第1講定語從句2026年高考英語語法專項(xiàng)突破（全國通用）（語法講義+模擬練習(xí)+真題操練）內(nèi)容提要思維導(dǎo)圖表格呈現(xiàn)對點(diǎn)練習(xí)單題突破綜合提升一、定語從句基礎(chǔ)框架表此表格梳理定語從句的核心定義、三要素及分類，明確“先行詞關(guān)系詞從句”的邏輯關(guān)系，是理解定語從句的基礎(chǔ)框架。類別具體內(nèi)容定義主從復(fù)合句中修飾限定名詞/代詞的從句，相當(dāng)于形容詞（又稱形容詞性從句），需通過關(guān)系詞連接先行詞與從句。三要素1.先行詞：被修飾的名詞/代詞，可指人、物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容2.關(guān)系詞：分關(guān)系代詞（that/which/who等）和關(guān)系副詞（when/where/why），在從句中作主語、賓語、定語或狀語3.從句：依附先行詞，結(jié)構(gòu)完整，功能是修飾先行詞分類1.限制性：無逗號，是先行詞不可缺部分（如“ThisistheschoolwhereIstudied”）2.非限制性：有逗號，僅補(bǔ)充說明（如“Heboughtahouse,whoseroofwasred”）3.分割型：先行詞與從句被其他成分隔開（如“Thedaysaregonewhenwereliedonmanuallabor”）注意事項(xiàng)：1.逗號是區(qū)分限制/非限制性從句的關(guān)鍵，不可隨意添加或省略；2.分割型從句需根據(jù)語義找準(zhǔn)先行詞，避免誤判中間成分。二、關(guān)系代詞用法表此表格梳理6類核心關(guān)系代詞的適用場景、句法功能及關(guān)鍵規(guī)則，覆蓋“that與which區(qū)別”“as的特殊用法”等高頻考點(diǎn)。關(guān)系代詞先行詞從句中功能核心用法規(guī)則who人主語、賓語1.可與that互換；2.引導(dǎo)“Anyonewho…”“Thosewho…”句型；3.不可用于“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”和非限制性從句whom人賓語（可?。?.可與that互換或省略；2.僅用于“介詞+whom”結(jié)構(gòu)；3.非限制性從句中不可省which物主語、賓語1.限制性從句可與that互換；2.引導(dǎo)非限制性從句（不可用that）；3.用于“介詞+which”，可指代主句內(nèi)容that人/物主語、賓語、表語1.不可用于非限制性從句；2.優(yōu)先用于：先行詞為不定代詞、被序數(shù)詞/最高級/only修飾、兼指人+物；3.作賓語可省whose人/物定語（表所屬）1.修飾物時(shí)可換“the+名詞+ofwhich”；2.非限制性從句中不可省as人/物主語、賓語1.用于“such…as…”“so…as…”“thesame…as…”；2.引導(dǎo)非限制性從句表“正如”，可位于句首/中/末注意事項(xiàng)：1.who作主語、whom作賓語，不可混淆；2.非限制性從句、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，只能用which，不可用that；3.“thesame…as…”表“同類”，“thesame…that…”表“同一事物”?！緦c(diǎn)練習(xí)】在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或用所給單詞的正確形式填空1.Theteacheroftentellsusstoriesabouttheheroes__________devotedtheirlivestoourcountry.2.Thisistheoldlibrary__________weborrowedmanyinterestingbookswhenwewereinprimaryschool.3.Myclassmateshowedmethenewmobilephone__________screenismadeofaspecialkindofglass.4.Thefamouswriterwillattendthemeeting__________isheldtocelebratethe100thanniversaryofthemagazine.5.Istillremembertheday__________myparentstookmetothesciencemuseumforthefirsttime.三、關(guān)系副詞用法表此表格梳理3類關(guān)系副詞的適用場景、句法功能及特殊規(guī)則，明確“抽象先行詞修飾”“time的特殊用法”等難點(diǎn)。關(guān)系副詞先行詞類型從句中功能核心用法規(guī)則when時(shí)間名詞（day/age等）時(shí)間狀語1.可換“介詞+which”；2.“time”表“次數(shù)”用that，表“時(shí)間”用when；3.可修飾抽象時(shí)間名詞（occasion等）where地點(diǎn)名詞（school/case等）地點(diǎn)狀語1.可換“介詞+which”；2.可修飾抽象地點(diǎn)名詞（case/situation等）；3.先行詞在從句中作主語/賓語時(shí)，用that/whichwhy原因名詞（reason）原因狀語1.僅用于“Thereasonwhy…”句型；2.reason在從句中作賓語時(shí)，用that/which；3.可換“forwhich”注意事項(xiàng)：1.先行詞是時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)名詞，但若在從句中作主語/賓語，需用關(guān)系代詞，不可用關(guān)系副詞；2.why僅修飾reason，不可用于其他原因類名詞?！緦c(diǎn)練習(xí)】在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或用所給單詞的正確形式填空1.Thereason__________hewaslatefortheimportantmeetingwasthathiscarbrokedownontheway.2.Wefinallyarrivedatthesmalltown__________mygrandparentshadlivedformorethanfiftyyears.3.Ican’tforgettheyear__________ourschoolwonthefirstprizeinthenationaldebatepetition.4.Thesituation__________weneedtomakeaquickdecisionrequiresustostaycalmandfocused.5.Thetime__________wespendtogetheronweekendsisalwaysfulloflaughterandjoy.四、重難點(diǎn)突破表此表格聚焦“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”和“主謂一致”兩大重難點(diǎn)，梳理核心規(guī)則與應(yīng)用場景。