放射醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)中級職稱考試英語試題及答案一、單項選擇題（共20題，每題1分，計20分）1.Inradiography,whichofthefollowingtermsbestdescribestheprocessofreducingscatterradiation?A.GridingB.CollimationC.FiltrationD.Compression答案：B解析：Collimation（限束）是指通過使用鉛條或準(zhǔn)直器限制X射線束的照射范圍，從而減少散射線。Griding（柵欄）、Filtration（濾過）和Compression（壓迫）均與散射線控制無關(guān)。2.Whichmodalityismostcommonlyusedfordiagnosingmusculoskeletalinjuriesinpediatricpatientsduetoitslowradiationdose?A.MRIB.CTC.BonescanD.X-ray答案：A解析：MRI（磁共振成像）無電離輻射，適用于兒童；CT（計算機斷層掃描）輻射劑量較高，骨掃描（Bonescan）和X-ray（X線）輻射劑量相對較高，但不如MRI適合兒童。3.Atechnologistisperformingacontrast-enhancedCTscan.Whichofthefollowingcontrastmediaisleastlikelytocausenephrotoxicityinpatientswithpre-existingkidneydisease?A.IodinatedcontrastB.Gadolinium-basedcontrastC.BariumsulfateD.Oralcontrast答案：C解析：Bariumsulfate（硫酸鋇）為非離子型造影劑，主要經(jīng)消化道排泄，對腎臟毒性最??；Iodinatedcontrast（碘對比劑）和Gadolinium-basedcontrast（釓對比劑）可能引起腎損傷，口服對比劑（Oralcontrast）主要用于消化道檢查。4.Whichofthefollowingisaprimaryadvantageofdigitalradiography(DR)overtraditionalscreen-filmradiography?A.HigherradiationdoseB.LongerprocessingtimeC.ImmediateimageavailabilityD.Increasedfilmcost答案：C解析：DR（數(shù)字放射攝影）可實現(xiàn)即時圖像顯示，無需化學(xué)處理；傳統(tǒng)屏-片系統(tǒng)（Screen-film）需暗室處理，耗時且成本高。5.Innuclearmedicine,whichradiopharmaceuticalismostcommonlyusedformyocardialperfusionimaging?A.Technetium-99mMIBGB.Iodine-123MIBGC.Thallium-201chlorideD.Fluorine-18FDG答案：C解析：Thallium-201chloride（氯化鉈）是心肌灌注顯像的常用放射性藥物；其他選項分別用于神經(jīng)核醫(yī)學(xué)（Technetium-99mMIBG、Iodine-123MIBG）或腫瘤顯像（Fluorine-18FDG）。6.Whichofthefollowingimagingtechniquesprovidesthehighestspatialresolution?A.MRIB.CTC.PETD.Ultrasound答案：A解析：MRI（磁共振成像）的空間分辨率最高，優(yōu)于CT（計算機斷層掃描）、PET（正電子發(fā)射斷層掃描）和超聲（Ultrasound）。7.Apatientissuspectedofhavingapulmonaryembolism.Whichofthefollowingdiagnostictestshasthehighestsensitivityfordetectingthiscondition?A.ChestX-rayB.CTpulmonaryangiographyC.D-dimertestD.Venousultrasound答案：B解析：CTpulmonaryangiography（CT肺血管造影）是診斷肺栓塞的“金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”，敏感性最高；其他選項敏感性較低。8.WhichofthefollowingisacommoncontraindicationforMRI?A.PacemakerB.MetalhipprosthesisC.BothAandBD.Noneoftheabove答案：C解析：MRI（磁共振成像）禁忌金屬植入物（如起搏器、人工關(guān)節(jié)）和電子設(shè)備，因強磁場可能造成損傷或干擾。9.Influoroscopy,whichofthefollowingtechniquesisusedtoimproveimagecontrast?A.GridingB.FiltrationC.ContrastmediainjectionD.Imageintensification答案：C解析：Contrastmediainjection（對比劑注射）可增強特定器官或結(jié)構(gòu)的顯影，提高對比度；其他選項（Griding、Filtration、Imageintensification）主要減少散射線或提升圖像亮度。10.Whichofthefollowingisaprimarylimitationofcone-beamCT(CBCT)?A.LimitedfieldofviewB.HighradiationdoseC.PoorspatialresolutionD.Longacquisitiontime答案：A解析：CBCT（錐束CT）的視野（Fieldofview）通常較窄，適用于口腔或頜面檢查；其他選項并非其主要限制。