重難點12閱讀理解之應用文

中考閱讀理解題主要考查學生的語篇閱讀能力、分析和判斷能力。要求學生能較快地通過閱讀理解短

文大意，獲取其中的主要信息，能做出正確判斷，然后根據(jù)試題的要求從A,B,C,D四個選項中選出最佳答

案或做出正誤判斷。文章的難易程度和初三課文基本相同，要求閱讀速度為每分鐘4050個詞。

解答廣告圖表類題，要仔細閱讀表格中的內(nèi)容，表格類閱讀材料一般都直觀地表達出所要傳遞的信息。

考生只要能看懂各個項目的意義，即可找出所設問題的答案。這類材料一般不涉及難度太大的題目。縱觀

歷年各省市的中考題可以看出廣告圖表類的文章在閱讀理解中占有相當大的比重，一般四篇閱讀理解中至

少有一篇是廣告圖表類。廣告圖表類的文章屬于應用文的行列。考生在閱讀這類材料時，主要從兩方

面入手：

一是了解圖表的主題，確定圖表的主要內(nèi)容，

二是推敲圖畫上的文字或數(shù)字，找出它們之間的關聯(lián)或試圖表達的含義。

熱點話題

應用文熱衷于廣告、海報類等。

1、（2021?貴州黔西?中考真題）

話題：介紹陽光體育公園難度：★★建議用時：6分

SunshineSportsPark

OpeningHoursClosedDays

Tuesday—Friday09:0020:00EveryMonday

Saturday10:0021:10October17

Sunday10:0019:00January31February7

HowmanycourtsHowmuchBuses

Touseonecourtforone(Youcantakeabusevery30

2volleyballcourtshour,eachgroupneedstopayminutes)

2basketballcourtsVolleyball—120yuanUnderground—>ParkO8:OO5

3badmintoncourtsBasketball—120yuan:00

4tenniscourtsBadminton-80yuanPark—?Underground

Tennis—80yuan10:3016:00

?Wedon'thaveanyballorrackets(球拍).

?Youmustnoteatonthecourts

1.Theopeninghoursof(heSunshineSportsParkonSundayare.

A.10:0021.0()B.9:0020:00C.11:001800D.10:0019:00

2.InSunshineSportParkpeoplecanplay.

A.tennis,basketball,badmintonandvolleyball

B.football,volleyball,basketballandtennis

C.tabletennis,basketball,badmintonandvolleyball

D.badminton,baseball,tennisandbasketball

3.Themeaningoftheunderlinedword_courtsinChineseis________.

A.運動場B.球場C.田徑場D.足球場

4.Iouseabasketballcourttortwohours,thegroupshouldpay________.

A.160yuanB.80yuanC.240yuanD.120yuan

5.Therearealtogether(總共)________bmsesfromParktoUnderground.

A.10B.12C.14D.16

【答案】

1.D2.A3.B4.C5.D

【分析】

本文主要介紹了陽光體育公園的情況，包括開放時間，休息時間，球場信息，價格和公交路線。

1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Sunday10:0019:00”可知,周日的開放時間是10:0019:00。故選D。

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“2volleyballcourts,2basketballcourts,3badmintoncourts,4tenniscourts''可知,在陽光

體育公園可以打排球，籃球，羽毛球和網(wǎng)球。故選A。

3.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“2volleyballcourts,2basketballcourts,3badmintoncourts,4tenniscourts”可知,"courts”

指的是球場。故選B。

4.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Basketball—120yuan”可知，籃球場每小時是120元，2小時是240元。故選C。

5.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“(Youcantakeabusevery30mhiutes)Park-Underground10:3016:00”可知，從公園到地

鐵一共有16趟車。故選D。

2、(2021?貴州黔南?中考真題)

話題：奧運會難度：★★建議用時：6分

TheOlympicGamesbeganin

Olympia,inancientGreece.They

weremadeupofmanysports.