重難點(diǎn)類型核心規(guī)則關(guān)鍵示例方向介詞+關(guān)系代詞1.先行詞指人用whom，指物用which，不可用that/who；2.介詞選擇：依先行詞搭配、從句謂語搭配、語境邏輯1.先行詞搭配：thereasonforwhich；2.謂語搭配：learnfromwhom；3.語境：withoutwhich主謂一致1.先行詞作主語，從句謂語單復(fù)數(shù)與先行詞一致；2.“oneof…+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”后從句用復(fù)數(shù)；“theonlyoneof…+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”后從句用單數(shù)1.Anyonewhobreaksrulesispunished；2.Heisoneofthestudentswhohavereadthebook；3.SheistheonlyonewhoknowsEnglish注意事項(xiàng)：1.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”中，介詞不可后置到從句末尾（口語除外）；2.區(qū)分“oneof…”與“theonlyoneof…”的謂語單復(fù)數(shù)差異，避免誤判?！敖樵~+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)用法【對點(diǎn)練習(xí)】在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或用所給單詞的正確形式填空1.Theprofessor__________welearnedalotaboutmodernliteraturewillgivealecturenextmonth.2.Thisisthepany__________myfatherhasworkedforovertwentyyears.3.Theancientbuilding__________manypreciousculturalrelicswerestolenlastyearisnowunderrepair.4.Thestudent__________theteacherpraisedinclasshasmadegreatprogressinhisstudies.5.Themagazine__________weoftengetusefulinformationaboutscienceandtechnologyisverypopularamongstudents.主謂一致用法【對點(diǎn)練習(xí)】在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或用所給單詞的正確形式填空1.Heisoneofthestudentswho__________(win)thenationalscholarshipthisyear.2.Sheistheonlyoneofthegirlswho__________(be)abletospeakthreeforeignlanguagesfluently.3.Thebooksinthisbookstorethat__________(relate)toenvironmentalprotectionsellverywellrecently.4.Theteamwhich__________(consist)offiveexperienceddoctorswillbesenttothedisasterareatomorrow.5.Theoldtreesinourmunitythat__________(plant)thirtyyearsagostillprovideshadeforresidents.五、易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)表此表格梳理3類高頻易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)，明確區(qū)分方法與避坑技巧。易混類型區(qū)分方法避坑示例關(guān)系代詞vs副詞從句缺主語/賓語用代詞，不缺成分（需作狀語）用副詞1.缺賓語：Thedaysthatwespent（用that）；2.作狀語：Thedayswhenwetraveled（用when）介詞+關(guān)系代詞誤用先行詞指人必用whom，指物必用which，不可省錯(cuò)誤：Theartisttowhoshedonated；正確：Theartisttowhomshedonatedasvsthat“such…as…”“so…as…”引導(dǎo)定語從句（缺成分）；“such…that…”“so…that…”引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句（不缺成分）1.缺成分：SuchagoodbookasIlike（用as）；2.不缺成分：SuchagoodbookthatIlikeit（用that）注意事項(xiàng)：1.分析從句成分是區(qū)分代詞與副詞的核心，不可僅憑先行詞類型判斷；2.“as”引導(dǎo)定語從句需搭配特定句型，不可隨意替換為“that”。一、語法填空：在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~1．（2025·江蘇南京·一模）Themarathonrunnermaintainedhissteadypace,conservinghisenergy,anddidn’tmakehisfinalpushuntilhereachedthelastmileoftherace,thefinishlinewaswithinsight.2．（2526高三上·湖北黃岡·階段練習(xí)）Itwasnotjustahikebutajourneythroughtime,thepastwasbroughttolifethestoriesofthevillagers.3．（2526高三上·四川廣元·階段練習(xí)）Sheeventuallyreachedapointshehadtomakeachoicebetweenhercareerandherfamily.4．（2526高三上·上?！るA段練習(xí)）hasbeendescribedabove,it’sageneralrulethatsolidsexpandasthetemperatureincreasesandcontractwhentheyarecooled.5．（2425高三上·江蘇鹽城·階段練習(xí)）Thisindicatesthatthereisacertainwayquantityisrepresentedintheirbrain.6．（2324高三上·江蘇南通·期末）Asweexploretheworldingreaterdepth,wemayreachapointitisimpossibletorunanexperimentalscenariointherealworldduetophysical,ethicalorfinanciallimitations.7．