高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1江蘇省南通市2025-2026學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期10月測(cè)試英語(yǔ)試題第一部分聽力(略)第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ASportsclubstojoininLondonIfyou’relookingforafunwaytostayfit,London’scommunitysportsclubshavesomethingforeveryone!Takeyourtrainersandlet’sgetactivetogether!PolyNetballClubHaven’tplayedbasketballsinceschooldays?Setupin1907,PolyNetballClubencouragesyoutoputyourbusyscheduledownforamomentandreconnectwithyourpassionforbasketball.Holdingtwo-hourtrainingeveryMondayevening,thecluboffersyouagreatchancetoimproveyourhealthoutsideyourworkplace.Address:KensingtonLeisureCentreCost:￡200membershipfee(會(huì)費(fèi))peryearLondonCommunityBoxingWanttomovequicklylikeabutterflyandhitstronglikeabee?JoinLondonCommunityBoxing!Thisfriendlyclubteachesboxingskillstoeveryone—nomatteryourage,size,experiencelevel,etc.You’lllearnhowtothrowaproperrighthook(右勾拳)withprofessionalcoacheswhilegettingfit!Address:Units3and4,BellendenRdBusinessCentreCost:￡24membershipfeepermonthSafeHavenSafeHavenBasketballaimstoofferafriendlyspaceforyoungpeoplewithlearningdisabilitiestogettogetherforhour-longtraining.Withprofessionalcoaches,everyonegetstoplayandlearnattheirownpace!Address:LittleVeniceSportsCentreCost:￡13membershipfeepermonthGoodGymStrugglingtofindtimeforvolunteeringandrunning?WithGoodGym,teenagerscandobothtogether!Joinlocalrunsthatincludestopstohelpyourcommunity—likevisitinglonelyseniors,plantingincommunitygardens,orcleaningupacommunitycenter.Getfitwhiledoingsomethinggood—it’sawin-win!Address:33Holborn,London,ECIN2HTCost:￡180membershipfeeperyear1.WhoaremostlikelyinterestedinPolyNetballClub?A.Beginnersinterestedinfitness. B.Highschoolbasketballplayers.C.Adultswithbasketballexperiences. D.Professionalathletesneedingpractice.2.Whichclubhasthelowestyearlycharge?A.PolyNetballClub. B.LondonCommunityBoxing.C.SafeHaven. D.GoodGym.3.WhatisthefeatureofGoodGym?A.Organizingrunningracesregularly. B.Offeringflexiblemembershipoptions.C.Concentratingspeciallyonelderlycare. D.Mixingexercisewithcommunityservices.【答案】1.C2.C3.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了倫敦四家各具特色的社區(qū)體育俱樂部，包括項(xiàng)目類型、地址、費(fèi)用及核心優(yōu)勢(shì)，幫助讀者根據(jù)需求選擇適合的運(yùn)動(dòng)俱樂部。【1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“PolyNetballClub”部分中的 Haven’tplayedbasketballsinceschooldays?Setupin1907,PolyNetballClubencouragesyoutoputyourbusyscheduledownforamomentandreconnectwithyourpassionforbasketball.(從學(xué)生時(shí)代后就沒打過(guò)籃球了？成立于1907年的PolyNetball俱樂部鼓勵(lì)你暫時(shí)放下繁忙的日程，重新找回對(duì)籃球的熱愛)”可知，該俱樂部主要面向“有過(guò)籃球基礎(chǔ)（學(xué)生時(shí)代打過(guò)球）、如今因忙碌暫時(shí)擱置愛好的成年人”。故選C項(xiàng)。【2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)計(jì)算題。根據(jù)各俱樂部費(fèi)用信息逐一計(jì)算年費(fèi)：A項(xiàng)“PolyNetballClub”：Cost:￡200membershipfee(會(huì)費(fèi))peryear（年費(fèi)200英鎊）”；B項(xiàng)“LondonCommunityBoxing”：Cost:￡24membershipfeepermonth”(年費(fèi)為24×12=288英鎊)；C項(xiàng)“SafeHaven”：“￡13permonth（月費(fèi)13英鎊）”，年費(fèi)為13×12=156英鎊；D項(xiàng)“GoodGym”：Cost:￡180membershipfeeperyear(年費(fèi)180英鎊)”。對(duì)比可知，SafeHaven的年費(fèi)最低（156英鎊）。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“GoodGym”部分中的“WithGoodGym,teenagerscandobothtogether!Joinlocalrunsthatincludestopstohelpyourcommunity—likevisitinglonelyseniors,plantingincommunitygardens,orcleaningupacommunitycenter.Getfitwhiledoingsomethinggood—it’sawin-win!（在GoodGym，青少年可以同時(shí)做到這兩件事！加入當(dāng)?shù)氐呐懿交顒?dòng)，途中會(huì)停下來(lái)為社區(qū)提供幫助——比如探訪孤獨(dú)的老人、在社區(qū)花園種植植物或清理社區(qū)中心。在做好事的同時(shí)保持健康，這是雙贏！）”可知，該俱樂部的特色是“將跑步運(yùn)動(dòng)與社區(qū)服務(wù)結(jié)合”。