專題03介詞動(dòng)詞介詞考情目錄TOC\o"12"\h\u考情分析與命題趨勢(shì) 1知識(shí)體系構(gòu)建 2考點(diǎn)精析與突破 3考點(diǎn)一：in/on/at、for/since/from、after/in/within的辨析（難點(diǎn)） 3考點(diǎn)二：in/on/to、over/above/on、under/below/beneath的辨析（重點(diǎn)） 4考點(diǎn)三：by/with/in的辨析與固定搭配（重點(diǎn)） 6實(shí)戰(zhàn)精練與提升 7一、考試要求在江蘇高三春季高考英語(yǔ)試卷中，介詞是語(yǔ)法考查的基礎(chǔ)且高頻考點(diǎn)，主要集中在語(yǔ)法填空。語(yǔ)法填空中，介詞考查多以純空格題形式出現(xiàn)，一是當(dāng)空格后為帶修飾詞（冠詞、代詞）的名詞/代詞，且該成分不充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，需填介詞；二是依托固定短語(yǔ)搭配設(shè)空，考查考生對(duì)介詞固定用法的掌握。二、命題分析近五年江蘇高考及模擬題中，介詞考查呈現(xiàn)以下趨勢(shì)：語(yǔ)境化：?jiǎn)渭兛加洃浀念}目減少，更多題目要求考生在完整的語(yǔ)境中判斷應(yīng)使用的介詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。綜合化：一道題可能同時(shí)考查多個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)，例如，在語(yǔ)法填空中，一個(gè)空格可能同時(shí)涉及時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和介詞搭配。高頻短語(yǔ)重現(xiàn)率高：對(duì)于in,on,at,for,with等核心介詞的搭配，是每年考查的重點(diǎn)。貼近生活：選題素材常來(lái)源于現(xiàn)實(shí)生活、科技發(fā)展和社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)，要求考生具備將語(yǔ)法知識(shí)應(yīng)用于真實(shí)場(chǎng)景的能力。備考策略：摒棄死記硬背，重在理解核心含義，通過(guò)大量例句和練習(xí)培養(yǎng)語(yǔ)感。知識(shí)點(diǎn)1、介詞的概覽?介詞不能單獨(dú)使用，必須后跟賓語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)。介詞短語(yǔ)在句中可作狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。①時(shí)間介詞時(shí)間介詞是高考高頻考點(diǎn)，核心在于根據(jù)時(shí)間表達(dá)的具體類型（時(shí)間段、時(shí)間點(diǎn)、特定日期等）選擇正確介詞，同時(shí)區(qū)分易混淆介詞在時(shí)態(tài)搭配上的差異。②地點(diǎn)、方位介詞此類介詞考查重點(diǎn)在于根據(jù)位置關(guān)系（內(nèi)部、相鄰、不相鄰）和空間高度（垂直、非垂直、是否接觸）選擇正確介詞，常結(jié)合地理常識(shí)或具體場(chǎng)景設(shè)題。③工具、方式、手段介詞該考點(diǎn)側(cè)重考查不同工具/方式對(duì)應(yīng)的介詞選擇，以及介詞與交通方式、語(yǔ)言、材料等名詞的固定搭配，是單項(xiàng)選擇和語(yǔ)法填空的高頻設(shè)題點(diǎn)。知識(shí)點(diǎn)2、介詞固定搭配（重難點(diǎn)：介詞與名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞的搭配）名詞+介詞Shehasagreatinterestinmusic,andshehasmademuchprogressinplayingtheviolin;hersuccessinmusicisduetoherloveforitandherharderestin表示對(duì)……的興趣，progressin表示在……方面的進(jìn)步，successin表示在……方面的成功，lovefor表示對(duì)……的愛(ài)。Hemadeanapologytohisfriendforhismistake,andhereceivedareplytohisletter;hehasagoodknowledgeofhistory,andhehasatalentforsolvingdifficultproblems.apologyto表示對(duì)……的道歉，replyto表示對(duì)……的回復(fù)，knowledgeof表示對(duì)……的知識(shí)，talentfor表示對(duì)……的天賦。Thereisaneedformoredoctorsinthishospital,andthereisashortageofmedicine;thegovernmenthastakenmeasurestoprotecttheenvironment,andithasmadeacontributiontoreducingpollution.needfor表示對(duì)……的需求，shortageof表示……的短缺，contributionto表示對(duì)……的貢獻(xiàn)。動(dòng)詞+介詞Shelistenstomusiceverynight,andsheoftentalkstoherfriendsaboutherhobbies;hedependsonhisparentsforsupport,andhereliesonhisfriendsforhelp.listento表示聽(tīng)，talkto表示和……談話，dependon表示依靠，relyon表示依賴。Theyagreedtotheplan,andtheydecidedtocarryouttheplan;headmittedtohismistake,andhepromisedtocorrectit..agreeto表示同意，carryout表示執(zhí)行，admitto表示承認(rèn)，promiseto表示承諾。Shelooksforwardtomeetinghergrandparents,andshehasbeenwaitingforthemforalongtime;hegaveupsmoking,andhehaskeptonexercisingeveryday.lookforwardto表示期待，waitfor表示等待，giveup表示放棄，keepon表示堅(jiān)持。形容詞+介詞SheisgoodatEnglish,andsheisinterestedinEnglishliterature;heisafraidofheights,andheiscarefulwithhiswork.goodat表示擅長(zhǎng)，interestedin表示對(duì)……感興趣，afraidof表示害怕，carefulwith表示對(duì)……小心。Thebookisfullofinterestingstories,anditispopularwithstudents;heisproudofhisachievements,andheissatisfiedwithhislife.fullof表示充滿，popularwith表示受……歡迎，proudof表示為……驕傲，satisfiedwith表示對(duì)……滿意。Sheisstrictwithherstudents,andsheiskindtothem;heisresponsibleforhiswork,andheisloyaltohispany.strictwith表示對(duì)……嚴(yán)格，kindto表示對(duì)……友好，responsiblefor表示對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)，loyalto表示對(duì)……忠誠(chéng)。考點(diǎn)一：in/on/at、for/since/from、after/in/within的辨析in/on/at的用法in用于世紀(jì)、年、季節(jié)、月、周以及泛指的上午/下午/晚上。on用于具體某一天”或某天的上午/下午/晚上（帶修飾詞）。