11.Whichofthefollowingradiopharmaceuticalsismostcommonlyusedforthyroidscanning?A.Technetium-99mMDPB.Iodine-131C.Iodine-123D.Fluorine-18FDG答案：C解析：Iodine-123（碘-123）是甲狀腺顯像的常用放射性藥物，因其電離輻射低；Iodine-131（碘-131）主要用于治療甲亢；Technetium-99mMDP（锝-99m甲基二磷酸鹽）用于骨顯像。12.Whichofthefollowingimagingmodalitiesismostsuitableforevaluatingthebiliarysystem?A.MRIcholangiographyB.CTcholangiographyC.UScholangiographyD.Alloftheabove答案：D解析：MRIcholangiography（磁共振膽道成像）、CTcholangiography（CT膽道成像）和UScholangiography（超聲膽道成像）均可用于膽道評估。13.Whichofthefollowingisacommonsideeffectofiodinatedcontrastmedia?A.AnaphylaxisB.RenalfailureC.BothAandBD.Noneoftheabove答案：C解析：Iodinatedcontrastmedia（碘對比劑）可能引起過敏性休克（Anaphylaxis）和腎損傷（Renalfailure）。14.Whichofthefollowingisaprimaryadvantageofpositronemissiontomography(PET)?A.HighspatialresolutionB.FunctionalimagingcapabilityC.LowradiationdoseD.Real-timeimaging答案：B解析：PET（正電子發(fā)射斷層掃描）的核心優(yōu)勢是功能成像，可評估代謝或生理活動；其他選項并非其典型優(yōu)勢。15.Inmammography,whichofthefollowingtechniquesisusedtoreducebreastcompression?A.GridingB.Loweringthekilovoltagepeak(kVp)C.Increasingthemilliamperage(mA)D.Usingasmallerfieldofview答案：D解析：減小視野（Fieldofview）可降低壓迫程度，提高圖像質(zhì)量；其他選項與壓迫度無關(guān)。16.WhichofthefollowingisacommonartifactinMRIimages?A.MetalartifactB.MotionartifactC.BothAandBD.Noneoftheabove答案：C解析：MRI（磁共振成像）易受金屬植入物（Metalartifact）和運動（Motionartifact）影響。17.Whichofthefollowingisaprimaryadvantageofsingle-photonemissioncomputedtomography(SPECT)overPET?A.LowerradiationdoseB.BetterspatialresolutionC.MorewidespreadavailabilityD.Highercost-effectiveness答案：C解析：SPECT（單光子發(fā)射計算機斷層掃描）設(shè)備更普及，但空間分辨率和輻射劑量均低于PET（正電子發(fā)射斷層掃描）。18.Whichofthefollowingisacommoncomplicationofcomputedtomography(CT)angiography?A.Contrast-inducednephropathyB.Radiation-inducedskininjuryC.BothAandBD.Noneoftheabove答案：C解析：CT血管造影（CTA）可能引起對比劑腎?。–ontrast-inducednephropathy）和皮膚輻射損傷。19.Whichofthefollowingisaprimarylimitationofultrasound(US)?A.PoorvisualizationofbonesB.HighradiationexposureC.LimitedfieldofviewD.Highcost答案：A解析：超聲（US）對骨骼組織穿透性差，但無電離輻射；其他選項并非其主要限制。20.Whichofthefollowingisacommoncontraindicationforbonedensitometry?A.MetalimplantsB.PregnancyD.BothAandBD.Noneoftheabove答案：D解析：骨密度測量（Bonedensitometry）禁忌金屬植入物（Metalimplants）和妊娠（Pregnancy），因金屬干擾測量或?qū)μ河泻?。二、多項選擇題（共10題，每題2分，計20分）1.Whichofthefollowingarecommonartifactsindigitalradiography(DR)?A.MotionblurB.MetalartifactsC.QuantummottleD.Contrastinhomogeneity答案：A,B,C,D解析：DR（數(shù)字放射攝影）易受運動模糊（Motionblur）、金屬偽影（Metalartifacts）、量子噪聲（Quantummottle）和對比度不均（Contrastinhomogeneity）影響。2.Whichofthefollowingradiopharmaceuticalsareusedinnuclearmedicineforcancerimaging?A.Fluorine-18FDGB.Technetium-99mMDPC.Iodine-123MIBGD.Gallium-68DOTATATE答案：A,D解析：Fluorine-18FDG（氟-18葡萄糖）和Gallium-68DOTATATE（鎵-68DOTATATE）用于腫瘤顯像；Technetium-99mMDP（锝-99m甲基二磷酸鹽）用于骨顯像；Iodine-123MIBG（碘-123去甲腎上腺素類似物）用于神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤顯像。