故選D項(xiàng)。BTwoyearsago,artistDaveClarkexhibitedhisartworkatthelocalMantelGallery—asmall,repurposedLittleFreeLibrarythatdoesdoubleduty:Whenit’snotfilledwithbooks,itshowstheworksofartistslikeClark.Clarkwasstruckbytheidea.“That’scool,”Clarksaid.Whilehisneighborhoodhadmanyartists,henoted,itdidnothaveanygalleries.Sohedesignedandbuiltamicro-gallery(微型畫廊)withhiswife.HesetitupinthefrontyardoftheirhouseandnameditGallery17.Later,thecoupleorganizedanexhibitionforlocalartistCodyLusby.About40peopleshowedup.Soon,othersbeganaskingClarktobuildmicro-galleriesforthem.Andthen,artistsfromaroundLosAngelesandasfarawayasEcuadorbeganaskingtoshowtheirworks.Atatimeoffallingsupportforpublicartsandartists,thesemicro-gallerieshavecreatedneighborhoodartareas.Afterretiringin2016,Clarkfoundedanartcenterconnectingartists.Hehadlonggrowntiredofthetraditional“paytoplay”process.Artgallerieschoseonlyaselectfewtobeshownwhileartistswerespendingseveralhundreddollarsayeargettinginvariousplacesjustforexposure(曝光).Atthisartcenter,Clarkcharges$450forthematerials,buildingandset-up.Theartistsreceive100%oftheprofits(收益)foranyworksold.Someartistswho’venevershowntheirworksasktoexhibittheirwork.RecentlyoneofClark’sneighborsaskedtoexhibithispartner’sfather’swork.“He’sanartistinhis80s.Forartistslikehim,thisissuchacool,funthing.Itrepresentstheirfirstindividualshow.Andthat’saproudachievement,”Clarksaid.“It’simportantthatartbecomeapartofeverydaylife,”saidLindaGrimes,thedirectorofalocalartarea.“Noteverybodyiswelcometogointoanartgalleryoramuseum.Artistsoflocalartareasstartedpaintingthosetrafficsignalboxessothatpeoplecouldseeartandappreciateitoutside,onthestreeteveryday.Andthentheypaintedlargeones.”4.WhatinspiredClarktosetupGallery17?A.Somelocalartists’invitation. B.Alibrarydesigner’ssuggestion.C.HisexperiencewithMantelGallery. D.Hisintentiontostartanewbusiness.5.Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A.Thegreatsupportfromtheneighbours.B.Thegrowinginterestinmicro-galleries.C.Themajorbenefitofrunninglocalgalleries.D.Theneedforcooperationinartisticcreation.6.HowcanClark’sartcenterbenefitartists?A.Byencouragingcharityevents. B.Byprovidinglow-costtraining.C.Bysharinginformationonartorders. D.Byofferingacost-effectiveplatform.7.WhatdoLinda’swordssuggestaboutlocalartareas?A.Theyhelptobroadenartists’themes.B.Theyallowthepublictoenjoyarteasily.C.Theyinspirepeopletocreatetheirownart.D.Theyfailtogainpopularitylikeartgalleries.【答案】4.C5.B6.D7.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述Clark創(chuàng)辦微型畫廊及藝術(shù)中心的經(jīng)歷與影響?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Clarkwasstruckbytheidea.‘That’scool,’Clarksaid.Whilehisneighborhoodhadmanyartists,henoted,itdidnothaveanygalleries.Sohedesignedandbuiltamicro-gallerywithhiswife.HesetitupinthefrontyardoftheirhouseandnameditGallery17.(Clark被這個(gè)想法打動(dòng)了?！澳呛芸?，”Clark說(shuō)。他注意到，雖然他的社區(qū)有很多藝術(shù)家，但卻沒有任何畫廊。于是，他和妻子設(shè)計(jì)并建造了一個(gè)微型畫廊。他把它安置在自家的前院里，并將其命名為17號(hào)畫廊)”可知，Clark是在參觀了MantelGallery后受到啟發(fā)，決定在自己的社區(qū)建立微型畫廊Gallery17。故選C?！?題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Later,thecoupleorganizedanexhibitionforlocalartistCodyLusby.About40peopleshowedup.Soon,othersbeganaskingClarktobuildmicro-galleriesforthem.Andthen,artistsfromaroundLosAngelesandasfarawayasEcuadorbeganaskingtoshowtheirworks.Atatimeoffallingsupportforpublicartsandartists,thesemicro-gallerieshavecreatedneighborhoodartareas.(后來(lái)，這對(duì)夫婦為當(dāng)?shù)厮囆g(shù)家CodyLusby組織了一場(chǎng)展覽，約有40人到場(chǎng)。不久，其他人開始請(qǐng)Clark為他們建造微型畫廊。隨后，來(lái)自洛杉磯各地甚至遠(yuǎn)至厄瓜多爾的藝術(shù)家們也開始請(qǐng)求展出自己的作品。