Theystillexisttoday.

hensisthecapitalofGreece.Itwasthehostcityofthefirstmodern

OlympicGamesin1896.ThegamestookplaceinthePanathenaic

Theserunnersaretakingpart

Stadium.

inthemodernOlympics.

AttheancientOlympicsthere

werewrestlingmatches.

jingisthecapitalofChina.Ithosted(he2008OlympicGames.The

【分析】

本文主要介紹了奧運會的起源、運動項目和三個舉辦過奧運會的城市。

6.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“TheserunnersaretakingpartinthemodernOlympics.AttheancientOlympicstherewere

wrestlingmatches.Someathleteshurledadiscusasfarastheycould.AnotherpopularOlympicsportwasthelong

juir.p.Menracedaroundatrackinchariotspulledbyhorses.”可知文中提到了五項運動，故選C?

7.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"AthensisthecapitalofGreece.ItwasthehostcityofthefirstmodernOlympicGamesin

1896”可知雅典舉辦了第一屆現(xiàn)代奧運會，故選A。

8.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“BeijingisthecapitalofChina.Ithostedthe2008OlympicGames.Theopeningceremony

wasintheNationalStadiurrThJ知2008年奧運會開幕式是在國家體育場舉行，故選A。

9.推理判斷題。根據(jù)"TheOlympicGamesbeganinOlympia,inancientGreece.Theyweremadeupofmany

sports.Theystillexisttoday.”以及通讀全文可知本文主要介紹了奧運會的起源、運動項目和三個舉辦過奧運會

的城市，所以推斷這篇文章很可能在雜志社看到，故選B,

3、（2021?四川瀘縣?三模）

話題：介紹中國傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)難度：★★建議用時：6分

JohnSmithisanexchangestudentfromNewYork.Hereisaleuertohisfriendinhishometown.

DearDavid.

Howtimeflies!It'sbeen3monthssinceIcametoChina.Tmhavingagreattimeonmystudentexchange

programhere.Sofar,I'vepletelygotusedtothelifehereandhaveknownalotabouttraditionalChineseculture.

I'dliketosharesomewithyou.

InChina,therearcmanydifferentkindsoftraditionalartforms,suchaspapercutting,Chineseclayartandso

on.Amongthem,thekiteinterestsmemost.ThefirstancientChinesekiteappearedmorethan2,000yearsago.

ThenflyingkiteswasspreadintoJapan,KoreaandMalaysiaduringtheTangDynastyand（heSongDynasty.Kiles

areregardedastheearliestcraft（飛夕亍器）.Theyplayedanimportantroleintheprocessofinventingtheplane.

TeaculluicisiinpoilaiilinCliiiiii.Teawasdiscovcicdasakindufdiinkbyaccidcnlabuul5,000ycaisago.Il

isbelievedthatteawasbroughttoKoreaandJapanduringthe6thand7thcenturies.Itdidn'tappearinEngland

untilaround1660.TheteatradefromChinatoWesterncountriestookplaceinthe19thcentury.Nowteahasbee

oneofthemostpopulardrinksaroundtheworld.

Lastly,TdliketotellyousomethingaboutoneofthetraditionalChinesefestivals—theMidAulumnFestival.

ItisonthefifteenthdayoftheeighthmonthintheChineselunarcalendar（陰歷）.Chinesepeoplehavebeen

celebratingtheMidAutumnFestivalandenjoyingmooncakestorcenturies.

Ifyou'dliketoknowmoreabouttraditionalChineseculture,Iwilltalkaboutitinthenextletter.

Bestwishes!

Yours,

John

10.Fromthispassage,whereisJohnfrom?

A.CanadaB.ChinaC.EnglandD.America

11.Whichofthefollowingisn'tatraditionalChineseartform?

A.Paperculling.B.Chineseclayan.

C.ThekiteD.TheMidAulumnFestival.

12.About5,000yearsago..

