhich D．withwhom20．Thisisthebestfilm________inrecentyears,winningnumerousawardsatinternationalfilmfestivals.A．whichthestudiohasreleased B．thestudiohasreleasedC．thatthestudiohasreleasedit D．wherethestudiohasreleased21．—Whatdoyouthinkofhistory,Tom?—Ifinditinspiringandeyeopening.Itisasubject______youcanunderstandthedevelopmentofsocietiesandthelessonsfromthepast.A．which B．when C．where D．that22．Regulationsoftenmeetresistanceintherigidsystem,______bossyemployersmaybechallengedbyemployees.A．which B．where C．whose D．that23．Atourbus,______bodyhugeflowerswerepainted,appearedinTianjinduringtheBegoniaFestival.A．ofwhich B．a(chǎn)crosswhoseC．a(chǎn)crosswhich D．ofwhose24．Althoughmoderntechnologycouldhelpproducemorecrops,theseterracesstillmeanalottolocalpeople________traditionsholdmuchvalue.A．onwhich B．withwhom C．inwhich D．forwhom25．Thebrainputerinterfacetechnology,______developmentisfundedbythegovernment,hasenteredclinicaltrials.A．which B．whose C．when D．where26．5Gmercialservicehasopenedanewdigitalage,________notonlytechnologybutalsopeople’sworkcapacityandlifestylewillbeupgraded.A．a(chǎn)s B．where C．when D．which27．Theteacherdesignedspecialexercises_______students’weakpoints,whicharetheareas_______moststudentsneedimprovement.A．todealwith;that B．todealwith;whereC．dealingwith;what D．dealingwith;when28．Wasitthereason_______hegaveatthemeeting_______madeeveryonepresentdissatisfied?A．that;what B．which;asC．why;that D．that;that29．Severalguestlecturesarescheduledthissemester,______thetalkonclimateinnovationbyDr.Chenisthemostanticipated.A．withwhich B．a(chǎn)mongwhich C．ofwhich D．bywhich30．Iwanttoputthephoto______IcanseeiteverydaybecauseitcanremindmeofthehappydaysIspentinTianjinNo.47highschool.A．where;which B．where;when C．inwhich;which D．inwhich;when二、語法填空1閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。APu,acartoonimageofayoungmalepandawholovesplayingtabletennis,31(bee)theofficialglobalrepresentativeofChina’sgiantpandassincethepetition’sorganizersannouncedlastWednesday.APuwearsaredTshirt32whichanimageofhisfavoritefood—bambooshoot—canbeseen.TheeyesofAPuareheartshaped,suggestingemotionsofloveandcaring.TheimageofAPu33(select)frommorethan2.023worksfrom22countries,wontheChinaGiantPandaGlobalImageDesignpetition.TheimageofAPuwillbe34(wide)promotedastheofficialimageofChina’sgiantpandasandwillbeabridge35(connect)Chinawiththerestoftheworld,theorganizerssaid.“APu36(give)theidentityofayoungmalepandawhowillsoonbe37freshmanincollegeandlovesplayingtabletennis.”accordingtotheleaddesigneroftheteamcreatingAPu.TheimagerepresentsthenewgenerationofChinese38(youth)whoaremoreconnectedtotheinternationalmunity,39alsoshowstheircharacteristics—energetic,positive,40(confidence),andwillingtoshare.2閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。November11,knownas“SinglesDay”,hasgrownintoChina’sandpossiblytheworld’s41(busy)onlineshoppingday.SinglesDay42(create)byChinesecollegestudentsinthe1990sas43versionofValentine’sDayforpeoplewithoutromanticpartners.Onthatday,unattachedyoungpeoplewouldtreateachothertodinnerorgivegiftstochasethatspecialsomeone44(end)theirsinglestatus.Thatgiftgivinghelpedtoturn45intoamajorshoppingeventassellerssawamarketingopportunityandlaunchedSinglesDaysales.ItisChina’s46(respond)toCyberMondayintheUS,thedayafterThanksgivingweekend,

47onlineshoppingforChristmasbegins.Lastyear,48sman)onTaobaoandTmalltookinabout$3billiononSinglesDay.Thisfigureexceededthetotalof$1.25billionthatU.S.onlinebusinessearnedonCyberMonday,49(make)SinglesDaythebiggeste-mercesalesdayonrecord.Chinahasthebiggestpopulationofonlineusersintheworld,50about538millionpeopleonline.Now,itfollowstheU.S.andJapaninonlinespendingandisforecastedtorisetofirstplaceasearlyasthisyear.3閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(一個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。WhenIwasakid,onedayIfoundalittlesheepdogonmywayhomefromschool.Theownerwasthegrandmotherofmyfriend,51toldmethattheyweregivingthedogaway,andIcouldhaveher52Iwantedher.Well,needlesstosay,Iw