at用于具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)、固定時(shí)間短語(yǔ)（如正午、黃昏、時(shí)刻）。Shewasbornin2005andstartedlearningEnglishinprimaryschoolin2011.2005年是年份，用in；primaryschool階段是泛指的時(shí)間段，用in。WewillhaveapicniconSundaymorning,butifitrains,we’llstayathomeonthatcoldday.Sundaymorning是“某天的上午”，用on；thatcoldday是“具體某一天”，用on。a.m.traintoBeijingwillleaveat8:30a.m.,soweneedtoarriveatthestationatdawn.a.m.a.m.是具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)，用at；dawn是固定時(shí)間短語(yǔ)，用at。特別注意：當(dāng)時(shí)間名詞前有l(wèi)ast、next、this、that等修飾時(shí)，不加介詞，如lastFriday（上周五）、thisevening（今晚）。for/since/from的用法for后接時(shí)間段，表示動(dòng)作持續(xù)的時(shí)長(zhǎng)，可用于過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在、將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。since后接過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)，表示從該時(shí)間點(diǎn)至今，需與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。fromfrom...to...起始點(diǎn)，不涉及持續(xù)時(shí)長(zhǎng)，常與to搭配構(gòu)成from...to...結(jié)構(gòu)。Mr.WanghastaughtEnglishinthisschoolfor20years,andheplanstokeepteachinghereforanother10years.20years和10years是時(shí)間段，用for；前半句教了20年用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，后半句“再教10年”用將來(lái)時(shí)，for均適用。Theyhavebeengoodfriendssincetheymetatthecollegeentranceexaminationin2021.2021年高考是過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)，從那時(shí)起成為朋友持續(xù)至今，用since，搭配現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。a.m.p.m.a.m.p.m.sopenfrom8:00a.m.to9:00p.m.onweekdays,andfrom9:00a.m.to6:00p.m.onweekends.8:00a.m.和9:00a.m.是時(shí)間點(diǎn)，用from，與to搭配表示從……到……。例題Thenewschoolyearwillbegin______September1st,andclassesstart______8:00AM.【變式訓(xùn)練】Shehasbeenlearningpiano______2020,andpractices______twohourseveryday.考點(diǎn)二：in/on/to、over/above/on、under/below/beneath的辨析in/on/to的用法（表示在……方位）in表示在某范圍之內(nèi)。on表示與某范圍相鄰（接壤）。to表示在某范圍之外（不接壤）。JiangsuProvinceliesintheeasternpartofChina,anditisonthenorthofZhejiangProvince.江蘇在中國(guó)范圍內(nèi)，用in；與浙江接壤，用on。JapanistotheeastofChina,whileRussiaisonthenorthofChinaandMongoliaisinthenorthofAsia.日本在中國(guó)之外且不接壤，用to；俄羅斯與中國(guó)接壤，用on；蒙古在亞洲范圍內(nèi)，用in。Thenewlibraryisinthecenterofourschool,andtheplaygroundistothewestofthelibrary,withasmallgardenonthesouthoftheplayground.圖書(shū)館在學(xué)校范圍內(nèi)，用in；操場(chǎng)在圖書(shū)館之外，用to；花園與操場(chǎng)相鄰，用on。over/above/on的用法（表示在……之上）over表示“垂直在……正上方”，無(wú)接觸。above表示“在……上方”，非垂直，無(wú)接觸。on表示“在……之上”，有接觸。Thereisabridgeovertheriver,andyoucanseeabirdflyingabovethebridge橋垂直在河上方，用over；鳥(niǎo)在橋的上方，非垂直，用above。Sheputherbooksonthedesk,andthereisalampabovethedesk,withapicturehangingoverthelamp.書(shū)在桌子上，有接觸，用on；燈在桌子上方，非垂直，用above；畫垂直在燈上方，用over。Theplaneflewoverthecity,andwecouldseemanytallbuildingsbelow,withsomeflagsonthetopofthebuildings.飛機(jī)垂直在城市上方，用over；建筑在飛機(jī)下方，用below；旗幟在建筑頂部，有接觸，用on。under/below/beneath的用法（表示在……之下）under表示“垂直在……正下方”，無(wú)接觸。below表示“在……下方”，非垂直，無(wú)接觸。beneath表示“在……之下”，可接觸或非接觸，更正式。Thecatisunderthechair,andthereisaboxbelowthechair,withabookbeneaththebox.貓垂直在椅子下方，用under；盒子在椅子下方，非垂直，用below；書(shū)在盒子之下，用beneath，更正式。Thetemperaturetodayisbelow0℃,sothewaterinthelakeisundertheice,andwecanseesomefishbeneaththeice.溫度在0℃以下，用below；水在冰的正下方，用under；魚(yú)在冰之下，用beneath。Hehidthekeybeneaththestone,andthestoneisunderthebigtree,withsomegrassbelowthetree.鑰匙在石頭之下，用beneath；石頭在樹(shù)的正下方，用under；草在樹(shù)的下方，非垂直，用below。例題Shanghaiis______theeastofChina,whileJapanis______theeastofChinaacrossthesea.【變式訓(xùn)練】Thehelicopterflew______thecity,andwecouldseeclouds______themountains.考點(diǎn)三：by/with/in的辨析與固定搭配by/with/in的用法by后接“交通工具（無(wú)冠詞）”“方式/手段（抽象）”“計(jì)算單位”。with后接“有形工具”“身體器官”“情感態(tài)度名詞”。in后接“語(yǔ)言”“材料”“顏色”“情緒狀態(tài)”。Sheusuallygoestoworkbybus,buttodayshewentbybikebecauseherbuswaslate;sheoftenwriteslettersinEnglishandsignshernamewithapen.bybus/bybike表示交通方式，無(wú)冠詞；inEnglish表示用英語(yǔ)，in后接語(yǔ)言；withapen表示用鋼筆，with后接工具。