在公共藝術(shù)和藝術(shù)家所獲支持日益減少的當(dāng)下，這些微型畫廊已打造出社區(qū)藝術(shù)區(qū)域)”可知，本段主要講述了微型畫廊引發(fā)了越來(lái)越多人的興趣，從本地?cái)U(kuò)展到更遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)。故選B?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Atthisartcenter,Clarkcharges$450forthematerials,buildingandset-up.Theartistsreceive100%oftheprofitsforanyworksold.(在這個(gè)藝術(shù)中心，Clark僅收取450美元的材料、搭建和布置費(fèi)用，藝術(shù)家售出任何作品的全部收益都?xì)w自己所有)”可知，Clark的藝術(shù)中心僅收取材料成本費(fèi)，藝術(shù)家可獲得全部銷售利潤(rùn)，提供了高性價(jià)比的展示平臺(tái)。故選D。【7題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““It’simportantthatartbecomeapartofeverydaylife,”saidLindaGrimes,thedirectorofalocalartarea.“Noteverybodyiswelcometogointoanartgalleryoramuseum.Artistsoflocalartareasstartedpaintingthosetrafficsignalboxessothatpeoplecouldseeartandappreciateitoutside,onthestreeteveryday.Andthentheypaintedlargeones.”(“重要的是讓藝術(shù)成為日常生活的一部分，”當(dāng)?shù)厮囆g(shù)區(qū)主任LindaGrimes說(shuō)，“不是每個(gè)人都覺得自己能走進(jìn)美術(shù)館或博物館。當(dāng)?shù)厮囆g(shù)區(qū)的藝術(shù)家們開始在交通信號(hào)燈箱上作畫，這樣人們每天都能在街上看到并欣賞藝術(shù)。后來(lái)他們還繪制了大型作品?！?”可推知，本地藝術(shù)區(qū)將藝術(shù)融入日常生活，讓公眾能輕松接觸藝術(shù)。故選B。CScienceandsocialstudiestextbooksareoftendifficultforfirst-andsecond-gradestudents.SotraditionalteachingmethodsinNorthCarolinaencourageteacherstoremoveEnglish-learningstudentsfromthosecontentclassestofocusontheirlanguageskillsinstead.Butanewstudyfindsthatitisnotreallylikethis.Bycreatinga10-weekliteracy(讀寫能力)program,whichkeptEnglishlearnersinscienceandsocialstudiesclasses,researcherssawimprovementsintheirabilitytousenewvocabularyandwritearticles.ThestudyhighlightstheimportanceofintroducingEnglishlearnerstosubject-basedcontent,saidJackieRelyea,assistantprofessorofliteracyeducationatNorthCarolinaStateUniversity.Theliteracyprogramobservedstudentsin30primaryschoolsinNorthCarolina.Theresearchersprovideinformationaltextsforthosestudents.Theyappliedmethodslikeread-alouds,groupresearchandconceptmapping(概念圖)tobuildstudents’vocabularyandunderstandingofdifficulttopics.Conceptmappingreferstousingdrawingsorsimilaraidstoshowconnectionsbetweenideas.Clearly,thestudyfoundthatEnglishlearnershadsimilarlevelsofimprovementinscienceandsocialstudiesastheirclassmatesskilledinEnglish.Besides,theprogramdidnotleadtonegativeresultselsewhere,whichsupportstheideathatEnglish-learningstudentscanattendmoreadvancedclasseswithoutfallingbehind.Thisfurthersuggeststhatcontent-richliteracyinstructionmayhelpnarrowtheachievementgapwhenitcomestoEnglishlearning.“Onethingwenoticedistheimportanceofusingwell-organizedtextsthatcoverthesametopic.Inmoretraditionalliteracyinstruction,topicsusuallychangedquicklyandtherewasn’talwaysaclearconnectionthatthestudentscouldholdonto.Byfocusingonsimilarsubjectsforlonger,kidscandigdeeperanddevelopmorein-depthknowledge.Italsohelpsthembecomeexpertsinthesubjectmatter,whichgreatlyimprovestheirvocabularyandunderstandingskills,”Relyeasaid.ThestudychallengescommonbeliefsaboutEnglishlearners,showingtheycandealwithdifficultsubjectsevenwithlimitedEnglishskills.Relyeasuggestedthatmoreresearchonaddingsmall-grouplessonscouldmaketheprogramevenmoreeffective.8.Whatdoesthenewstudyfocuson?A.Mistakesintraditionalteaching. B.Englishlearners’subjectaccess.C.Students’waystolearnvocabulary. D.Theroleoflanguageskillsinwriting.9.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytellusabouttheliteracyprogram?A.Itsmainchallenges. B.Itstargetaudiences.C.Itseducationalgoals. D.Itsteachingstrategies.10.WhichisthekeyfindingaboutEnglishlearnersintheprogram?A.Theyexperiencedequalprogress.B.Theyrequiredextrahelptokeepup.C.Theyshowedcuriosityaboutvarioustopics.D.Theyperformedpoorlyinadvancedcourses.11.WhatmattersforliteracyinstructionaccordingtoRelyea?A.Usingsimpletextsinearlyclasses.B.Changingbetweenavarietyofthemes.C.Allowingstudentstimeforself-learning.D.Providingsimilartopiclearningmaterials.