3.Whichofthefollowingareadvantagesofcone-beamCT(CBCT)overconventionalCT?A.FasteracquisitiontimeB.LowerradiationdoseC.BetterspatialresolutionD.Limitedfieldofview答案：A,B,D解析：CBCT（錐束CT）采集速度快、輻射劑量低，但視野窄；空間分辨率低于傳統(tǒng)CT。4.Whichofthefollowingarecommoncomplicationsofiodinatedcontrastmedia?A.HypersensitivityreactionsB.Nephrogenicsystemicfibrosis(NSF)C.Contrast-inducednephropathy(CIN)D.BothAandC答案：D解析：碘對比劑可能引起過敏反應(yīng)（Hypersensitivityreactions）和對比劑腎?。–IN）；NSF（腎源性系統(tǒng)性纖維化）與含碘對比劑無關(guān)。5.Whichofthefollowingareusedinfluoroscopyforimageenhancement?A.GridsB.ImageintensifiersC.ContrastmediaD.BothAandB答案：D解析：準(zhǔn)直器（Grids）和圖像增強器（Imageintensifiers）可提高圖像對比度；對比劑（Contrastmedia）用于增強特定結(jié)構(gòu)顯影。6.WhichofthefollowingareadvantagesofMRIoverCT?A.NoionizingradiationB.BettersofttissuecontrastC.HigherspatialresolutionD.Fasteracquisitiontime答案：A,B解析：MRI（磁共振成像）無電離輻射，軟組織對比度優(yōu)于CT；空間分辨率高于CT，但采集速度較慢。7.WhichofthefollowingarecontraindicationsforMRI?A.PacemakersB.MetalimplantsC.FerromagneticobjectsD.BothAandB答案：D解析：MRI（磁共振成像）禁忌起搏器（Pacemakers）和金屬植入物（Metalimplants）；鐵磁性物體（Ferromagneticobjects）可能造成危險。8.Whichofthefollowingareusedinnuclearmedicineforthyroidimaging?A.Iodine-131B.Iodine-123C.Technetium-99mMDPD.Technetium-99mMIBG答案：A,B解析：碘-131（Iodine-131）和碘-123（Iodine-123）用于甲狀腺顯像；Technetium-99mMDP（锝-99m甲基二磷酸鹽）用于骨顯像；Technetium-99mMIBG（锝-99m去甲腎上腺素類似物）用于神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤顯像。9.WhichofthefollowingarecommonartifactsinCTimages?A.MotionblurB.RingartifactsC.BeamhardeningD.BothBandC答案：D解析：CT（計算機斷層掃描）易受環(huán)形偽影（Ringartifacts）和束硬化（Beamhardening）影響；運動模糊（Motionblur）在所有成像中均可能出現(xiàn)。10.Whichofthefollowingareadvantagesofdigitalmammography(DM)overscreen-filmmammography?A.HigherspatialresolutionB.LowerradiationdoseC.ImmediateimageavailabilityD.BothAandC答案：D解析：DM（數(shù)字乳腺攝影）空間分辨率更高，且可即時顯示圖像；輻射劑量與傳統(tǒng)屏-片系統(tǒng)（Screen-film）相當(dāng)。三、填空題（共10題，每題1分，計10分）1.Innuclearmedicine,theprocessofquantifyingtheradiationabsorbedbytissuesiscalled_________.答案：absorbeddose解析：Absorbeddose（吸收劑量）是衡量電離輻射對生物組織影響的物理量。2.Thetermusedtodescribethereductionofscatteredradiationinradiographyis_________.答案：collimation解析：Collimation（限束）是通過準(zhǔn)直器限制X射線束范圍，減少散射線。3.Theradiopharmaceuticalcommonlyusedformyocardialperfusionimagingis_________.答案：thallium-201解析：Thallium-201（鉈-201）是心肌灌注顯像的常用放射性藥物。4.TheprocessofconvertinganalogX-raysignalsintodigitaldataiscalled_________.答案：signaldigitization解析：Signaldigitization（信號數(shù)字化）是將模擬信號轉(zhuǎn)換為數(shù)字格式，便于存儲和傳輸。5.Thetermusedtodescribetheabilityofanimagingmodalitytodistinguishtwoadjacentstructuresiscalled_________.答案：spatialresolution解析：Spatialresolution（空間分辨率）是指區(qū)分相鄰結(jié)構(gòu)的清晰度。6.Theradiopharmaceuticalcommonlyusedforthyroidscanningis_________.