Theymadethetablewithwood,andthetableispaintedinred;heearnsmoneybyworkingasateacher,andheispaidbythemonth.withwood表示用木頭，with后接材料；inred表示紅色，in后接顏色；byworking表示通過(guò)工作，by后接方式；bythemonth表示按月，by后接計(jì)算單位。Thelittlegirllookedathermotherwithexcitement,andshetoldhermotherastoryinalowvoice;theymunicatedwitheachotherbyemail,andtheyoftendiscussproblemsinmathwiththeirteacher.withexcitement表示帶著興奮，with后接情感名詞；inalowvoice表示用低聲，in后接狀態(tài)；byemail表示通過(guò)郵件，by后接方式；inmath表示在數(shù)學(xué)方面，in后接學(xué)科。固定搭配Thissweaterwasmadebyhand,anditwassoldontheInternet;helearnedtoplaythepianointhisway,andheimprovedhisskillsbypracticingeveryday.byhand表示手工，ontheInternet表示通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，inthisway表示用這種方式，bypracticing表示通過(guò)練習(xí)。Sheheardthenewsontheradio,andshetoldherfriendsaboutitbyphone;theysolvedtheproblembythismeans,andtheyfinishedthetaskwiththismethod.ontheradio表示通過(guò)廣播，byphone表示通過(guò)電話，bythismeans表示用這種手段，withthismethod表示用這種方法。Thereportwaswritteninink,anditwasprintedinblackandwhite;hemadealivingbysellingvegetables,andhesavedmoneybycuttingdownunnecessaryexpenses.inink表示用墨水，inblackandwhite表示用黑白顏色。byselling表示通過(guò)賣，bycuttingdown表示通過(guò)減少。例題Hesentthereport______email,andwroteit______English.【變式訓(xùn)練】Shecutthepaper______scissors,anddecoratedit______redink.一、單句語(yǔ)法填空1.TomHanks’performanceinthemovieleftadeepimpression________him.2.Myfriendwarnedmethestreetsidecafemightbedisappointing,butitsfreshcakes,warmstaff,andcheapdrinkswerepletely________ourexpectations.3.ItisreportedthatanexpresswayfromLanzhoutoKunmingisconstruction.4.Thegovernmenthasissuedatotalban________smokinginschool.5.Thenewtradeagreementremains________negotiation,withbothpartiesworkingtoresolvekeydifferencesinmarketaccessregulations.6.Today,over800,000peoplein16countriesacrossAfricahavebenefitedthelifechanginggiftofclean,safewater.7.Ashewasnotallowedtoacpanyhertheshops,hewroteoutalistofitemsforher.8.Astimewent________,IrealizedhowimportantitwastolearnEnglishwell.9.Theseunitsexposedchildren________manyviewpointsofagivenissue.10.Heisamanworthy________praise.11.Shespoke________awhisperincaseofwakingherdelicatebabyup.12.MostWesternlanguageshavesomeformsofdistinction,withsomeofthemaddingingredientsgoodmeasure.13.Whileshewassingingonthestage,hermotherwasacpanyingherthepiano.14.Youwilltakepossession________thehouseimmediatelyifyoupaynow.15.Bothsidesareconvincedthattheyaretheright.16.Herearesometipsonhowtogothewritingtask.17.Youcan’tgo________thegovernment.Ifyoudo,they’llforceyoutomove.18.Hejoinedthearmyindefence________hiscountry.19.Fiveyearsolderthanthemajorityofofficersofhissamerank,hewasdeterminedtomakeup________losttime.20.Irely________himforeverything;he'smyrightarm.二、語(yǔ)法填空TheWisdomoftheAncientsinModernLife??Intoday’srapidlydevelopingworld,thereisagrowingtrend1.________youngpeoplereturningtotraditionalculture.2.________thepastdecade,programslike"NationalTreasure"havesparkedwidespreadinterest3.________Chinesehistoryandart.Agroup4.________universitystudentsinNanjingisaprimeexample.Theyareworking5.________aprojecttocreatedigitalmodelsofancientbuildings.Insteadofjustreading6.________thesestructuresinbooks,theytraveltohistoricalsitestotakemeasurements.7.________theirhardwork,theyhavemanagedtopreservedetailedrecordsofmanyendangeredsites.Theteamoftenworks8.________theearlymorninguntillateatnight.9.________weekdays,theyfocus10.________dataanalysis.11.________weekends,theygooutforfieldresearch.Theysharetheirprogress12.________theirteachersandthepublic13.________holdingmonthlyonlineseminars.“Thisprojectisnotjust14.________us,”saidtheteamleader.“It’s15.________futuregenerations.Wehopetobridgethegapbetweenthepastandthepresent.”三、真題演練1.（2025年新高考卷I）Adecentwinneralways

triestobeattheopponent