【答案】8.B9.D10.A11.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹一項(xiàng)關(guān)于英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者學(xué)科教學(xué)的新研究及發(fā)現(xiàn)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Butanewstudyfindsthatitisnotreallylikethis.(但一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，情況并非如此)”以及第二段“Bycreatinga10-weekliteracyprogram,whichkeptEnglishlearnersinscienceandsocialstudiesclasses,researcherssawimprovementsintheirabilitytousenewvocabularyandwritearticles.ThestudyhighlightstheimportanceofintroducingEnglishlearnerstosubject-basedcontent,saidJackieRelyea,assistantprofessorofliteracyeducationatNorthCarolinaStateUniversity.(通過(guò)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)為期10周的讀寫能力項(xiàng)目，讓英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者繼續(xù)參與科學(xué)和社會(huì)研究課程，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)他們使用新詞匯和撰寫文章的能力有所提高。北卡羅來(lái)納州立大學(xué)讀寫教育助理教授JackieRelyea表示，這項(xiàng)研究強(qiáng)調(diào)了讓英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者接觸學(xué)科內(nèi)容的重要性)”可知，新研究的重點(diǎn)是讓英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者接觸學(xué)科內(nèi)容，即他們獲取學(xué)科知識(shí)的機(jī)會(huì)。故選B。【9題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段中“Theliteracyprogramobservedstudentsin30primaryschoolsinNorthCarolina.Theresearchersprovideinformationaltextsforthosestudents.Theyappliedmethodslikeread-alouds,groupresearchandconceptmappingtobuildstudents’vocabularyandunderstandingofdifficulttopics.(該讀寫項(xiàng)目對(duì)北卡羅來(lái)納州30所小學(xué)的學(xué)生進(jìn)行了觀察研究。研究人員為這些學(xué)生提供信息類文本，并運(yùn)用朗讀、小組研究和概念圖等方法，幫助學(xué)生積累詞匯并理解復(fù)雜課題)”可知，本段主要介紹了該讀寫項(xiàng)目采用的具體教學(xué)方法。故選D。【10題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Clearly,thestudyfoundthatEnglishlearnershadsimilarlevelsofimprovementinscienceandsocialstudiesastheirclassmatesskilledinEnglish.(顯而易見的是，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者在科學(xué)和社會(huì)研究課程中取得的進(jìn)步程度與精通英語(yǔ)的同學(xué)相當(dāng))”可知，研究的關(guān)鍵發(fā)現(xiàn)是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者與英語(yǔ)熟練的同學(xué)在學(xué)科進(jìn)步上水平相當(dāng)。故選A?！?1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Onethingwenoticedistheimportanceofusingwell-organizedtextsthatcoverthesametopic.(我們注意到的一點(diǎn)是，使用圍繞同一主題精心編排的文本至關(guān)重要)”可知，Relyea認(rèn)為提供相同主題的學(xué)習(xí)材料很重要。故選D。DPolarbearshaveathicklayer(層)offatbelowtwolayersoffurthathelpholdtheirbodyheat.Theselayerskeepthemsowarmthatadultbearscanquicklyoverheatwhentheyrun.However,icedoesnotbuilduponthefur,despitethebearsspendingnearlyalloftheirtimeinandaroundfreezingcoldwater.Thisuniquefeaturehascaughttheattentionofscientists,whoareeagertounderstanditssecrets.Tolearnmoreaboutit,aresearchteamcollectedhairfromsixpolarbearsinthewild.Theytestedhowstronglyicestucktothefur.Next,theycheckedifwaterrolledoffthefurbeforeturningintoice.Theythencomparedtheperformanceofpolarbearhairwithhumanhairandtwohuman-madeskiskins.“Thegrease(油脂)quicklyjumpedoutasbeingthekeyfactorcausingthisice-preventingeffect,aswediscoveredtheice-holdingabilitywasobviouslyalteredwhenthehairwaswashed,”saidJulianCarolan,astudyco-author.“Unwashed,greasyhairmadeitmuchharderforicetoholdonto.Incontrast,whenthepolarbearhairwaswashedandthegreasewaslargelyremoved,itperformedsimilarlytohumanhair,towhichiceattachesreadily.”Thisgreasealsohelpsexplainmoreaboutthehuntingstrategiesofpolarbears.Polarbearsusestillhunting,wheretheylaycompletelystillnexttoabreathingholeintheiceforunderwateranimals.