答案：iodine-123解析：Iodine-123（碘-123）是甲狀腺顯像的常用放射性藥物。7.Thetermusedtodescribetheprocessofreducingtheintensityofscatteredradiationiscalled_________.答案：filtration解析：Filtration（濾過）是通過使用鋁或銅濾板減少散射線。8.Theradiopharmaceuticalcommonlyusedforbonescanningis_________.答案：technetium-99mMDP解析：Technetium-99mMDP（锝-99m甲基二磷酸鹽）是骨顯像的常用放射性藥物。9.Thetermusedtodescribetheprocessofreconstructing3Dimagesfrom2Dprojectionsiscalled_________.答案：tomography解析：Tomography（斷層成像）是指從二維投影重建三維圖像。10.TheradiopharmaceuticalcommonlyusedforPETimagingofcanceris_________.答案：fluorine-18FDG解析：Fluorine-18FDG（氟-18葡萄糖）是PET腫瘤顯像的常用放射性藥物。四、簡答題（共5題，每題4分，計20分）1.Whataretheprimarydifferencesbetweendigitalradiography(DR)andscreen-filmradiography?答案：-Detectionmethod:DRusesdigitalsensors(CCDorCMOS),whilescreen-filmuseschemicalscreensandfilm.-Imageprocessing:DRallowsforon-screenmanipulation,whilescreen-filmrequireschemicalprocessing.-Radiationdose:DRtypicallyrequireslowerradiationdoseduetobetterdetectivequantumefficiency.-Imageavailability:DRprovidesimmediatedigitalimages,whilescreen-filmrequirestimeforchemicaldevelopment.2.Explaintheroleofcontrastmediaindiagnosticimaging.答案：ContrastmediaenhancethevisibilityofspecificstructuresbyalteringtheirX-rayattenuationproperties.-Inradiography/CT:Iodinatedorbariumsulfateagentsimproveorgancontrast(e.g.,gastrointestinaltract).-InMRI:Gadolinium-basedagentsenhancebloodvesselsortumors.-Innuclearmedicine:Radiopharmaceuticalsliketechnetium-99moriodine-123localizetotargetorgans.3.WhataretheprimarysafetyconcernsassociatedwithMRI?答案：-Metalimplants:Cancauseburnsordisplacementduetomagneticforces.-Pacemakers:Maymalfunctioninstrongmagneticfields.-Ferromagneticobjects:Canflyandcauseinjury.-NSF(inpatientswithkidneydisease):Gadoliniumdepositionmayleadtosystemicfibrosis.4.DescribetheadvantagesofPET-CTfusionimaging.答案：-Anatomicalcorrelation:CombinesfunctionalPET(metabolism)withanatomicalCT.-Improveddiagnosticaccuracy:Helpsdifferentiatebenignfrommalignantlesions.-Guidedtherapy:Assistsintreatmentplanning(e.g.,radiotherapy).-Reducesfalsepositives:CTconfirmsPETfindings,minimizingfalsepositives.5.Explaintheimportanceofradiationprotectioninradiology.答案：-ALARAprinciple:Minimizeradiationexposure(AsLowAsReasonablyAchievable).-Time:Limitexposuretime.-Distance:Increasedistancefromtheradiationsource.-Shielding:Useleadaprons,thyroidshields,andleadglassesforpersonnelprotection.-Patientdoseoptimization:Useappropriatetechniquestoreducedosewithoutcompromisingimagequality.五、論述題（共2題，每題10分，計20分）1.Discusstheroleofcontrastmediaincomputedtomography(CT)andnuclearmedicine,includingtheirtypes,indications,andpotentialcomplications.答案：InCT:-Types:Iodinatedcontrast(e.g.,iodixanol)forvascularimaging;bariumsulfateforGIstudies.-Indications:Detectingvasculardiseases(e.g.,atherosc