________nomorethanoneortwopointsasagesture

（姿態(tài)）ofrespectfortheotherside.2.（2025年新高考卷Ⅱ）Nothinginmylifebeforepreparedme________thisoneandtobesure,thefirsttimeIcamehereIneverimaginedIwouldeverfeelfortableinthishomeorarea.3.（2025年北京卷）Afterall,exploringtheworldshouldn'te________theplanet'sexpense.4.（2020年秋考）Customerstodaylookpastthefactthatsomethingissecondhandandfocusinstead________thefactthattheyhavesomethinguniquetowearandarenotoverstuffingtheirownwardrobes（衣柜）orcontributingtolandfill.5.（2024年全國(guó)甲卷）Thisarea,withitsuniqueandbreathtakingnaturalbeauty,mustbewellpreserved_________allpeopleofthenationtoenjoyasanationalpark.動(dòng)詞考情目錄TOC\o"12"\h\u考情分析與命題趨勢(shì) 13知識(shí)體系構(gòu)建 14考點(diǎn)精析與突破 15考點(diǎn)一：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞與不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞變化（?？键c(diǎn)） 15考點(diǎn)二：系動(dòng)詞的分類與用法（重點(diǎn)） 16考點(diǎn)三：及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞的用法（重點(diǎn)） 18考點(diǎn)四：助動(dòng)詞的用法（難點(diǎn)） 19考點(diǎn)五：高頻動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的詞義辨析（常考點(diǎn)） 21實(shí)戰(zhàn)精練與提升 23解讀一、考試要求動(dòng)詞是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的核心，在江蘇高三春季高考中占據(jù)極高分值，考查范圍涵蓋動(dòng)詞基本形式、系動(dòng)詞及物/不及物動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)等，題型涉及語(yǔ)法填空、完形填空甚至?xí)姹磉_(dá)。語(yǔ)法填空側(cè)重考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)變化以及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞、不定式）的運(yùn)用；完形填空則重點(diǎn)考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析、動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析（如break、get、take、turn等高頻動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)），要求考生結(jié)合語(yǔ)境判斷動(dòng)詞的含義與用法；書(shū)面表達(dá)則要求考生正確運(yùn)用動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和搭配，確保句子語(yǔ)法正確、表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確。二、命題分析近五年江蘇高考及模擬題中，動(dòng)詞的考查呈現(xiàn)以下趨勢(shì)：語(yǔ)境化：?jiǎn)渭兛加洃浀念}目減少，更多題目要求考生在完整的語(yǔ)境中判斷應(yīng)使用的介詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。綜合化：一道題可能同時(shí)考查多個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)，例如，在語(yǔ)法填空中，一個(gè)空格可能同時(shí)涉及時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和介詞搭配。高頻短語(yǔ)重現(xiàn)率高：對(duì)于look,make,take,get,put等核心動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)，以及in,on,at,for,with等核心介詞的搭配，是每年考查的重點(diǎn)。貼近生活：選題素材常來(lái)源于現(xiàn)實(shí)生活、科技發(fā)展和社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)，要求考生具備將語(yǔ)法知識(shí)應(yīng)用于真實(shí)場(chǎng)景的能力。備考策略：摒棄死記硬背，重在理解核心含義，通過(guò)大量例句和練習(xí)培養(yǎng)語(yǔ)感，建立自己的“搭配庫(kù)”。知識(shí)梳理知識(shí)點(diǎn)1、動(dòng)詞的基本形式?動(dòng)詞基本形式是語(yǔ)法填空的基礎(chǔ)考點(diǎn)，需掌握規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化規(guī)律（加s/es、加ed、加ing）和不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的特殊變化（需逐個(gè)記憶），同時(shí)注意第三人稱單數(shù)形式在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中的運(yùn)用。知識(shí)點(diǎn)2、系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞本身無(wú)完整詞義，需后接表語(yǔ)（名詞、形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等）構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)或身份。高考常考查系動(dòng)詞的辨析（如look、sound、smell、taste、feel等感官系動(dòng)詞；bee、get、grow、turn等變化系動(dòng)詞）以及系動(dòng)詞后接表語(yǔ)的正確形式。知識(shí)點(diǎn)3、及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞必須接賓語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)完整意思，可接簡(jiǎn)單賓語(yǔ)、雙賓語(yǔ)或復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)；不及物動(dòng)詞不接賓語(yǔ)，若需接賓語(yǔ)，需先加介詞。高考?？疾榧拔飫?dòng)詞與不及物動(dòng)詞的辨析（如arrive、reach；listen、hear等）以及雙賓語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞的搭配（如give、pass、buy、make等）。知識(shí)點(diǎn)4、助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞本身無(wú)詞義，用于幫助實(shí)義動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、否定句和疑問(wèn)句，常見(jiàn)助動(dòng)詞有be（am/is/are/was/were）、have（has/had）、do（does/did）、will（would）、shall（should）。