“Sometimes,instillhunting,thepolarbearquietlymovesintothewaterusingitsbackfeettofollowitsfood.Thelesstheicestickstothem,thelessnoiseisproducedandthefasterandquieterthemovement,”saidBodilHolst,anexperimentalphysicistattheUniversityofBergeninNorway.Inadditiontolearningmoreaboutthesemastersofadaptation,thestudycanhelpworkoutnewsolutionsthatkeepawayice,leadingtohealthierandstrongerfabrics(織物),skis,snowboards,andmore.Thenaturalfattycoatingsfoundinbearsareexpectedtoinformthedevelopmentofmoresustainablecoatings,whichcouldserveasreplacementsforharmfullong-lastingchemicalslikePFAS,whichhavebeencommonlyusedinice-preventingapplications.12.Whataboutpolarbearshasdrawnscientists’interest?A.Theiruniqueabilitytostayice-free. B.Theirusualpresenceinfreezingwater.C.Theirfearofoverheatingduringactivity. D.Theirpowertosurviveintoughconditions.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“altered”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Covered. B.Weakened. C.Changed. D.Separated.14.HowdoesthegreasebenefitpolarbearsaccordingtoBodilHolst?A.Itpreventsinjuryrisks. B.Ittrickstheirtargetanimals.C.Itishelpfulforstoringenergy. D.Itenablesthemtohuntmoreeasily.15.Whatpossibleprogresscanpolarbears’fattycoatingsinspire?A.Creatingsafericeprotectionmaterials. B.Improvingthesurvivalskillsofwildlife.C.Designingproductswithfewercoatings. D.Makingsportsequipmentworksmoothly.【答案】12.A13.C14.D15.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹北極熊毛發(fā)不結(jié)冰的獨(dú)特現(xiàn)象，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)油脂是關(guān)鍵，其助于捕獵，還能為研發(fā)更安全可持續(xù)的防冰材料提供思路?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“However,icedoesnotbuilduponthefur,despitethebearsspendingnearlyalloftheirtimeinandaroundfreezingcoldwater.Thisuniquefeaturehascaughttheattentionofscientists,whoareeagertounderstanditssecrets.(然而，盡管北極熊幾乎所有時(shí)間都在冰冷的水中或周圍活動(dòng)，它們的毛發(fā)上卻不會(huì)結(jié)冰。這一獨(dú)特特征引起了科學(xué)家的注意，他們渴望揭開其奧秘。)”可知，北極熊毛發(fā)不結(jié)冰的獨(dú)特能力吸引了科學(xué)家的興趣。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段“Thegrease(油脂)quicklyjumpedoutasbeingthekeyfactorcausingthisice-preventingeffect,aswediscoveredtheice-holdingabilitywasobviouslyalteredwhenthehairwaswashed,”saidJulianCarolan,astudyco-author.“Unwashed,greasyhairmadeitmuchharderforicetoholdonto.Incontrast,whenthepolarbearhairwaswashedandthegreasewaslargelyremoved,itperformedsimilarlytohumanhair,towhichiceattachesreadily.”(該研究的合著者朱利安?卡羅蘭表示：“油脂很快被證實(shí)是產(chǎn)生這種防冰效果的關(guān)鍵因素，因?yàn)槲覀儼l(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)北極熊的毛發(fā)被清洗后，其固冰能力發(fā)生了顯著altered。未清洗的油膩毛發(fā)會(huì)大幅降低冰的附著能力；相反，當(dāng)北極熊的毛發(fā)經(jīng)過(guò)清洗、大部分油脂被去除后，其表現(xiàn)就與人類毛發(fā)相似了——冰很容易附著在人類毛發(fā)上?！?”可知，清洗前后毛發(fā)粘冰能力從“難粘冰”變?yōu)椤耙渍潮?，發(fā)生了變化，故altered意為“改變”。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段““Sometimes,instillhunting,thepolarbearquietlymovesintothewaterusingitsbackfeettofollowitsfood.Thelesstheicestickstothem,thelessnoiseisproducedandthefasterandquieterthemovement,”saidBodilHolst,anexperimentalphysicistattheUniversityofBergeninNorway.(挪威卑爾根大學(xué)的實(shí)驗(yàn)物理學(xué)家博迪爾?霍爾斯特表示：“在‘靜獵’（一種捕獵方式）時(shí)，北極熊有時(shí)會(huì)悄悄進(jìn)入水中，用后腳發(fā)力追蹤獵物。毛發(fā)上附著的冰越少，產(chǎn)生的噪音就越小，它們移動(dòng)起來(lái)也就越快、越安靜。”)”可知，油脂減少毛發(fā)粘冰，進(jìn)而減少捕獵時(shí)的噪音、提升移動(dòng)效率，幫助北極熊更易捕獵。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thenaturalfattycoatingsfoundinbearsareexpectedtoinformthedevelopmentofmoresustainablecoatings,whichcouldserveasreplacementsforharmfullong-lastingchemicalslikePFAS,whichhavebeencommonlyusedinice-preventingapplications.