A.teacultureappearedinEngland

B.thefirstancientChinesekiteappeared

C.teawasdiscoveredasakindofdrinkbyaccident

D.flyingkiteswasspreadintoJapan,Korea,andMalaysia

13.Whatcanwelearnaccordingtotheletter?

A.DavidcametoChinathreemon:hsago.

B.Teadidn'tappearinEnglanduntilaroundthe16thcentuiy

C.leahasbeeoneofthemostpopulardrinksonlyinChina.

D.Kitesplayedanimportantroleintheprocessofinventingtheplane.

14.JohnwrotethislettertoDavidinorderto.

A.tellhimhehaspletelygotusedtothelifeinChina.

B.tellhimtheMidAulumnFestivalisinAugusteveryyear

C.sharesomethingabouttraditionalChineseculturewithhim

D.tellhimtheteatradefromWesterncountriestoChinatookplaceinthe19thcentury

【答案】

10.D11.D12.C13.D14.C

【分析】

這是一封約翰?史密斯寫給他家鄉(xiāng)朋友大衛(wèi)的信。信中介紹「剪紙、中國粘土藝術(shù)等的傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)形式，著重

介紹風箏、茶文化和中秋節(jié)。

10.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一句"JohnSmithisanexchangestudentfromNewYork”可知，約翰?史密斯來自美國

的紐約。故選D。

11.推理判斷題。根據(jù)信中第二段“InChina,therearemanydifferentkindsoftraditionalartforms,suchaspaper

cutting,Chineseclayartandsoon.Amongthem,thekiteinterestsmemost''和第四段"Lastly,I'dliketotellyou

somethingaboutoneofthetraditionalChinesefestivals—theMidAutumnFestival”可知,剪紙、中國粘土藝術(shù)、

風箏是中國的傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)形式；中秋節(jié)是中國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日。故選D。

12.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)信中第三段'Teawasdiscoveredasakindofdrinkbyaccidentabout5,000yearsago”可知，

茶葉是在大約5000年前被偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種飲料。故選Co

13.推理判斷題。根據(jù)信中第二段”…Theyplayedanimportantrcleintheprocessofinventingiheplane”可知，

風箏在發(fā)明飛機的過程中發(fā)揮了重要作用。故選D。

14.主旨大意題。根據(jù)信中第一段"Sofar,I,vepletelygotusedtothelifehereandhaveknownalotabout

traditionalChineseculture.I'dliketosharesomewithyou”可知,他寫信主要是想與家鄉(xiāng)的朋友分享中國傳統(tǒng)

文化。故選C。

4、（2021?山東穗州?中考真題）

話題：保護地球的方法難度：★★建議用時：6分

XOhttps://.naturelovingkids

NatureLovingKids

分芍土窗J

HereatNatureLovingKids,v/eknowhowmuchyouwanttomakeapositive（積極的）differencetoour

world!So,readontofindouthowtoprotectourearth...

Saveenergyandwater!

Onafineandclearday,hangthingsoutsidetoBeanadvocate（倡導者）！

dry!Thissavesenergythatwouldhavebeenusedon—Shareyourknowledgewithothers,andhelpthem

thedryer（烘干機）.beeecoheroestoo!Itlakeslotsofpeopleworking

—Ifyoucan,trycycling,walking,orusingpublictogethertomakechangeshappen—soshare,share,

transporttogetoutandabout,insteadofusingtheshare!

car.

Turnthetaps（水龍頭）offwhilebrushingyour

teeth,andlakeshortshowersoffourminutesorless!

Befriendlytowildlife!

-Makeyourgardenwildlifcfricndly!Youcouldbuild

Reduce,reuse,recycle!

abcchotel,orevencreateapool.

Beforeyouthrowsomethingaway,stopandthink

Ifyouownacatthatgoesoutdoors,putabell

aboutwhatelseitcouldbeusedfor!

arounditsnecksothatvulnerablewildlifecanhearit

ingandmaketheirescape!