高考?？疾橹鷦?dòng)詞在不同時(shí)態(tài)（如現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)）和語(yǔ)態(tài)（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）中的運(yùn)用，以及助動(dòng)詞do在否定句和疑問(wèn)句中的用法。知識(shí)點(diǎn)4、動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)是高考單項(xiàng)選擇和完形填空的核心考點(diǎn)，由“動(dòng)詞+介詞”“動(dòng)詞+副詞”“動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞”等構(gòu)成，需重點(diǎn)記憶高頻動(dòng)詞（如break、get、take、turn、put、look、e、go等）構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境判斷其含義。考點(diǎn)精講考點(diǎn)一：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞與不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞變化規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化①一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)第三人稱單數(shù)：一般在動(dòng)詞原形后加s；以s、x、ch、sh、o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加es；以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變y為i加es。Heusuallygetsupearlyinthemorning,andhewasheshisfaceandbrusheshisteethbeforebreakfast;hegoestoschoolbybikeeveryday.get→gets，wash→washes，brush→brushes，go→goes，均為第三人稱單數(shù)形式。SheteachesEnglishinamiddleschool,andshewatchesEnglishmoviesinherfreetime;shestudieshardandalwayspassestheexams.teach→teaches，watch→watches，study→studies，pass→passes，均為第三人稱單數(shù)形式。Thefactoryproducescars,anditexportsthemtomanycountries;themanagercheckstheproductioneveryweekandreportstotheduce→produces，export→exports，check→checks，report→reports，均為第三人稱單數(shù)形式。②過(guò)去式/過(guò)去分詞一般在動(dòng)詞原形后加ed；以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加d；以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變y為i加ed；以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞，雙寫末尾輔音字母加ed。Heworkedinthispanylastyear,andhefinishedmanyimportantprojects;hevisitedhisparentslastweekendandstayedwiththemfortwodays.work→worked，finish→finished，visit→visited，stay→stayed，均為規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式。ShelivedinBeijingwhenshewasyoung,andshestudiedatPekingUniversity;shelovedreadingandwrotemanyarticles.live→lived，study→studied，love→loved，write→wrote，write為不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，其余為規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。Theyplannedtogoonatrip,andtheybookedticketsandhotelsinadvance;theystartedtheirtriplastMondayandreturnedyesterday.plan→planned，book→booked，start→started，return→returned，plan為雙寫末尾輔音字母加ed，其余為規(guī)則變化。不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化需重點(diǎn)記憶高頻不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，如be、have、do、go、e、take等。HehasbeentoShanghaimanytimes,andhewenttherelastmonth;hesawmanyinterestingplacesandmetsomeoldfriends.be→been，go→went，see→saw，meet→met，均為不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞/過(guò)去式。Shedidherhomeworklastnight,andshefoundadifficultproblem;sheaskedherteacherforhelpandgottheanswer.do→did，find→found，ask→asked，get→got，do、find、get為不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，ask為規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。Theytookabustothepark,andtheycamebackhomeat5p.m.;theyatedinnertogetherandtalkedabouttheirday.take→took，e→came，eat→ate，talk→talked，take、e、eat為不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，talk為規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。例題Lastweek,he______(go)tothelibraryand______(borrow)threebooks.【變式訓(xùn)練】Sheoften______(study)intheevening,andyesterdayshe______(finish)herhomeworkearly.考點(diǎn)二：系動(dòng)詞的分類與用法感官系動(dòng)詞look、sound、smell、taste、feel：后接形容詞作表語(yǔ)，不接副詞。Theflowerslookbeautiful,andtheysmellsweet;themusicsoundswonderful,anditmakesmefeelhappy.lookbeautiful表示看起來(lái)漂亮，smellsweet表示聞起來(lái)香，soundwonderful表示聽(tīng)起來(lái)美妙，feelhappy表示感覺(jué)開(kāi)心，均接形容詞作表語(yǔ)。Thecaketastesdelicious,anditfeelssoft;theshirtlooksnice,anditfeelsfortable.tastedelicious表示嘗起來(lái)美味，feelsoft表示摸起來(lái)軟，looknice表示看起來(lái)好看，feelfortable表示摸起來(lái)舒服，均接形容詞作表語(yǔ)。