(北極熊身上的天然脂肪涂層有望為開發(fā)更可持續(xù)的涂層提供思路，這類涂層可替代全氟和多氟烷基物質(zhì)（PFAS）等有害的長(zhǎng)效化學(xué)物質(zhì)——這些物質(zhì)常被用于防冰應(yīng)用中。)”可知，北極熊的脂肪涂層可能啟發(fā)人們研發(fā)更安全的防冰材料（替代有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)）。故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Highschoolisanexcitingopportunitytocontinuelearningandgrowing.____16____Thisisbecausehighschoolisanimportantsteptohelpyouprepareforcollegeanddevelopyourskills.Belowaresomepiecesofadvicetofollowasyougothroughhighschoolsothatyoucangetthemostoutofyourexperience.Thefirstyearofhighschoolcanbechallenging.Maybeyourgradesaren’tasgoodasyou’dlike,ormaybeyoudon’ttakepartinasmanyactivitiesasyouhavehoped.____17____Trytothinkaboutyourstrengthsandweaknessesandsetsomegoalsforthecomingyear.Youwillgrowrapidlyeachyearofhighschool.____18____Whenyouhaveadaptedtothelevelofthecourse,youshouldpushyourselfbychoosinglevelsthataremoredifficultinyourschool’scourses.Alloftheskillsyoubuilduponthishabitprovideanimportantfoundation(基礎(chǔ))foryourlifeinthefollowingyears.Inhighschool,youmayfindthatyouhavemorechancesthanyoudidinmiddleschool.Ifyoufindthatthesepossibilitiesareofferedtoyou,tryoutanewhobby,learnanewskill,ormeetanewpersoninschool.____19____Theactivitiesmayintroduceyoutonewopportunitiesforpersonalgrowth.Thegrowthduringhighschoolisnotlimitedtothecampus.Wheneverpossible,youshouldtrytojoininactivitiestosupportyourcommunity.Thiscouldbeplayingacommunitysport,doingcommunityservice,orcaringforafamilymember.____20____A.Soit’sokayifitdoesn’tgoperfectly.B.Whatyouchoosetodoiscompletelyuptoyou.C.Thismeansmakingandstickingtostudyschedules.D.Youshouldchallengeyourselftothebestofyourability.E.Thesesocialpracticeswillinturnbenefityourschoollife.F.It’salsowheremanystudentsbeginthinkingabouthighereducation.G.However,insteadoffeelingdiscouraged,youcanmakeapositiveeffort.【答案】16.F17.G18.D19.B20.E【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹高中階段的重要性及幫助學(xué)生充分利用高中生活的建議?！?6題詳析】上文“Highschoolisanexcitingopportunitytocontinuelearningandgrowing.(高中是一個(gè)繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)和成長(zhǎng)的令人興奮的機(jī)會(huì))”介紹了高中是繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)和成長(zhǎng)的好機(jī)會(huì)，下文“Thisisbecausehighschoolisanimportantsteptohelpyouprepareforcollegeanddevelopyourskills.(這是因?yàn)楦咧惺菐椭銥樯洗髮W(xué)和發(fā)展技能做準(zhǔn)備的重要一步)”解釋了原因，指出高中為大學(xué)做準(zhǔn)備，空處需銜接“學(xué)習(xí)成長(zhǎng)”與“大學(xué)準(zhǔn)備”，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“這也是許多學(xué)生開始考慮高等教育的地方”承上啟下，說(shuō)明了高中對(duì)于考慮高等教育的重要性，與上下文緊密相連，符合語(yǔ)境。故選F。【17題詳析】上文“Maybeyourgradesaren’tasgoodasyou’dlike,ormaybeyoudon’ttakepartinasmanyactivitiesasyouhavehoped.(也許你的成績(jī)不如你想要的那么好，或者你沒有參加那么多你希望參加的活動(dòng))”提到了高中第一年可能會(huì)遇到的挑戰(zhàn)，下文“Trytothinkaboutyourstrengthsandweaknessesandsetsomegoalsforthecomingyear.(試著想想你的長(zhǎng)處和短處，為來(lái)年設(shè)定一些目標(biāo))”提出了應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)的建議，空處需體現(xiàn)從負(fù)面情緒轉(zhuǎn)向積極行動(dòng)的轉(zhuǎn)折，G選項(xiàng)“然而，與其感到氣餒，你可以做出積極的努力”承上啟下，說(shuō)明了面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)應(yīng)有的態(tài)度，其中“insteadofdiscouraged”與“positiveeffort”對(duì)應(yīng)上下文邏輯，符合語(yǔ)境。故選G?！?8題詳析】下文“Whenyouhaveadaptedtothelevelofthecourse,youshouldpushyourselfbychoosinglevelsthataremoredifficultinyourschool’scourses.(當(dāng)你適應(yīng)了課程的水平后，你應(yīng)該通過(guò)選擇學(xué)校課程中更難的課程來(lái)挑戰(zhàn)自己)”強(qiáng)調(diào)要不斷挑戰(zhàn)自我，空處需概括該段主旨，提出這一核心建議，D選項(xiàng)“你應(yīng)該盡自己所能挑戰(zhàn)自己”與下文緊密相連，說(shuō)明了要挑戰(zhàn)自己的觀點(diǎn)，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D?！?9題詳析】上文“Ifyoufindthatthesepossibilitiesareofferedtoyou,tryoutanewhobby,learnanewskill,ormeetanewpersoninschool.