（2526高三上·河南信陽·階段練習(xí)）ZhanghasmadeseveraltripstoSpainsincereceivinghisfirstSpanishstudentin2006,duringtimehehassharedhisknowledgewiththousandsofstudentsofallages.8．（2425高三上·廣東佛山·階段練習(xí)）EventhoughTuYouyouisnotinterestedinfame,shehasbeeascientistworkisinternationallyrenowned.9．（2324高三下·廣東廣州·開學(xué)考試）“It’scalledalongevitytreeinQiandongnan,implicationofhopematchesChina’sboostingspaceindustry.”shesaid.10．（2223高三上·廣東梅州·階段練習(xí)）Therefore,performingtheliondancebecameacustompeoplecouldprayforgoodluck,safety,andhappiness.11．（2023高三上·全國·專題練習(xí)）TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005whenthegovernmentstartedasoiltestingprogram

givesspecificfertilizerremendationsfarmersand2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.12．（2022高三·上?！ｎ}練習(xí)）ManyotherbuildingsaroundtheworldhavealsobeencertifiedbyLEED,ofwhichservesastepintherightdirectiontowardsacleanerfuture.13．（2024高三·北京·專題練習(xí)）NinarecentlyfinishedheryearlongseriesofrunsinChicago,thousandswereattendingawaterconference.14．（2024高三·北京·專題練習(xí)）Inthiscase,cooleveningairisaslightlydifferenttemperaturethanthesolarcellinthepanel.Thatbeesenergy,istransformedintoelectricity.15．（2024高三·北京·專題練習(xí)）ThefamousNationalStadiumor“Bird’sNest”isthecenterpieceofthepark,theopeningandclosingceremoniesofthe2022BeijingWinterOlympicswerehosted.PassageSEQa1（2024·全國甲卷·高考真題）閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Althoughparksofallsizesandtypesexistatanylevel,thenationalparks,inparticular,tend1(catch)ourattentionbecauseoftheirlargesizeandvariety.Theyare2(treasure)ofAmericanheritage(遺產(chǎn)).Howdidthenationalparksystemeabout?Onacool,starrynightinmidSeptember1870,fourmenrelaxedbeforeacampfirealongtheFireholeRiverin3isnownorthwesternWyoming.They4(be)partofa15memberexploringpartythathadspentalmostfiveawesomeweeksinwitnessofthenaturalbeautiesthere.Whatshould5(do)withsuchabeautifulplace?Theywonderedoutloud.Thisarea,with6(it)uniqueandbreathtakingnaturalbeauty,mustbewellpreserved7allpeopleofthenationtoenjoy—asanationalpark.Theyallagreedandvowed(承諾)topromotetheideaatthe8(plete)oftheirjourney.Theirpromotionalworkpaidoff.Twoyearslater,18yearsbeforeWyomingbecameastate,YellowstonebecamethefirstnationalparkintheUnitedStatesandtheworld.Yellowstonewasthe9(large)UnitedStatesnationalpark—2.2millionacres—untilWrangellSaintEliasinsouthernAlaska,10becameanationalmonumentin1978,tookthehonorsasanationalparkin1980with12.3millionacres.PassageSEQa2（2025·全國二卷·高考真題）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。IwasbornandraisedinCleveland,OhiointheUnitedStates.Yetnow,IliveinthecountrysideofZhejiang,ChinawithmyChinesehusbandandhisfamily,1bambooandteabushes(灌木)growwildinthemountains,chickensarealwaysfreerange,and2(center)heatingdoesn’texist.Nothinginmylifebeforepreparedme3thisoneandtobesure,thefirsttimeIcamehereIneverimaginedIwouldeverfeelfortableinthisarea.Butit’samazinghowyoucanadapt4learninanewenvironment.Overtime,I’vefound5(I)feelingextremelyathomehere.Andintheprocess,I’veexperiencedthingsthatreallysurprisemeattimes.The“sunshinescent(香味)”offreshlysunnedclothes6(be)oneofthem.