Thestorysoundsinteresting,anditmakesmefeelexcited;thesoupsmellsgood,andittasteshot.soundinteresting表示聽(tīng)起來(lái)有趣，feelexcited表示感覺(jué)興奮，smellgood表示聞起來(lái)香，tastehot表示嘗起來(lái)辣，均接形容詞作表語(yǔ)。變化系動(dòng)詞bee、get、grow、turn：表示主語(yǔ)從一種狀態(tài)變?yōu)榱硪环N狀態(tài)，后接形容詞或名詞作表語(yǔ)。Shebecameadoctoraftergraduatingfromcollege,andshegotbusywithherwork;shegrewolder,butshestillkeptayoungheart.beeadoctor表示成為一名醫(yī)生，接名詞；getbusy表示變得忙碌，接形容詞；growolder表示變老，接形容詞。Theleavesturnyellowinautumn,andtheweathergetscold;hebecamemoreconfidentafterwinningthepetition.turnyellow表示變黃，接形容詞；getcold表示變冷，接形容詞；beemoreconfident表示變得更自信，接形容詞比較級(jí)。Thelittleboygrewtallquickly,andhebecameastudentinaprimaryschool;thewaterturnedintoicebecauseofthelowtemperature.growtall表示長(zhǎng)高，接形容詞；beeastudent表示成為一名學(xué)生，接名詞；turnintoice表示變成冰，接名詞短語(yǔ)。狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞be、keep、stay、remain：表示主語(yǔ)的持續(xù)狀態(tài)，be動(dòng)詞可接名詞、形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等作表語(yǔ)；keep、stay、remain后接形容詞作表語(yǔ)。Heisastudent,andheisgoodatmath;hekeepsquietinclass,andhestaysfocusedonhisstudies.isastudent表示是一名學(xué)生，接名詞；isgoodatmath表示擅長(zhǎng)數(shù)學(xué)，接介詞短語(yǔ)；keepquiet表示保持安靜，stayfocused表示保持專注，均接形容詞。Theroomremainsclean,anditstaystidyallthetime;sheishappy,andsheisinagoodmood.remainclean表示保持干凈，staytidy表示保持整潔，均接形容詞；ishappy表示開(kāi)心，接形容詞；isinagoodmood表示心情好，接介詞短語(yǔ)。Theproblemremainsunsolved,anditkeepsbeingdiscussed;heisfromChina,andheisinterestedinChineseculture.remainunsolved表示仍未解決，keepbeingdiscussed表示持續(xù)被討論，均接形容詞/過(guò)去分詞；isfromChina表示來(lái)自中國(guó)，接介詞短語(yǔ)；isinterestedin表示對(duì)……感興趣，接介詞短語(yǔ)。例題Theflowersinthegarden______(smell)sweetaftertherain.【變式訓(xùn)練】Afterthetraining,he______(bee)moreconfidentinpublicspeaking.考點(diǎn)三：及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞的用法及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞后接簡(jiǎn)單賓語(yǔ)Shelovesreading,andshereadsmanybookseverymonth;sheenjoysmusic,andshelistenstomusiceverynight.love后接reading作賓語(yǔ)，read后接manybooks作賓語(yǔ)，enjoy后接music作賓語(yǔ)，均為及物動(dòng)詞接簡(jiǎn)單賓語(yǔ)。Heboughtanewphoneyesterday,andhegavetheoldonetohisbrother;hewrotealettertohisfriend,andheposteditthismorning.buy后接anewphone作賓語(yǔ)，give后接theoldone作賓語(yǔ)，write后接aletter作賓語(yǔ)，post后接it作賓語(yǔ)，均為及物動(dòng)詞接簡(jiǎn)單賓語(yǔ)。Theyfoundasolutiontotheproblem,andtheysolveditquickly;theydiscoveredanewplace,andtheyvisiteditlastweekend.find后接asolution作賓語(yǔ)，solve后接it作賓語(yǔ)，discover后接anewplace作賓語(yǔ)，visit后接it作賓語(yǔ)，均為及物動(dòng)詞接簡(jiǎn)單賓語(yǔ)。及物動(dòng)詞后接雙賓語(yǔ)分為“間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)”，間接賓語(yǔ)指人，直接賓語(yǔ)指物；部分動(dòng)詞間接賓語(yǔ)可改為“to/for+間接賓語(yǔ)”（to表示“給”，for表示“為”）。Shegavemeabook,andIgaveapentoherinreturn;hepassedheracupoftea,andshethankedhim.givemeabook=giveabooktome，passheracupoftea=passacupofteatoher，均為“動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)”，間接賓語(yǔ)可改為“to+間接賓語(yǔ)”。Mymotherboughtmeanewdress,andshemadeacakeformeonmybirthday;hecookedmeadeliciousmeal,andhefetchedaglassofwaterforme.buymeanewdress=buyanewdressforme，makeacakeforme，cookmeameal=cookamealforme，均為“動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)”，間接賓語(yǔ)可改為“for+間接賓語(yǔ)”。TheteachertaughtusEnglish,andshetoldusastory;heshowedmehisphotos,andhereadmeapoem.teachusEnglish=teachEnglishtous，tellusastory=tellastorytous，showmehisphotos=showhisphotostome，readmeapoem=readapoemtome，均為“動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)”，間接賓語(yǔ)可改為“to+間接賓語(yǔ)”。不及物動(dòng)詞不接賓語(yǔ)或加介詞后接賓語(yǔ)HearrivedinBeijingyesterday,andhewillleaveforShanghaitomorrow;thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.arrive為不及物動(dòng)詞，后接介詞in+賓語(yǔ)Beijing；leave為不及物動(dòng)詞，后接介詞for+賓語(yǔ)Shanghai；rise和set為不及物動(dòng)詞，不接賓語(yǔ)。