(如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)這些機(jī)會(huì)都擺在你面前，那就嘗試一個(gè)新的愛好，學(xué)習(xí)一項(xiàng)新技能，或者在學(xué)校結(jié)識(shí)一個(gè)新朋友)”提到了高中有很多機(jī)會(huì)，可以嘗試新事物，下文“Theactivitiesmayintroduceyoutonewopportunitiesforpersonalgrowth.(這些活動(dòng)可能會(huì)為你帶來(lái)個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)的新機(jī)會(huì))”說(shuō)明了這些活動(dòng)的好處，空處需銜接“機(jī)會(huì)”與“個(gè)人選擇”，B選項(xiàng)“你選擇做什么完全取決于你自己”承上啟下，說(shuō)明了選擇嘗試新事物的自主性，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。【20題詳析】上文“Wheneverpossible,youshouldtrytojoininactivitiestosupportyourcommunity.Thiscouldbeplayingacommunitysport,doingcommunityservice,orcaringforafamilymember.(只要有可能，你就應(yīng)該嘗試參加支持社區(qū)的活動(dòng)。這可以是參加社區(qū)運(yùn)動(dòng)、做社區(qū)服務(wù)或照顧家人)”提到了要參加支持社區(qū)的活動(dòng)，列舉校外實(shí)踐活動(dòng)，空處應(yīng)該說(shuō)明這些活動(dòng)的好處，E選項(xiàng)中“Thesesocialpractices”指代上文社區(qū)活動(dòng)，“benefitschoollife”體現(xiàn)其積極作用，故E選項(xiàng)“這些社會(huì)實(shí)踐反過(guò)來(lái)也會(huì)對(duì)你的學(xué)校生活有益”與上文緊密相連，符合語(yǔ)境。故選E。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共四節(jié)，滿分55分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。At6:00am,IsteppedoutintowhatwouldbecomeoneofHouston’shottestJulydays.____21____hadalreadywettedmyT-shirtasIstoodintheparkinglot,surroundedby____22____runnersdressedforextremeheat.At53,Iwasstartingtrainingformyfirsthalfmarathon.Itwasmywayofbuilding____23____inthisunfamiliarcity.Houstonwasaworld____24____fromSouthernCalifornia,whereIhadgrownup,studied,married,andraisedtwodaughters.Movinghere____25____myhusband’sjobrelocationwasamajorchallenge—____26____whenmostofmyfriendswereconsideringretirement.Withmydaughtersgrown,thebusydaysofPTAmeetings,teammomduties,andschooleventswerebehindme.HowcouldImakefriendsinacitywhereIknewalmostnoone?Wouldmyagingdogsbemyonly____27____?Theanswercame____28____fromAnnie,myrealestateagent.Shecalledandasked,“Dana,areyouinterestedinjoiningUSAFithereintown?”Iwasn’tsurewhatitwas,butIknewAnniewasaseriousrunner—she’d____29____talkedaboutmarathons.“Whatdoesit____30____?Isitaboutrunning?Becausethat’sreallynotmy____31____,”Isaid,hopingshesensedmy____32____.ButAnniedidn’tgiveup.“You’llloveit!It’sagroupofrunnersandwalkers____33____togetherforsixmonths.You’llmakefriends—trustme!”Thoughdoubts____34____mymind,thepossibilityofbuildingnewconnectionsdrewmein.BeforeIknewit,Iwasstanding____35____the“purplepeople”—thehalfmarathonwalkinggroup—onmyveryfirsttrainingday.21.A.Rain B.Sweat C.Tears D.Dust22.A.anxious B.experienced C.casual D.potential23.A.fitness B.fortunes C.families D.friendships24.A.separate B.different C.independent D.straight25.A.dueto B.accordingto C.insteadof D.asidefrom26.A.properly B.fortunately C.especially D.normally27.A.partners B.neighbors C.guides D.caretakers28.A.usually B.fortunately C.gradually D.unexpectedly29.A.specially B.seldom C.frequently D.roughly30.A.involve B.take C.cost D.bring31.A.plan B.business C.opinion D.thing32.A.disinterest B.excitement C.nervousness D.confidence33.A.spending B.signing C.hoping D.training34.A.cleared B.ignored C.filled D.strengthened35.A.for B.against C.among D.besides【答案】21.B22.B23.D24.B25.A26.C27.A28.D29.C30.A31.D32.A33.D34.C35.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述作者在休斯頓通過(guò)參加跑步團(tuán)體建立友誼的經(jīng)歷?！?1題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我站在停車場(chǎng)時(shí)，汗水已經(jīng)浸濕了我的T恤，周圍都是為極端高溫做好準(zhǔn)備的、有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的跑步者。A.Rain雨；B.Sweat汗水；C.Tears眼淚；D.Dust灰塵。