Whatelsecanyoudotomaketheworldbetter?Now,getoutthereandsavetheworld-youcandoit!

15.Tosaveenergyorwater,you'dbetter

A.diythingsinthesunB.driveacartowork

C.takelongshowersD.brushteethwithwaterrunning

16.Tocallonmorepeopletoworktogether,youshould

A.saveenergyandwaterB.beanadvocate

C.reduce,reuseandrecycleD.befriendlytowildlife

17.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable"meaninChinese?

A.野生的B.家養(yǎng)的C.強壯的D.弱小的

18.Thepurposeofthepassageisto

A.helpthekidslearnEnglishB.helppeoplelearnmoreaboutkids

C.teachkidshowtokeepanimalsD.tellthekidshowtoprotecttheearth

19.Thispassageisfrom

A.aguidebookB.asciencebookC.awebsiteD.anewspaper

【答案】

15.A16.B17.D18.D19.C

【分析】

本文是一個名叫“NaturcLovingKids”的網(wǎng)站提供的關于如何保護地球的方法。

15.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Saveenergyandwater”及“Onafineandclearday,hangthingsoutsidetodry”可知，在

陽光下曬干物品可以節(jié)省能源或水資源，故選A。

16.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Beanadvocate”及“Ittakeslotsofpeoplev/orkingtogethertomakechangeshappen—so

share,share,share”可知，成為一個倡導者可以呼吁更多的人一起工作，故選B。

17.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“Ifyouownacatthatgoesoutdoors,putabellarounditsnecksothatvulnerablewildlife

canhearitingandmaketheirescape''可'知，在貓脖子上掛一個鈴鐺，這樣比較弱小的動物聽到后就能逃跑了，

所以vulnerable表示“弱小的”,故選D。

18.主旨大意題。根據(jù)“So,readontofindouthowtoprotectourearth”可知,這篇文章的主要目的是為了告訴

孩子們?nèi)绾伪Ｗo地球，故選D。

https://.https://.nalurelovingkids”可知，這篇文章來自網(wǎng)站，故選C。

5、（2021?遼寧營口?中考真題）

話題：介紹4個有趣的博物館難度：★★建議用時：6分

Museums

ThemostinterestingmuseumIhavebeentoistheAmerican

putcrputerMuscum.lthasinformationaboutdifferentputersandwho

Museuminventedthem.Theoldputersweremuchbigger.ltisunbelievable

thattechnologyhasprogressedinsucharapidway!

IhaverecentlybeentoaveryunusualiruseuminIndia,the

InternationalMuseumofToilcts.Themuseumteachespeopleabout

ToiletMuseumthehistoryanddevelopmentoftoilets.ltalsoencourages

governmentsandsocialgroupstothinkaboutwaystoimprove

(oilelsinthefuture.

Lastyear1wenttotheHangzhouNationalTeaMuscum.Thctea

artperformancesshowedhowtomakeaperfectcupofteawith

TeaMuseum

beautifulteasels.Walchingtheteapreparationwasasenjoyableas

drinking(heteaitself.

TheScienceMuseuminLondonisanoisyplacc.Pcoplccan

talkaboutwhattheycanseeanddothereandtherearesomevery

ScienceMuseum

noisymachinesaswell.Thesciencemuseumisinterestingand

friendlyforpeopleofallages.SoifyouevergotoLondon,make

sureyouvisitit.

20.Howmanymuseumsarementionedintheform?

A.Six.B.Five.C.Three.D.Four.

21.HowtodescribetheAmericanputerMuseumVIt's.

A.unusualB.interestingC.relaxingD.noisy

22.WhatcanwelearnattheInternationalMuseumofToilets?

A.Someinformationaboutwhoinventedtoilets.

B.Whenthefirstsuccessfulphotowastaken.

C.Howpeopledugcoalfromtheground.

D.Thehistoryandde