Growingup,myfamilyandourneighborsneverusedclotheslinestodryclothing,denyingmethechance7(discover)oneofthegreatwondersofsunshine—thesweet“sunshinescent”aftersunningclothesforanentireday.ThesundriedclothessmellespeciallypleasantwhereIlive,thankstothe8(absent)ofsmogandplentyofbluesky9(afternoon)withlotsoffreshair.Ifyou’veneverexperiencedthe“sunshinescent”fromasheetorshirt10(leave)tosunforaday,well,you’remissingoutononeoflife’swonders.PassageSEQa3（2025·山東·一模）閱讀下列文章，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Followingthesuccessof“NeZha2”,anotherChineseanimatedfilm“Nobody”hasgoneviral.Itsboxofficeearnings1(total)776millionyuansinceitsdebutonAugust2,smashingtherecordforChinesemade2Danimatedfilms.OnDouban,2filmreviewplatformknownforitsstringent(嚴(yán)格的)ratings,theanimationhasscoredan3(impress)8.6,edgingout“NeZha2”by0.1points.“Bothfilmsareexcellent.Theformerhasgrandspecialeffects,whilethelatterexcelsinstorytelling,”amoviegoer4surnameisCaosaid.5(base)ontheclassic“JourneytotheWest”,thefilmdoesn’tfocusontheMonkeyKing.Instead,itspotlightsmonstersthatappearinthenovel.Agroupoffourlowlevelyaoguaisdecidetojourneywestbydressingup6MonkTang’steam.Thejourneyseesthemsavevillagersfromevilyaoguaisandberememberedas7(hero).“Thefilmputscontemporarythemesontominoryaoguais,8(ultimate)craftinganewstory,”saidproducerChenLiaoyu.Manyviewerslove9(it)sarcastic(諷刺的)takeonworkcultureandfocusonminorcharacters.“Thecinemaisfilledwithlaughsofkidsandadults’tears,”oneDoubanmentreads.“Askids,wedreamedofbeingtheMonkeyKing,only10(realize)we’reordinaryyaoguaisasadults.”ProfessorLiangsaidChinesecreatorsreinventtraditionalstorieswhilehonoringoriginalvalues.PassageSEQa4（2025·貴州·一模）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Sincethestartofthesummervacation,manyplaces1(hold)culturaleventssuchas“MeettheIntangibleCulturalHeritage”andICHclasses.Specialitems,guqinandKunquOpera2(include),enrichedtheholiday.AttheChinaTraditionalCultureMuseum,Xi’andrummusic,3originatedintheSuiandTangdynasties,drewvisitorswithitsgracefulandancientmelodies.Aftertheperformance,teachersledthechildreninhandsonclasseswithtraditionalmusicalinstruments,givingthemaninsight4ancientChinesemusic.InHunanprovince,theHunanIntangibleCulturalHeritageProtectionCenterrananinteractiveprogram,5(cover)morethan10traditionalfolkcrafts,suchaspapercuttinganddoughfigurinemaking(面人制作).Duringapottery(陶藝)class,childrentriedthisancientcraftunderthe6(guide)ofskilledmasters.AttheZhejiangIntangibleCulturalHeritageMuseum,youngparticipants7(attentive)learnedtheindigoblueprintinganddyeing(靛藍(lán)印花與染色)techniquefrominheritors.Becauseeachknotwastiedinadifferentway,eachpieceofworkbecame8uniqueartwork.Themuseumorganized90suchexhibitions,demonstrations9handsonactivities.“Suchtraditionalcultureactivitiesgiveyoungvisitorsachance10(experience)thecharmofChinesetraditionsthroughimmersiveparticipation,”saidoneoftheinheritors.PassageSEQa5（2025·廣西·一模）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。WesetofffromPaiVillagetoMotuo,arguablytheremotestcountyinChina.Themountainpathwasstonyandunevenwithlotsofsuddenturns,testingour1(strong)andwillpowerateverystep.Beforedusk,wearrivedatLage,areceptionstation2(consist)ofafewwoodenhouses.Icouldseethethickforestjuststepsawayfromourhouse,3awhitewaterfallhunginthemiddleoftheforest.Atmidnight,itwas4freezingcoldthatIwasawakenedseveraltimes.Overthenextfewdays,wetravelledthroughthejungle,5(follow)acliffcutpathandclimbedendlesshillsides.Though6(push)toourphysicalandmentallimits,wefinallyreachedourdestination.Motuo,locatedinthesouthernfoothillsoftheHimalayas,ispositioneddeepwithintheYarlungTsangpoGrandCanyon,theworld’s7(deep)canyon.Watervapor(水蒸氣),formedfromtheIndianOceanandBayofBengal,floatedaroundthehighpeaks.Surroundedbycloudsandmist,wefound8(we)inadreamlikefairylandoftoweringmountainsanddeepvalleys.Numerousbirdssangintheforestwhilesunshinepouredthroughthemistandwoods.Largewhiteliliesblossomedinvastfields.IusedtowonderwhyMotuokeepsdrawinggroupsofreturningtourists.Whenwegazed9silenceatthelandscape,I10(gradual)gottheanswer.PassageSEQa6（2025