根據(jù)上文“oneofHouston’shottestJulydays”可知，天氣很熱，所以是汗水浸濕了T恤。故選B?！?2題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我站在停車場(chǎng)時(shí)，汗水已經(jīng)浸濕了我的T恤，周圍都是為極端高溫做好準(zhǔn)備的、有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的跑步者。A.anxious焦慮的；B.experienced有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的；C.casual隨意的；D.potential潛在的。根據(jù)下文“dressedforextremeheat”可知，這些跑步者對(duì)酷熱天氣有準(zhǔn)備，推測(cè)是“有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的”。故選B?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這是我在這個(gè)陌生的城市建立友誼的方式。A.fitness健康；B.fortunes財(cái)富；C.families家庭；D.friendships友誼。根據(jù)下文“HowcouldImakefriendsinacitywhereIknewalmostnoone?”可知，作者希望通過(guò)跑步建立友誼。故選D。【24題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：休斯頓與我在南加州長(zhǎng)大的地方截然不同，我在那里長(zhǎng)大、學(xué)習(xí)、結(jié)婚并撫養(yǎng)了兩個(gè)女兒。A.separate分開的；B.different不同的；C.independent獨(dú)立的；D.straight直的。根據(jù)下文“Movingheremyhusband’sjobrelocationwasamajorchallenge”可知，休斯頓與南加州不同，讓作者感到挑戰(zhàn)。故選B?！?5題詳析】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：由于我丈夫的工作調(diào)動(dòng)而搬到這里是一個(gè)巨大的挑戰(zhàn)——尤其是當(dāng)我的大多數(shù)朋友都在考慮退休的時(shí)候。A.dueto由于；B.accordingto根據(jù)；C.insteadof代替；D.asidefrom除了。根據(jù)下文“myhusband’sjobrelocation”可知，搬到這里是由于丈夫的工作調(diào)動(dòng)。故選A。【26題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：由于我丈夫的工作調(diào)動(dòng)而搬到這里是一個(gè)巨大的挑戰(zhàn)——尤其是當(dāng)我的大多數(shù)朋友都在考慮退休的時(shí)候。A.properly適當(dāng)?shù)?；B.fortunately幸運(yùn)地；C.especially尤其；D.normally正常地。根據(jù)下文“whenmostofmyfriendswereconsideringretirement.”可知，“朋友考慮退休”的階段讓搬家的挑戰(zhàn)更突出，用especially強(qiáng)調(diào)程度。故選C。【27題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我年老的狗會(huì)是我唯一的伙伴嗎？A.partners伙伴；B.neighbors鄰居；C.guides向?qū)?；D.caretakers看護(hù)人。根據(jù)上文“HowcouldImakefriendsinacitywhereIknewalmostnoone?”以及語(yǔ)境可知，作者在陌生城市幾乎不認(rèn)識(shí)人，此處用伙伴形容狗，體現(xiàn)孤獨(dú)感。故選A。【28題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：答案出乎意料地來(lái)自我的房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人安妮。A.usually通常；B.fortunately幸運(yùn)地；C.gradually逐漸地；D.unexpectedly出乎意料地。根據(jù)上文“HowcouldImakefriendsinacitywhereIknewalmostnoone?”及下文“fromAnnie,myrealestateagent”可知，作者此前不知如何交友，安妮的建議是意外的解決方式。故選D。【29題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我不知道那是什么，但我知道安妮是個(gè)認(rèn)真的跑步者——她經(jīng)常談?wù)擇R拉松。A.specially特別地；B.seldom很少；C.frequently頻繁地，經(jīng)常；D.roughly粗略地。根據(jù)上文“Anniewasaseriousrunner”可知，安妮是個(gè)認(rèn)真的跑步者，所以她經(jīng)常談?wù)擇R拉松。故選C?！?0題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“那涉及什么？是關(guān)于跑步的嗎？因?yàn)槟钦娴牟皇俏蚁矚g的事，”我說(shuō)，希望她能感覺到我的不感興趣。A.involve涉及；B.take拿走；C.cost花費(fèi)；D.bring帶來(lái)。根據(jù)下文“Isitaboutrunning?”可知，作者在問(wèn)那涉及什么。故選A。【31題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“那涉及什么？是關(guān)于跑步的嗎？因?yàn)槟钦娴牟皇俏蚁矚g的事，”我說(shuō)，希望她能感覺到我的不感興趣。A.plan計(jì)劃；B.business生意；C.opinion觀點(diǎn)；D.thing事情。根據(jù)空前“that’sreallynotmy”可知，此處為固定表達(dá)“that’snotmything”，意為“那不是我喜歡的事”。故選D?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“那涉及什么？是關(guān)于跑步的嗎？因?yàn)槟钦娴牟皇俏蚁矚g的事，”我說(shuō)，希望她能感覺到我的不感興趣。A.disinterest不感興趣；B.excitement興奮；C.nervousness緊張；D.confidence自信。根據(jù)上文“Becausethat’sreallynotmy”可知，作者明確表示跑步非其所好，希望安妮能感覺到自己的不感興趣。故選A?！?3題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這是一群跑步者和步行者一起訓(xùn)練六個(gè)月。A.spending花費(fèi)；B.signing簽名；C.hoping希望；D.training訓(xùn)練。根據(jù)上文“Iwasstartingtrainingformyfirsthalfmarathon.”以及語(yǔ)境可知，這是一個(gè)跑步訓(xùn)練團(tuán)體。故選D?！?4題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然疑慮充斥著我的腦海，但建立新聯(lián)系的可能性吸引了我。A.cleared清理；B.ignored忽視；C.filled充滿；D.strengthened加強(qiáng)。根據(jù)上文“doubts”和下文“thepossibility