Sheworksinahospital,andshestudiesinherfreetime;theytalkedabouttheproblem,andtheyagreedwitheachother.work為不及物動(dòng)詞，后接介詞in+賓語(yǔ)ahospital；study為不及物動(dòng)詞，不接賓語(yǔ)；talk為不及物動(dòng)詞，后接介詞about+賓語(yǔ)theproblem；agree為不及物動(dòng)詞，后接介詞with+賓語(yǔ)eachother。Therainstoppedatnoon,andthewinddieddownslowly;helaughedloudly,andhecriedbecauseofsadness.stop和diedown為不及物動(dòng)詞，不接賓語(yǔ)；laugh為不及物動(dòng)詞，不接賓語(yǔ)；cry為不及物動(dòng)詞，后接介詞becauseof+賓語(yǔ)sadness。例題They______(discuss)theenvironmentalissueforhoursyesterday.【變式訓(xùn)練】She______(arrive)attheairportearly,andthen______(wait)forherfriend.考點(diǎn)四：助動(dòng)詞的用法be動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)①現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/are+doingHehaslivedinthiscityfor10years,andhehasmademanyfriendshere;shehasreadthisbooktwice,andshelikesitverymuch.haslived表示已經(jīng)住了，hasmade表示已經(jīng)交了，hasread表示已經(jīng)讀了，均為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。TheyhavevisitedBeijingmanytimes,andtheyhaveseentheGreatWall;Ihavefinishedmyhomework,andIcangoouttoplay.havevisited表示已經(jīng)參觀了，haveseen表示已經(jīng)看了，havefinished表示已經(jīng)完成了，均為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。Thepanyhasdevelopedanewproduct,andithassoldwell;myfatherhasworkedinthisfactorysince2000.hasdeveloped表示已經(jīng)研發(fā)了，hassold表示已經(jīng)賣得好，hasworked表示已經(jīng)工作了，均為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。②被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：am/is/are/was/were+doneThebookiswrittenbyafamouswriter,anditwaspublishedlastyear;thelettersaredeliveredbythepostmaneveryday.iswritten表示被寫，waspublished表示被出版，aredelivered表示被投遞，均為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Theroomwascleanedbymysisteryesterday,anditisbeingcleanednow;theproblemwillbesolvedbytheteacher.wascleaned表示被打掃，isbeingcleaned表示正在被打掃，willbesolved表示將被解決，均為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Thetreesareplantedbythestudentseveryspring,andtheflowerswerewateredbymymotherthismorning;thereporthasbeenfinishedbyhim.areplanted表示被種植，werewatered表示被澆水，hasbeenfinished表示已經(jīng)被完成，均為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。have動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成完成時(shí)態(tài)。①現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/has+doneHehaslivedinthiscityfor10years,andhehasmademanyfriendshere;shehasreadthisbooktwice,andshelikesitverymuch.haslived表示已經(jīng)住了，hasmade表示已經(jīng)交了，hasread表示已經(jīng)讀了，均為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。TheyhavevisitedBeijingmanytimes,andtheyhaveseentheGreatWall;Ihavefinishedmyhomework,andIcangoouttoplay.havevisited表示已經(jīng)參觀了，haveseen表示已經(jīng)看了，havefinished表示已經(jīng)完成了，均為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。Thepanyhasdevelopedanewproduct,andithassoldwell;myfatherhasworkedinthisfactorysince2000.hasdeveloped表示已經(jīng)研發(fā)了，hassold表示已經(jīng)賣得好，hasworked表示已經(jīng)工作了，均為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。②過(guò)去完成時(shí)：had+doneHehadfinishedhisworkbeforehewenthome,andhehadcalledhiswifetotellher.hadfinished表示在回家前已經(jīng)完成了，hadcalled表示在回家前已經(jīng)打電話了，均為過(guò)去完成時(shí)。Theyhadlefttheparkbeforeitstartedtorain,andtheyhadtakenanumbrellawiththem.hadleft表示在下雨前已經(jīng)離開(kāi)了，hadtaken表示在下雨前已經(jīng)帶了傘，均為過(guò)去完成時(shí)。ShehadlearnedEnglishfor5yearsbeforeshewenttoEngland,andshehadmadesomeEnglishfriendsonline.hadlearned表示在去英國(guó)前已經(jīng)學(xué)了，hadmade表示在去英國(guó)前已經(jīng)交了，均為過(guò)去完成時(shí)。do動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成否定句、疑問(wèn)句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句否定句：don’t/doesn’t/didn’t+動(dòng)詞原形Idon’tlikecoffee,andmybrotherdoesn’tliketeaeither;theydidn’tgotothepartylastnight.don’tlike表示不喜歡，doesn’tlike表示不喜歡，didn’tgo表示沒(méi)去，均為否定句。Shedoesn’twatchTVeveryday,andshedoesn’tplayputergames;hedidn’tfinishhishomeworkyesterday.doesn’twatch表示不看，doesn’tplay表示不玩，didn’tfinish表示沒(méi)完成，均為否定句。Wedon’thaveclassonweekends,andtheydon’thavetogetupearly;youdidn’ttellmethetruth.don’thave表示沒(méi)有，don’thaveto表示不必，didn’ttell表示沒(méi)告訴，均為否定句。疑問(wèn)句：Do/Does/Did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形Doyoulikereadingbooks?Doesheoftengotothelibrary?Didtheyhaveagoodtimeyesterday?Doyoulike表示你喜歡嗎，Doesheoftengo表示他經(jīng)常去嗎，Didtheyhave表示他們玩得開(kāi)心嗎，均為疑問(wèn)句。Dotheyusuallyplaybasketballafterschool?DoesshespeakEnglishwell?Didyoufinishyourhomeworkontime?Dotheyusuallyplay表示他們通常放學(xué)后打籃球嗎，Doesshespeak表示她英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得好嗎，Didyoufinish表示你按時(shí)完成作業(yè)了嗎，均為疑問(wèn)句。Doweneedtobringourbookstoclass?Doesheknowtheanswertotheproblem?Didtheyvisitthemuseumlastweek?Doweneed表示我們需要帶書(shū)去上課嗎，Doesheknow表示他知道問(wèn)題的答案嗎，Didtheyvisit表示他們上周參觀博物館了嗎，均為疑問(wèn)句。例題______youever______(visit)theGreatWall?Itisafamoustouristattraction.【變式訓(xùn)練】He______(notfinish)theprojectyet,buthewillsoon.考點(diǎn)五：高頻動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的詞義辨析break短語(yǔ)breakdown、breakup、breakout、breakinThecarbrokedownonthewaytotheairport,sowehadtotakeataxi;thetalksbetweenthetwocountriesbrokedownbecauseofsomedifferences.breakdown表示出故障、失敗Theirmarriagebrokeupafter10years,andtheydecidedtoliveseparately;thestudentsbrokeupforthesummervacation.breakup表示破裂、解散Afirebrokeoutinthebuildinglastnight,andthefirefightersarrivedquickly;awarbrokeoutbetweenthetwocountriesin1990.breakout表示爆發(fā)Someonebrokeinlastnightandstolealotofmoney;hebrokeinwithoutknockingatthedoor.breakin表示闖入、打斷get短語(yǔ)getup、geton、getoff、getalong、getoverHeusuallygetsupat6:30a.m.,andhegetsonthebusat7:10a.m.getup表示起床，geton表示上車Shegotoffthetrainatthestation,andshegotalongwellwithhernewclassmates.getoff表示下車，getalongwellwith表示與……相處融洽Hegotoverhisillnessafteramonthoftreatment,andhegotbacktowork.getover表示克服、恢復(fù)，getback表示回到TheygottogethertocelebrateChristmas,andtheygotreadyforthenewyear.gettogether表示聚集，getreadyfor表示為……做準(zhǔn)備take短語(yǔ)takeup、takeoff、takeon、takeover、takecareofHetookuppaintingasahobby,andhetookoffhiscoatwhenheenteredtheroom.takeup表示開(kāi)始從事，takeoff表示脫下、起飛Thepanytookonmoreworkerstofinishtheproject,andittookoverasmallpanylastyear.takeon表示雇傭、承擔(dān)，takeover表示接管Shetookcareofhersickmother,andshetookpartintheEnglishpetition.takecareof表示照顧，takepartin表示參加Hetookdownthenotescarefully,andhetookawaythebooksfromthedesk.takedown表示記下，takeaway表示拿走turn短語(yǔ)turnon、turnoff、turnup、turndown、turnoutSheturnedonthelightwhenitgotdark,andsheturnedofftheTVbeforegoingtobed.turnon表示打開(kāi)，turnoff表示關(guān)Heturneduptheradiotolistentothenews,andsheturneddownhisinvitationtotheparty.turnup表示調(diào)大，turndown表示調(diào)小、拒絕Thepartyturnedouttobeagreatsuccess,andheturnedintoakindmanaftertheexperience.表示結(jié)果是，turninto表示變成Theyturnedtotheteacherforhelp,andtheroadturnedleftatthecorner.turnto表示求助于，turnleft表示向左轉(zhuǎn)例題Please______thelightswhenyouleavetheroomtosaveenergy.【變式訓(xùn)練】Shedecidedto______smokingforthesakeofherhealth.練一、單句語(yǔ)法填空（注意動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）1.Don’tworry.Ican________(defence)myselffrommyenemies.2.Thisbook________(sell)wellinourprovince.3.BeingexposedtoEnglishfrequently________(able)ustohaveagoodknowledgeofthislanguage.4.Little________(do)IthinkthatIwouldpursuefashiondesignasmyjobandqualifyasafashiondesignereventually.5.A“hattrick”________(occur)infootballwhenaplayerscoresthreegoalsinasinglegame.6.Don’tputyourpricestoohighoryou’ll________(fright)thecustomersaway.7.Chinaisadevelopingcountrythat________(belong)totheThirdWorld.8.Theboycan(memory)thedataeasily.9.SomestudentsagreetoholdapartyforChristmas,butothers(agree)becauseit’snotaChinesetraditionalfestival.10.Imademydecision.Nothingwillmakeme(change